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Author |
Huebener, E. |
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Title |
Einwirkungen des Reiters nach Zeitgeber ? Beispiel: Hilfen für Übergänge von einer Gangart in eine andere; |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Tierärztliche Umschau |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tierärztl. Umschau |
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10 |
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Pages |
515-532 |
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Keywords |
Tiergerechte Reiter:Pferd-Kommunikation – Signale für das Ändern der Fußfolge – Einwirkungen im allein “passenden” Moment – alleiniger Timer dafür – “Sekundengehorsam” |
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Abstract |
Zusammenfassung
Wissenschaftliches Erfassen von Grundlagen der ererbten Reitlehre hilft, deren Werte zu bewahren. Und Reiten Lehrende dürfen nicht nur das “Wie”, sie sollten auch das “Weshalb” vermitteln können.
Die Grundlagen der in Jahrhunderten entstandenen klassischen europäischen Reitlehre beruhen auf der Natur abgelauschten Erkenntnissen. Sie spiegeln sich u. a. in den Hilfen für Übergänge aus einer Gangart in eine andere.
Die Bewegungen von Pferderumpf und -rücken liefern den Zeitgeber für jene pferdgerechte, feinfühlige Hilfengebung, die aufmerksam, fleißig und freudig mitarbeitende Pferde schafft. |
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German |
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yes |
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refbase @ user @ |
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425 |
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Author |
Huebener, E. |
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Title |
Das Niederlegen, Wälzen und Aufspringen des Pferdes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Tierärztliche Umschau |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tierärztl. Umschau |
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Volume |
7 |
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347-349 |
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Keywords |
Wohlbefinden, Balancierstab Kopf und Hals |
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Abstract |
Zusammenfassung
Anhand einer Fotofolge werden die Bewegungsabläufe beim Niederlegen, beim Wälzen und beim Wieder-Aufspringen des Pferdes und der dafür erforderliche Einsatz des Balancierstabs Pferde-Kopf und -Hals erläutert. Gründe fürs Niederlegen und Wälzen und Nutzanwendungen der Kenntnis damit verbundener Bewegungsabläufe werden gestreift. |
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German |
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yes |
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refbase @ user @ |
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423 |
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Author |
Schiele, K. A. L. M. |
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Title |
Einfluss reduzierter Futterzuteilung zweier verschiedener Heuqualitäten auf Passagedauer und Verdaulichkeit bei Ponies |
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Manuscript |
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Year |
2006 |
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Über die Auswirkungen der Futtermenge und der Futterqualität auf die scheinbare
Verdaulichkeit und die mittlere Retentionszeit beim Pferd gibt es zahlreiche Arbeiten
mit zum Teil recht widersprüchlichen Ergebnissen. So existiert eine Hypothese,
wonach bei geringerer Energiedichte im Futter die TS-Aufnahme steigt und die
mittlere Retentionszeit abnimmt. Dadurch soll bei Equiden eine ausreichende
Energieaufnahme trotz geringer Energiedichte im Futter erreicht werden (JANIS
1976, DUNCAN et al.1990). In nahezu allen Studien zu diesem Thema wurden Futter
mit unterschiedlichem Nährstoffgehalt bei konstanter Futteraufnahme bzw. ad libitum
Fütterung untersucht. Nur bei PEARSON et al. (2001 und 2006) findet sich für jedes
Futter ein Vergleich von zwei verschiedenen Futtermengen, nämlich ad libitum und
70% der ad libitum Futteraufnahme. Systematische Untersuchungen bei Pferden zu
Futtermengen, die unterhalb des Erhaltungsbedarfes liegen, fehlen bisher.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollen deshalb im Wesentlichen drei Fragen geklärt
werden:
· Gibt es einen Einfluss von Futtermengen unterhalb des Erhaltungsbedarfes auf
die mittlere Retentionszeit?
· Haben Veränderungen der mittleren Retentionszeit einen Einfluss auf die
scheinbare Verdaulichkeit?
· Wie unterscheiden sich diese Effekte in Abhängigkeit von der
Futterzusammensetzung?
Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie sollen vor allem bezüglich ihrer Auswirkungen auf die
praktische Pferdefütterung betrachtet werden. |
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Doctoral thesis |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4952 |
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Author |
Watanabe, S.; Huber, L. |
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Title |
Animal logics: decisions in the absence of human language |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
235-245 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Brain/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Decision Making/*physiology; Evolution; Humans; *Language; *Logic; Problem Solving/physiology |
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Without Abstract |
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Address |
Department of Psychology, Keio University, Mita 2-15-45, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan. swat@flet.keio.ac.jp |
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1435-9448 |
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Notes |
PMID:16909231 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2453 |
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Author |
Ottoni, E.; de Resende, B.; Izar, P. |
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Title |
Erratum |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
156-156 |
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Without Abstract |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3258 |
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Author |
Gerber, B.; Hendel, T. |
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Title |
Outcome expectations drive learned behaviour in larval Drosophila |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. |
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Volume |
273 |
Issue |
1604 |
Pages |
2965-2968 |
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Abstract |
Why does Pavlov's dog salivate? In response to the tone, or in expectation of food? While in vertebrates behaviour can be driven by expected outcomes, it is unknown whether this is true for non-vertebrates as well. We find that, in the Drosophila larva, odour memories are expressed behaviourally only if animals can expect a positive outcome from doing so. The expected outcome of tracking down an odour is determined by comparing the value of the current situation with the value of the memory for that odour. Memory is expressed behaviourally only if the expected outcome is positive. This uncovers a hitherto unrecognized evaluative processing step between an activated memory trace and behaviour control, and argues that learned behaviour reflects the pursuit of its expected outcome. Shown in a system with a simple brain, an apparently cognitive process like representing the expected outcome of behaviour seems to be a basic feature of behaviour control. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3525 |
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Author |
Henry, S.; Richard-Yris, M.-A.; Hausberger, M. |
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Title |
Influence of various early human-foal interferences on subsequent human-foal relationship |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Developmental psychobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dev Psychobiol |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
712-718 |
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Keywords |
Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Animals, Newborn/*psychology; Animals, Suckling/*psychology; Behavior, Animal; Female; *Handling (Psychology); Horses/*psychology; Humans; Mothers/psychology; *Object Attachment; Species Specificity |
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Whereas the way animals perceive human contact has been particularly examined in pet animals, a small amount of investigations has been done in domestic ungulates. It was nevertheless assumed that, as pet animals, non-aggressive forms of tactile contact were as well rewarding or positive for these species, even though the features of intraspecific relationships in pet animals and domestic ungulates may be to some extent different.We test here the hypothesis that horses may not consider physical handling by humans as a positive event. When comparing different early human-foal interactions, we found that early exposure to a motionless human enhanced slightly foals reactions to humans whereas forced stroking or handling in early life did not improve later human-foal relation. Foals that were assisted during their first suckling (e.g., brought to the dam's teat) even tended to avoid human approach at 2 weeks, and physical contact at 1 month of age.We argue that interspecies differences may exist in how tactile stimulation is perceived. It may be important for the establishment of a bond that a young animal is active in the process and able, through its behavioral responses, to help define what is positive for it. This way of investigation may have important general implications in how we consider the development of social relations, both within and between species. |
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Address |
UMR CNRS 6552, Ethologie-Evolution-Ecologie, Universite de Rennes 1, Avenue du General Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France. severine.henry@univ-rennes1.fr |
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0012-1630 |
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Notes |
PMID:17111402 |
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1781 |
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Author |
Munoz-Sanz, A. |
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Title |
[Christopher Columbus flu. A hypothesis for an ecological catastrophe] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin |
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24 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
326-334 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Atlantic Islands; Birds; Chickens; Disease Outbreaks/*history; Disease Reservoirs; Disease Susceptibility; Ecology; Europe/ethnology; History, 15th Century; Horses; Humans; Indians, South American; Influenza A virus/classification/genetics/pathogenicity; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/history/transmission/virology; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*history/mortality/transmission; Models, Biological; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/history/veterinary/virology; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology/history/transmission/virology; Reassortant Viruses/genetics/pathogenicity; Species Specificity; Sus scrofa; Swine Diseases/history/transmission/virology; Terminology; West Indies/epidemiology |
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When Christopher Columbus and his men embarked on the second Colombian expedition to the New World (1493), the crew suffered from fever, respiratory symptoms and malaise. It is generally accepted that the disease was influenza. Pigs, horses and hens acquired in Gomera (Canary Islands) traveled in the same ship. The pigs may well have been the origin of the flu and the intermediary hosts for genetic recombination of other viral subtypes. The Caribbean archipelago had a large population of birds, the natural reservoir of the avian influenza virus. In this ecological scenario there was a concurrence of several biological elements that had never before coexisted in the New World: pigs, horses, the influenza virus and humans. We propose that birds are likely to have played an important role in the epidemiology of the flu occurring on the second Colombian trip, which caused a fatal demographic catastrophe, with an estimated mortality of 90% among the natives. |
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Unidad de Patologia Infecciosa, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Servicio Extremeno de Salud, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Espana. infectio@unex.es |
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Spanish |
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La gripe de Cristobal Colon. Hipotesis sobre una catastrofe ecologica |
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0213-005X |
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PMID:16762260 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2624 |
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Author |
Widdig, A.; Streich, W.; Nürnberg, P.; Croucher, P.; Bercovitch, F.; Krawczak, M. |
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Title |
Paternal kin bias in the agonistic interventions of adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
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Volume |
61 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
205-214 |
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Biomedical and Life Sciences |
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Abstract |
When agonistic interventions are nepotistic, individuals are expected to side more often with kin but less often against kin in comparison with non-kin. As yet, however, few mammal studies have been in a position to test the validity of this assertion with respect to paternal relatedness. We therefore used molecular genetic kinship testing to assess whether adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from the free-ranging colony of Cayo Santiago (Puerto Rico) bias their interventions in ongoing dyadic aggressive interactions towards maternal and paternal half-sisters compared with unrelated females. It turned out that females supported maternal half-sisters significantly more often than paternal half-sisters or non-kin regardless of the costs associated with such interventions. Similarly, females targeted maternal half-sisters significantly less often than non-kin when this was associated with high costs. Unrelated females provided significantly higher mean rates of both high- and low-cost support to each other than did paternal half-sisters. However, females targeted paternal half-sisters significantly less often than non-kin when targeting was at low cost, suggesting that females refrain from intervening against paternal half-sisters. Our data confirm the general view that coalition formation in female mammals is a function of both the level of maternal relatedness and of the costs of intervention. The patterns of coalition formation among paternal kin were found to be more complex, and may also differ across species, but clear evidence for paternal kin discrimination was observed in female rhesus as predicted by kin selection theory. |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0340-5443 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5251 |
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Author |
Lensink, J.; Veissier, I.; Boissy, A. |
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Title |
Enhancement of performances in a learning task in suckler calves after weaning and relocation: Motivational versus cognitive control?: A pilot study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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100 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
171-181 |
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Calves; Weaning; Learning; Cognition; Behavioural test |
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Abstract |
Weaning in suckler calves influences performance in a learning task. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the improved performance after weaning, including relocation, is due to differences in motivation for the reward or in learning abilities. Forty Aubrac calves were used; half of them were weaned from their dams at around eight months, the other half were weaned one month later. After weaning, calves were housed in groups of four in a new setting. From the day after weaning of the last group of calves, the animals were subjected to two tests: (1) an arena test, (2) a T-maze test where one arm led to either a social or a food reward. The T-maze test consisted of three sessions: in Session 1, trials were conducted until the animal acquired the task (i.e. did not take the unrewarded arm on three consecutive trials); in Session 2, the motivation for the reward was assessed via the walking time of the animal to reach the reward; in Session 3, the place of reward was reversed and the animals were trained until they acquired the new task. Calves weaned for one day explored more (P < 0.05) and had lower heart rates during the arena test (P < 0.05) compared to the ones weaned for one month. During the T-maze test, calves weaned for one month versus one day did not differ in their capacities to learn the initial route (Session 1) or in their motivation for either the social or food reward (Session 2). Calves weaned for one day learned significantly faster (P < 0.05) the reversed route (Session 3) than calves weaned for one month. Hence, the better performances at reversal in the T-maze by calves that have just been weaned cannot be accounted for by a higher motivation for the reward. A better cognitive control of their behaviour due to a lower stress state is suggested by our results. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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285 |
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