|
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Potts, W.K.; Manning, C.J.; Wakeland, E.K. |
|
|
Title |
Mating patterns in seminatural populations of mice influenced by MHC genotype |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
|
Volume |
352 |
Issue |
6336 |
Pages |
619-621 |
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
10.1038/352619a0 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5424 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Lee, P. |
|
|
Title |
Adaptation to environmental change:an evolutionary perspective |
Type |
Book Chapter |
|
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Primate responses to environmental changes |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
39-56 |
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
Chapmann & Hall |
Place of Publication |
London |
Editor |
H. O. Box |
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6523 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Garott, R.A. |
|
|
Title |
Sex Ratios and Differential Survival of Feral Hors |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anim Ecol |
|
|
Volume |
60 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
929-936 |
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
(1) Sex and age data were collected on 60 111 feral horses (Equus caballus L.) removed from eighty-nine areas in Nevada, Wyoming, and Oregon between 1976 and 1987. (2) Sex ratios of young seldom differed from parity; however, sex ratios of adults were commonly skewed toward females. No evidence of differential capture probability between adult males and females could be detected; therefore, skewed adult sex ratios were attributed to differential survival. (3) Age-specific trends in sex ratios indicated that the proportion of males steadily decreased from near parity in foals, to lows of 0.61-0.77 in the 4-5-year age-classes. The trend then reversed with males becoming predominant (1.08-1.36) in the > 10 years age-class. (4) Population simulations suggest that survival diffentials of 0.05-0.07, favouring females to 4 years of age, and 0.02-0.04 favouring males in older age-classes were required to mimic observed age-specific sex ratio changes. To obtain the high proportion of males in the > 10-years age-class, onset of senescence also had to be earlier for females. (5) Causes for differential survival in the immature age-classes are uncertain, but may relate to behavioural or metabolic differences between the sexes. Differential survival between adult males and females is attributed to differences in the energetic costs of reproduction and disparity in their reproductive life spans. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2294 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Gill, J. |
|
|
Title |
A new method for continuous recording of motor activity in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comp Biochem Physiol A |
|
|
Volume |
99 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
333-341 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Horses/*physiology; Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation/*veterinary; *Motor Activity; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted |
|
|
Abstract |
1. The use of an electronic recorder for the horse motor activity was described. 2. Examples of different types of motor activities are given in Figs 1-8. 3. The ultradian pattern of activity in all records was stressed. 4. The possibility of receiving of more physiological informations by this type of apparatus is discussed. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Vertebrate Animal Physiology, University of Warsaw, Poland |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0300-9629 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:1678331 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1950 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Noë, R.; van Schaik, C.P.; van Hooff, J.A.R.A.M. |
|
|
Title |
The Market Effect: an Explanation for Pay-off Asymmetries among Collaborating Animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
|
|
Volume |
87 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
97-118 |
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
Abstract * 1Animals can derive leverage over others from (a) resource holding power, based for instance on fighting ability or dominance, and (b) the possession of commodities, such as special skills and resources that cannot be taken away by force. * 2We contend that power based on the possession of commodities strongly depends on the level of supply and demand for that commodity, a phenomenon we call the ‘market effect’. * 3Several theoretical and empirical examples are given of social systems in which animals belong to two distinct classes that offer two different kinds of commodities. * 4The relative frequency of occurrence of the two classes is shown to determine the relative power of their members. * 5We consider the theoretical properties of bargaining processes by which relative power is converted into corresponding pay-off distributions. * 6We propose coalition games, a class of games with more than two players and in which bargaining is possible, as suitable paradigms for collaboration among members of social units. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1439-0310 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5413 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Scheidhacker, M.; Bender, W.; Vaitl, P. |
|
|
Title |
Die Wirksamkeit des therapeutischen Reitens bei der Behandlung chronisch schizophrener Patienten |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Der Nervenarzt |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nervenarzt |
|
|
Volume |
62 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
283-287 |
|
|
Keywords |
Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Animals; Attention; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; *Horses; Humans; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychotherapy/*methods; Schizophrenia/*rehabilitation; *Schizophrenic Psychology; Self Concept; *Sports |
|
|
Abstract |
After describing horse-riding as a facility in managing mentally ill patients, a program for chronic schizophrenic in-patients is presented. Clinical experience with this program and also results of a controlled study are reported. The therapeutic value and slope for horse-riding are discussed in relation to different diagnoses. |
|
|
Address |
Bezirkskrankenhaus Haar b. Munchen |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
German |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
Die Wirksamkeit des therapeutischen Reitens bei der Behandlung chronisch schizophrener Patienten. Experimentelle Ergebnisse und klinische Erfahrungen |
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0028-2804 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
[The effectiveness of therapeutic horseback-riding in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. Experimental results and clinical experiences] |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5067 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Chapais, B.; Girard, M.; Primi, G. |
|
|
Title |
Non-kin alliances, and the stability of matrilineal dominance relations in Japanese macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
|
|
Volume |
41 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
481-491 |
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
Alliances among kin play a major role in a female's acquisition of her mother's dominance rank in many species of cercopithecines. It is noteworthy, however, that kin rarely form coalitions to challenge females from higher-ranking matrilines, and that matrilineal hierarchies are remarkably stable. One possible reason for the rarity of destabilizing coalitions is that members of high-ranking matrilines form alliances against lower ranking ones. In this paper the patterning of aggressive support among non-kin, and its effect on the stability of rank relations are analysed in a captive group of Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata, composed of three unrelated matrilines. Analysis of the distribution of non-kin interventions in conflicts between matrilines over a 52-month period revealed a clear pattern of preferential support between the two dominant matrilines against the third-ranking one. This pattern was confirmed experimentally. Any member of the two dominant matrilines was unable, individually, to maintain its rank above the third-ranking matriline, but was able to do so in the presence of the other dominant matriline. Non-kin alliances appear to prevent subordinate females from challenging higher ranking females through revolutionary coalitions (formed among subordinates) or through bridging coalitions (formed among individuals ranking above and below the target). Non-kin support is interpreted in terms of cooperation versus reciprocal altruism. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
2863 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Rilling, M.E.; Neiworth, J.J. |
|
|
Title |
How animals use images |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Science Progress |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Prog |
|
|
Volume |
75 |
Issue |
298 Pt 3-4 |
Pages |
439-452 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Association Learning; Columbidae; *Concept Formation; *Imagination; *Mental Recall; Motion Perception; Problem Solving; *Thinking; *Visual Perception |
|
|
Abstract |
Animal cognition is a field within experimental psychology in which cognitive processes formerly studied exclusively with people have been demonstrated in animals. Evidence for imagery in the pigeon emerges from the experiments described here. The pigeon's task was to discriminate, by pecking the appropriate choice key, between a clock hand presented on a video screen that rotated clockwise with constant velocity from a clock hand that violated constant velocity. Imagery was defined by trials on which the line rotated from 12.00 o'clock to 3.00 o'clock, then disappeared during a delay, and reappeared at a final stop location beyond 3.00 o'clock. After acquisition of a discrimination with final stop locations at 3.00 o'clock and 6.00 o'clock, the evidence for imagery was the accurate responding of the pigeons to novel locations at 4.00 o'clock and 7.00 o'clock. Pigeons display evidence of imagery by transforming a representation of movement that includes a series of intermediate steps which accurately represent the location of a moving stimulus after it disappears. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0036-8504 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:1842858 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2831 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Real, L.A. |
|
|
Title |
Animal choice behavior and the evolution of cognitive architecture |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
|
|
Volume |
253 |
Issue |
5023 |
Pages |
980-986 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Bees/genetics/*physiology; Biomechanics; *Choice Behavior; *Cognition; *Evolution; Mathematics; Models, Genetic; Probability |
|
|
Abstract |
Animals process sensory information according to specific computational rules and, subsequently, form representations of their environments that form the basis for decisions and choices. The specific computational rules used by organisms will often be evolutionarily adaptive by generating higher probabilities of survival, reproduction, and resource acquisition. Experiments with enclosed colonies of bumblebees constrained to foraging on artificial flowers suggest that the bumblebee's cognitive architecture is designed to efficiently exploit floral resources from spatially structured environments given limits on memory and the neuronal processing of information. A non-linear relationship between the biomechanics of nectar extraction and rates of net energetic gain by individual bees may account for sensitivities to both the arithmetic mean and variance in reward distributions in flowers. Heuristic rules that lead to efficient resource exploitation may also lead to subjective misperception of likelihoods. Subjective probability formation may then be viewed as a problem in pattern recognition subject to specific sampling schemes and memory constraints. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-3280 |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0036-8075 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:1887231 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2846 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Petherick, J.C.; Waddington, D.; Duncan, I.J.H. |
|
|
Title |
Learning to gain access to a foraging and dustbathing substrate by domestic fowl: is `out of sight out of mind'? |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
|
|
Volume |
22 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
213-226 |
|
|
Keywords |
Domestic fowl; Dustbathing; Welfare; Learning; Cognition |
|
|
Abstract |
Domestic fowl were deprived of the opportunity to perform litter-related behaviour for three or four days and were tested in a Y-maze (which they had previously been trained to run) for their ability to associate a coloured cue with gaining access to peat. When the goal boxes were within sight of the choice point, most birds chose peat. However, when the birds had to rely solely on the coloured cue only one bird from 12 showed learning. However, the birds seemed to have some expectation of a reward, as they ran faster if, on the previous trial, they had chosen peat. The inability of the birds to learn the association may have been an artefact of the schedule of deprivation and testing, for when they were hungry and tested in the same way they were again unable to learn an association between the same coloured cue and food reward. The experiment with peat was repeated using “massed” trials (several trials in immediate succession) during training and testing and six from 15 birds showed learning. These results suggest that the initial failure to learn was probably due to the training and testing schedule, that access to peat appears to be rewarding and that hens can learn an association between an abstract cue and a rewarding consequence. This is consistent with the possibility that domestic fowls may have some cognitive representation of peat when it is out of sight. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3609 |
|
Permanent link to this record |