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Author |
Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Equine behavior problems in relation to humane management |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Int. J. Stud. Anim Prob. |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Int. J. Stud. Anim. Prob. |
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2 |
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6 |
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329-337 |
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Cited By (since 1996): 7; Export Date: 21 October 2008 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4521 |
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Author |
Crans, W.J.; McNelly, J.; Schulze, T.L.; Main, A. |
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Title |
Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from Aedes sollicitans during an epizootic in southern New Jersey |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Mosq Control Assoc |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
68-72 |
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Aedes/*microbiology; Alphavirus/*isolation & purification; Animals; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/*isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/transmission/veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/transmission; Horses; Insect Vectors/microbiology; New Jersey |
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Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) was isolated from the salt marsh mosquito, Aedes sollicitans, collected from coastal areas of New Jersey on 3 occasions during the late summer and fall of 1982. The isolations were made at a time when local Culiseta melanura were either undergoing a population increase or exhibiting high levels of EEE virus. Although no human cases were reported during the epizootic period, the data lend support to the hypothesis that Ae. sollicitans is capable of functioning as an epidemic vector in the coastal areas of New Jersey where human cases of EEE have been most common. |
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Mosquito Research and Control, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 |
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8756-971X |
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PMID:2853203 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2684 |
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Author |
Mitchell, C.J.; Darsie, R.F.J.; Monath, T.P.; Sabattini, M.S.; Daffner, J. |
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Title |
The use of an animal-baited net trap for collecting mosquitoes during western equine encephalitis investigations in Argentina |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Mosq Control Assoc |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
43-47 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Argentina; *Culicidae/classification; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/transmission/*veterinary; Entomology/*instrumentation; Equipment Design; Horse Diseases/*transmission; Horses; *Insect Vectors; Population Surveillance |
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A large net trap was used to sample mosquito populations attracted to horses at three sites each in Santa Fe and Rio Negro Provinces, Argentina, during the austral summer of 1984. These provinces, as well as others in Argentina, were affected by a severe epizootic of western equine encephalitis (WEE) during 1982-83. Totals of 2,752 and 6,929 mosquitoes were collected in Santa Fe and Rio Negro Provinces during five and three trap nights, respectively. Culex mosquitoes of the subgenus Culex were predominant (45.8% of total) in the Santa Fe collections, although Aedes albifasciatus also was prevalent (21.7%). The latter species was predominant (95.7% of total) in the Rio Negro collections. The mosquito fauna was less complex (minimum of 6 species) in Rio Negro Province as compared to Santa Fe Province (minimum of 18 species). The advantages of the net trap indicate that this trap can become a useful tool in arbovirus ecology studies in other areas. |
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Division of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, CO 80522-2087 |
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8756-971X |
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Notes |
PMID:2906656 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2686 |
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Author |
Holbrook, A.A. |
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Title |
Biology of equine piroplasmosis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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Volume |
155 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
453-454 |
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Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Babesiosis/*epidemiology; Ecology; Epidemiology; Florida; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology; Horses; Ticks |
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0003-1488 |
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PMID:5816130 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2740 |
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Author |
Madigan, J.E.; Whittemore, J. |
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Title |
The role of the equine practitioner in disasters |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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Volume |
216 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1238-1239 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Husbandry/education; *Animal Welfare; Animals; Disaster Planning; *Horses; *Natural Disasters; United States; *Veterinary Medicine |
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Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis 95616, USA |
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0003-1488 |
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PMID:10767959 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4055 |
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Author |
Robinson Dw, S.L. |
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Title |
The current status of knowledge on the nutrition of equines |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
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J Anim Sci |
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39 |
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1045-1066 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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Serial |
1511 |
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Author |
Murray, R.C.; Branch, M.V.; Dyson, S.J.; Parkin, T.D.H.; Goodship, A.E. |
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Title |
How does exercise intensity and type affect equine distal tarsal subchondral bone thickness? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Physiol |
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Volume |
102 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2194-2200 |
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Abstract |
Adaptation of osteochondral tissues is based on the strains experienced during exercise at each location within the joint. Different exercise intensities and types may induce particular site-specific strains, influencing osteochondral adaptation and potentially predisposing to injury. Our hypotheses were that patterns of equine distal tarsal subchondral bone (SCB) thickness relate to the type and intensity of exercise, and that high-intensity exercise leads to site-specific increases in thickness. SCB thickness was measured at defined dorsal and plantar locations on magnetic resonance images of cadaver tarsi collected from horses with a history of low [general purpose (n=20) and horse walker (n=6)] or high [elite competition (n=12), race training (n=15), and treadmill training (n=4)] exercise intensity. SCB thickness was compared between sites within each exercise group and between exercise groups. SCB thickness in elite competition and race training, but not treadmill training, was greater than low-intensity exercise. For general purpose horses, lateral SCB thickness was greater than medial throughout. Horse walker exercise led to relatively thicker lateral and medial SCB compared with the midline. Elite competition was associated with increased SCB thickness of the proximal small tarsal bones medially and the distal bones laterally. For race training and treadmill training, there were minimal differences between sites overall, although the lateral aspect was greater than medial, and medial greater than midline at a few sites for race training. In conclusion, different types of high-intensity exercise were associated with different patterns of SCB thickness across the joints from medial to lateral and proximal to distal, indicating that both exercise intensity and type of exercise affect the SCB response at any particular site within the equine distal tarsal joints. |
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Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, United Kingdom. rachel.murray@aht.org.uk |
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8750-7587 |
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PMID:17332271 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4021 |
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Author |
Skedros, J.G.; Dayton, M.R.; Sybrowsky, C.L.; Bloebaum, R.D.; Bachus, K.N. |
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Title |
The influence of collagen fiber orientation and other histocompositional characteristics on the mechanical properties of equine cortical bone |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
Publication |
The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Biol |
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209 |
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Pt 15 |
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3025-3042 |
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Animals; Biomechanics; Bone and Bones/*physiology; Collagen/*physiology; Forelimb; Horses/*physiology |
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This study examined relative influences of predominant collagen fiber orientation (CFO), mineralization (% ash), and other microstructural characteristics on the mechanical properties of equine cortical bone. Using strain-mode-specific (S-M-S) testing (compression testing of bone habitually loaded in compression; tension testing of bone habitually loaded in tension), the relative mechanical importance of CFO and other material characteristics were examined in equine third metacarpals (MC3s). This model was chosen since it had a consistent non-uniform strain distribution estimated by finite element analysis (FEA) near mid-diaphysis of a thoroughbred horse, net tension in the dorsal/lateral cortices and net compression in the palmar/medial cortices. Bone specimens from regions habitually loaded in tension or compression were: (1) tested to failure in both axial compression and tension in order to contrast S-M-S vs non-S-M-S behavior, and (2) analyzed for CFO, % ash, porosity, fractional area of secondary osteonal bone, osteon cross-sectional area, and population densities of secondary osteons and osteocyte lacunae. Multivariate multiple regression analyses revealed that in S-M-S compression testing, CFO most strongly influenced total energy (pre-yield elastic energy plus post-yield plastic energy); in S-M-S tension testing CFO most strongly influenced post-yield energy and total energy. CFO was less important in explaining S-M-S elastic modulus, and yield and ultimate stress. Therefore, in S-M-S loading CFO appears to be important in influencing energy absorption, whereas the other characteristics have a more dominant influence in elastic modulus, pre-yield behavior and strength. These data generally support the hypothesis that differentially affecting S-M-S energy absorption may be an important consequence of regional histocompositional heterogeneity in the equine MC3. Data inconsistent with the hypothesis, including the lack of highly longitudinal collagen in the dorsal-lateral ;tension' region, paradoxical histologic organization in some locations, and lack of significantly improved S-M-S properties in some locations, might reflect the absence of a similar habitual strain distribution in all bones. An alternative strain distribution based on in vivo strain measurements, without FEA, on non-Thoroughbreds showing net compression along the dorsal-palmar axis might be more characteristic of the habitual loading of some of the bones that we examined. In turn, some inconsistencies might also reflect the complex torsion/bending loading regime that the MC3 sustains when the animal undergoes a variety of gaits and activities, which may be representative of only a portion of our animals, again reflecting the possibility that not all of the bones examined had similar habitual loading histories. |
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Utah Bone and Joint Center, 5323 S. Woodrow Street #202, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA. jskedros@utahboneandjoint.com |
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0022-0949 |
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PMID:16857886 |
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1868 |
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Author |
Douglas Rh, G.O. |
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Title |
Development of the equine fetus and placenta |
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Journal Article |
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1975 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fert (Suppl) |
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23 |
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495-498 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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Serial |
1023 |
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Author |
Sinclair, M.; Buhrmann, G.; Gummow, B. |
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Title |
An epidemiological investigation of the African horsesickness outbreak in the Western Cape Province of South Africa in 2004 and its relevance to the current equine export protocol |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J S Afr Vet Assoc |
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77 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
191-196 |
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Keywords |
African Horse Sickness/diagnosis/*epidemiology; African horse sickness virus/*isolation & purification; Animals; Ceratopogonidae/virology; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary; Female; Horses; Insect Vectors/virology; Male; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Sentinel Surveillance; South Africa/epidemiology; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage |
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Abstract |
African Horsesickness (AHS) is a controlled disease in South Africa. The country is divided into an infected area and a control area. An outbreak of AHS in the control area can result in a ban of exports for at least 2 years. A retrospective epidemiological study was carried out on data collected during the 2004 AHS outbreak in the surveillance zone of the AHS control area in the Western Cape Province. The objective of this study was to describe the 2004 outbreak and compare it with the 1999 AHS outbreak in the same area. As part of the investigation, a questionnaire survey was conducted in the 30 km radius surrounding the index case. Spatial, temporal and population patterns for the outbreak are described. The investigation found that the outbreak occurred before any significant rainfall and that the main AHS vector (Culicoides imicola) was present in abundance during the outbreak. Furthermore, 63% of cases occurred at temperatures < or = 15 degrees C, the Eerste River Valley was a high risk area, only 17% of owners used vector protection as a control measure and 70% of horses in the outbreak area were protected by means of vaccination at the start of the outbreak. The study revealed that the current AHS control measures do not function optimally because of the high percentage of vaccinated horses in the surveillance zone, which results in insufficient sentinel animals and the consequent failure of the early warning system. Alternative options for control that allow continued export are discussed in the paper. |
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State Veterinarian Epidemiology, Elsenburg, South Africa. marnas@elsenburg.com |
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1019-9128 |
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PMID:17458343 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2354 |
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