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Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Uno, H.; Luttrell, L.M.; Meisner, L.F.; Jeannotte, L.A. |
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Title |
Behavioral retardation in a macaque with autosomal trisomy and aging mother |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
American journal of mental retardation : AJMR |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Am J Ment Retard |
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Volume |
100 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
378-390 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Brain/physiopathology; Female; Hydrocephalus/complications; Longitudinal Studies; Macaca mulatta/*genetics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; *Maternal Age; Psychomotor Disorders/*etiology; Social Behavior; Trisomy/*genetics; X Chromosome |
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Abstract |
The social development of a female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was followed from the day of birth until her death, at age 32 months. The subject, born to an older mother, had an extra autosome (karyotype: 43, XX, +18), an affliction that came about spontaneously. MRI scans revealed that she was also hydrocephalic. Compared to 23 female monkeys growing up under identical conditions, the subject showed serious motor deficiencies, a dramatic delay in the development of social behavior, poorly established dominance relationships, and greater than usual dependency on mother and kin. The subject was well-integrated into the social group, however. |
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University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA |
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English |
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0895-8017 |
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PMID:8718992 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
205 |
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Author |
Salmivalli, C.; Lagerspetz, K.; Björkqvist, K.; Österman, K.; Kaukiainen, A. |
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Title |
Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Aggressive Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aggr. Behav. |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-15 |
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Keywords |
aggressive behavior; peer relations; roles; social acceptance; social groups; victimization |
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Abstract |
Bullying was investigated as a group process, a social phenomenon taking place in a school setting among 573 Finnish sixth-grade children (286 girls, 287 boys) aged 12–13 years. Different Participant Roles taken by individual children in the bullying process were examined and related to a) self-estimated behavior in bullying situations, b) social acceptance and social rejection, and c) belongingness to one of the five sociometric status groups (popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, and average). The Participant Roles assigned to the subject were Victim, Bully, Reinforcer of the bully, Assistant of the bully, Defender of the victim, and Outsider. There were significant sex differences in the distribution of Participant Roles. Boys were more frequently in the roles of Bully, Reinforcer and Assistant, while the most frequent roles of the girls were those of Defender and Outsider. The subjects were moderately well aware of their Participant Roles, although they underestimated their participation in active bullying behavior and emphasized that they acted as Defenders and Outsiders. The sociometric status of the children was found to be connected to their Participant Roles. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
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Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company |
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ISSN |
1098-2337 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5435 |
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Author |
Kroodsma, D. E.; Miller, E. H. (eds) |
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Title |
Ecology and evolution of acoustic communication in birds |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1996 |
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Cornell University Press |
Place of Publication |
Ithaca |
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Kroodsma, D. E.; Miller, E. H. |
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978-0801482212 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2166 |
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Author |
Heyes, C.; Galef, B.G. (eds) |
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Title |
Social learning in animals: the roots of culture |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1996 |
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Academic Press, Inc. |
Place of Publication |
San Diego, CA |
Editor |
Heyes, C. ; Galef, B.G. |
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978-0122739651 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ home |
Serial |
2174 |
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Author |
Fragaszy, D.; Visalberghi, E. |
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Title |
Primates “primacy” reconsidered |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Social learning in animals: the roots of culture |
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65-84 |
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Academic Press, Inc. |
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Heyes, C. ; Galef, B.G. |
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Original Title |
Social learning in animals: the roots of culture |
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978-0122739651 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ home |
Serial |
2175 |
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Author |
Tebbich, S.; Taborsky, M.; Winkler, H. |
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Title |
Social manipulation causes cooperation in keas |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
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Volume |
52 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-10 |
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Abstract. This study assessed whether keas,Nestor notabilis, are able to cooperate in an instrumental task. Seven birds of a captive group were tested in group situations and in dyads. At least two individuals had to manipulate an apparatus to obtain food but only one participant was rewarded. One bird had to push down a lever to enable another one to collect food from a box. The distribution of the two different roles was clearly dependent on hierarchy. The higher ranking individual always obtained the reward and each bird changed its role according to dominance status. Owing to the non-linear hierarchy in the group, each bird participating in cooperative interactions had at least one submissive partner. Therefore, in group situations the reward was distributed symmetrically and cooperation was persistent. In dyadic test situations, three individual keas aggressively manipulated their respective subordinate partners to open the apparatus. Their dominance status enabled them to force cooperation. |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2189 |
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Author |
King, S.R.B |
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Title |
The social behaviour of a bachelor group of Przewalski horses under free-ranging conditions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
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Queen Mary and Westfield College |
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Queen Mary and Westfield College, UK |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2319 |
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Author |
Dixon, J.C. |
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Title |
Pattern discrimination, learning-set and memory in a pony |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Paper Presented at the Midwestern ..? |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3599 |
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Author |
Brückner, Prof. Dr. med. Roland |
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Title |
Dein Pferd, sein Auge, seine Sehweise |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1996 |
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Selbstverlag |
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80 |
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Abstract |
Inhalt u.a.: Das Pferdeauge, Sehorgan eines Weidegängers. Das Gesichtsfeld. Hornhaut und Pupille. Bewegungen des Augenpaares. Die Zusammenkoppelung der Augen. Sehschärfe. Scharfeinstellung des Auges für die Nähe. Stereopsis (“dreidimensionales” Sehen). Verhalten bei Blindheit mit verbundenen Augen. Augenkrankheiten bei Pferden. Überprüfung der Gesundheit des Pferdeauges. |
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Selbstverlag |
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Basel |
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Deutsch |
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fehlt |
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fehlt |
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Reiten Lesen Denken @ eberhardhuebener @ |
Serial |
3994 |
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Author |
Palme, R.; Fischer, P.; Schildorfer, H.; Ismail, M.N. |
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Title |
Excretion of infused 14C-steroid hormones via faeces and urine in domestic livestock |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Animal Reproduction Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
43-63 |
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Keywords |
Sheep--endocrinology; Pig--endocrinology; Pony; 14C-steroids; Faeces; Urine; Blood |
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Abstract |
The aim of this comparative study was to gain more information about the excretion of steroid hormones in farm animals. This should help to establish or improve non-invasive steroid monitoring procedures, especially in zoo and wildlife animals. Over a period of 4 h the 14C-steroid hormones (3.7 MBq) progesterone (three females), testosterone (three males), cortisol and oestrone (two males, two females) were infused intravenously in sheep, ponies and pigs. Faeces were collected immediately after defecation. Urine was sampled via a permanent catheter in females and after spontaneous urination in males. A total of 88 +/- 10% (mean +/- SD) of the administered radioactivity was recovered. Considerable interspecies differences were measured both in the amounts of steroid metabolites excreted via faeces or urine and the time course of excretion. Progesterone and oestrone in ewes, and progesterone in mares were excreted mainly in the faeces (over 75%). The primary route of excretion of all other 14C-steroids was via the urine but to a different extent. In general, sheep showed the highest degree of faecal excretion and pigs the least. The highest radioactivity in urine (per mmol creatinine) was observed during the infusion or in one of the next two samples thereafter, whereas in faeces it was measured about 12 h (sheep), 24 h (ponies) or 48 h (pigs) after the end of the infusion. Thereafter the radioactivity declined and reached background levels within 2-3 weeks. In faeces, steroid metabolites were present mainly in an unconjugated form, but in blood and urine as conjugates. Mean retention time of faecal radioactivity suggested that the passage rate of digesta (duodenum to rectum) played an important role in the time course of the excretion of steroids. The information derived from this investigation could improve the precision of sampling as well as the extraction of steroids from the faeces. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that it should be possible to establish methods for measuring faecal androgen and cortisol metabolites for assessing male reproductive endocrinology and stress in animals. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4069 |
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