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Leliveld, L.M.C.; Düpjan, S.; Tuchscherer, A.; Puppe, B. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Hemispheric Specialization for Processing the Communicative and Emotional Content of Vocal Communication in a Social Mammal, the Domestic Pig |
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2020 |
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Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |
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Front. Behav. Neurosci. |
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14 |
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596758 |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
In humans, speech perception is lateralized, with the left hemisphere of the brain dominant in processing the communicative content and the right hemisphere dominant in processing the emotional content. However, still little is known about such a division of tasks in other species. We therefore investigated lateralized processing of communicative and emotionally relevant calls in a social mammal, the pig (Sus scrofa). Based on the contralateral connection between ears and hemispheres, we compared the behavioural and cardiac responses of 36 young male pigs during binaural and monaural (left or right) playback to the same sounds. The playback stimuli were calls of social isolation and physical restraint, whose communicative and emotional relevance, respectively, were validated prior to the test by acoustic analyses and during binaural playbacks. There were indications of lateralized processing mainly in the initial detection (left head-turn bias, indicating right hemispheric dominance) of the more emotionally relevant restraint calls. Conversely, there were indications of lateralized processing only in the appraisal (increased attention during playback to the right ear) of the more communicative relevant isolation calls. This implies differential involvement of the hemispheres in the auditory processing of vocalizations in pigs and thereby hints at similarities in the auditory processing of vocal communication in non-human animals and speech in humans. Therefore, these findings provide interesting new insight in the evolution of human language and auditory lateralization. |
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1662-5153 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6699 |
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Carson, K.; Wood-Gush, D.G.M. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Equine behaviour: I. A review of the literature on social and dam--Foal behaviour |
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1983 |
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Applied Animal Ethology |
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10 |
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3 |
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165-178 |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
In most cases, the social organisation of each of the seven species of Equidae existing today outside captivity is either territorial or non-territorial. The striking differences found between these two types of organisation in the social grouping and bonds, mating behaviour, leadership and dominance hierarchies of the animals are examined. It is thought that the non-territorial species show a less primitive type of organisation than the territorial animals. Infant Equidae are precocious animals and are able to follow their dams soon after birth. They stay close by their dams and travel with the herd from an early age and are therefore classified as “followers”, in contrast to the species which have a period of hiding after birth. Dams recognise their foals immediately after birth, whereas it takes 2 or 3 days for a foal to form an attachment to its dam. Being in close proximity to their dams, foals are able to nurse frequently and, unless artificially weaned, a foal will nurse until its dam foals again. Foals start to graze during their first week and as they grow older they spend more time grazing and less time nursing and resting. It is normal for foals to be corprophagic until one month old, and this provides them with bacteria essential for the digestion of fibre. Play behaviour is solitary in very young foals, but after 4 weeks of age, foals play together, with male foals playing more than females and showing more aggressive, fighting movements in play. |
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0304-3762 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6671 |
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Bates, L.A.; Byrne, R.W. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Creative or created: Using anecdotes to investigate animal cognition |
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2007 |
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Methods |
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Methods |
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42 |
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1 |
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12-21 |
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Anecdote; Creativity; Intelligence; Deception; Innovation; African elephant |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
In non-human animals, creative behaviour occurs spontaneously only at low frequencies, so is typically missed by standardised observational methods. Experimental approaches have tended to rely overly on paradigms from child development or adult human cognition, which may be inappropriate for species that inhabit very different perceptual worlds and possess quite different motor capacities than humans. The analysis of anecdotes offers a solution to this impasse, provided certain conditions are met. To be reliable, anecdotes must be recorded immediately after observation, and only the records of scientists experienced with the species and the individuals concerned should be used. Even then, interpretation of a single record is always ambiguous, and analysis is feasible only when collation of multiple records shows that a behaviour pattern occurs repeatedly under similar circumstances. This approach has been used successfully to study a number of creative capacities of animals: the distribution, nature and neural correlates of deception across the primate order; the occurrence of teaching in animals; and the neural correlates of several aptitudes--in birds, foraging innovation, and in primates, innovation, social learning and tool-use. Drawing on these approaches, we describe the use of this method to investigate a new problem, the cognition of the African elephant, a species whose sheer size and evolutionary distance from humans renders the conventional methods of comparative psychology of little use. The aim is both to chart the creative cognitive capacities of this species, and to devise appropriate experimental methods to confirm and extend previous findings. |
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1046-2023 |
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also special issue: Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Creativity: A Toolkit |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6185 |
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Baragli, P.; Paoletti, E.; Vitale, V.; Sighieri, C. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Looking in the correct location for a hidden object: brief note about the memory of donkeys (Equus asinus) |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Ethology Ecology & Evolution |
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Ethology Ecology & Evolution |
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23 |
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2 |
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187-192 |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
In recent years, considerable literature has been published on cognition in horses; however, much less is known about the cognitive abilities of domestic donkey (Equus asinus). This study aimed to expand our knowledge of donkey cognition by assessing their short-term memory capacity. We employed a detour problem combined with the classic delayed-response task, which has been extensively used to compare working memory duration in a variety of different species. A two-point choice apparatus was used to investigate location recall and search behaviour for a food target, after a short delay following its disappearance. Four donkeys completed the task with a 10 sec delay, while four others were tested with a 30 sec delay. Overall, each group performed above chance level on the test, showing that subjects had successfully encoded, maintained, and retrieved the existence and location of the target despite the loss of visual contact. |
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Taylor & Francis |
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0394-9370 |
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doi: 10.1080/03949370.2011.554885 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6177 |
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Author |
Nelson, X.J.; Fijn, N. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
The use of visual media as a tool for investigating animal behaviour |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Animal Behaviour |
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85 |
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3 |
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525-536 |
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citizen science; crowdsourcing; internet; online resource; opportunistic observation; 'people power'; playback study; preliminary testing; YouTube |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
In this essay we outline how video-related technology can be used as a tool for studying animal behaviour. We review particular aspects of novel, innovative animal behaviour uploaded by the general public via video-based media on the internet (using YouTube as a specific example). The behaviour of animals, particularly the play behaviour focused on here, is viewed by huge audiences. In this essay we focused on three different kinds of media clips: (1) interspecies play between dogs and a range of other species; (2) object play in horses; and (3) animal responses to stimuli presented on iPads, iPods and iPhones. We argue that the use of video is a good means of capturing uncommon or previously unknown behaviour, providing evidence that these behaviours occur. Furthermore, some of the behaviours featured on YouTube provide valuable insights for future directions in animal behaviour research. If we also take this opportunity to convey our knowledge to a public that seems to be fundamentally interested in animal behaviour, this is a good means of bridging the gap between knowledge among an academic few and the general public. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6432 |
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Baragli, P.; Vitale, V.; Paoletti, E.; Mengoli, M.; Sighieri, C. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Encoding the Object Position for Assessment of Short Term Spatial Memory in Horses (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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International Journal of Comparative Psychology |
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24 |
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3 |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
In this study, the detour problem was combined with the classic delayed-response task to investigate equine short-term spatial memory. Test subjects were eight female horses, divided into two groups (A and B) of four subjects each. The motivating object was made to move and disappear behind one oftwo identical obstacles in a two-point-choice apparatus. After a 10 s (Group A) or 30 s (Group B) delay the animal was released to seek the object. Both groups made more correct (14.8 ± 1.3 forGroup A and 13.5 ± 3.1 for Group B, mean ± SD) than incorrect choices (5.3 ± 1.3 for Group A and6.5 ± 3.1 for Group B, mean ± SD) and the performance of each group was significantly above chance level (z = 4.14, p = 0.000, for Group A and z = 3.02, p = 0.002, for Group B). Therefore, tested animals were able to recover the object by approaching the correct obstacle after 10 s or 30 s delays, showing that they had encoded and recovered from memory the existence of the target object and its location. |
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2168-3344 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6178 |
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Author |
Parisi, D.R.; Soria, S.A.; Josens, R. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Faster-is-slower effect in escaping ants revisited: Ants do not behave like humans |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Safety Science |
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72 |
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274-282 |
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Emergency; Evacuation; Egress; Ant egress; Crowd egress; Faster is slower; Pedestrian evacuation; Pedestrian dynamics |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
In this work we studied the trajectories, velocities and densities of ants when egressing under controlled levels of stress produced by a chemical repellent at different concentrations. We found that, unlike other animals escaping under life-and-death conditions and pedestrian simulations, ants do not produce a higher density zone near the exit door. Instead, ants are uniformly distributed over the available space allowing for efficient evacuations. Consequently, the faster-is-slower effect observed in ants (Soria et al., 2012) is clearly of a different nature to that predicted by de social force model. In the case of ants, the minimum evacuation time is correlated with the lower probability of taking backward steps. Thus, as biological model ants have important differences that make their use inadvisable for the design of human facilities. |
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0925-7535 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6161 |
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Author |
Galef, B.G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Enduring social enhancement of rats' preferences for the palatable and the piquant |
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1989 |
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Appetite |
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Appetite |
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13 |
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2 |
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81-92 |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
In three experiments on the social induction of food preferences in rats, I found: (a) that eight 30-min exposures of a naive “observer” rat to a “demonstrator” rat fed one of two approximately equipalatable diets produced observer preference for the diet fed to its demonstrator that lasted for more than a month, (b) that simple exposure of naive subjects to a diet itself, rather than to a rat that had eaten a diet, was not sufficient to enhance preference for that diet, and (c) that lasting preference for an unpalatable, piquant diet could also be established by exposing naive rats to demonstrators that had eaten the piquant diet, but not by simply exposure to the piquant diet itself. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis proposed by both Birch and Rozin that social-affective contexts are important in establishing stable, learned preferences for foods. |
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0195-6663 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6567 |
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John, E.R.; Chesler, P.; Bartlett, F.; Victor, I. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Observation Learning in Cats |
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1968 |
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Science |
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Science |
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159 |
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3822 |
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1489-1491 |
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In two experiments cats acquired a stimulus-controlled approach or avoidance response by observational or conventional shaping procedures. Observer cats acquired the avoidance response (hurdle jumping in response to a buzzer stimulus) significantly faster and made fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. Observer cats acquired the approach response (lever pressing for food in response to a light stimulus) with significantly fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. In some cases, observer cats committed one or no errors while reaching criterion. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6422 |
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Preiszner, B.; Vincze, E.; Seress, G.; Papp, S.; Bókony, V.; Liker, A.; Lendvai, Á.Z.; Patras, L.; Pap, P.L.; Vágási, C.I.; Németh, J. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Necessity or capacity? Physiological state predicts problem-solving performance in house sparrows |
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2013 |
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Behavioral Ecology |
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Behav. Ecol. |
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25 |
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1 |
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124-135 |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Innovative behaviors such as exploiting novel food sources can grant significant fitness benefits for animals, yet little is known about the mechanisms driving such phenomena, and the role of physiology is virtually unexplored in wild species. Two hypotheses predict opposing effects of physiological state on innovation success. On one hand, poor physiological condition may promote innovations by forcing individuals with poor competitive abilities to invent alternative solutions. On the other hand, superior physiological condition may ensure greater cognitive capacity and thereby better problem-solving and learning performance. To test these hypotheses, we studied the behavior of wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in 4 novel tasks of food acquisition, one of which was presented to the birds in repeated trials, and we investigated the relationships of individual performance with relevant physiological traits. We found that problem-solving performance across the 4 tasks was moderately consistent within individuals. Birds with lower integrated levels of corticosterone, the main avian stress hormone, solved the most difficult task faster and were more efficient learners in the repeated task than birds with higher corticosterone levels. Birds with higher concentration of total glutathione, a key antioxidant, solved 2 relatively easy tasks faster, whereas birds with fewer coccidian parasites tended to solve the difficult task more quickly. Our results, thus, indicate that aspects of physiological state influence problem-solving performance in a context-dependent manner, and these effects on problem-solving capacity, probably including cognitive abilities, are more likely to drive individual innovation success than necessity due to poor condition. |
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1045-2249 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6552 |
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