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Author |
Morton, D.B. |
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Title |
Self-consciousness and animal suffering |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Biologist (London, England) |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Biologist (London) |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
77-80 |
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Keywords |
Animal Population Groups/*psychology; Animal Welfare/*standards; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Consciousness; Dogs; *Ego; Horses/psychology; Pain/psychology/*veterinary; Pan troglodytes/psychology; Parrots; Pongo pygmaeus/psychology; Self Concept |
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Animals with relatively highly developed brains are likely to experience some degree of self-awareness and the ability to think. As well as being interesting in its own right, self-consciousness matters from an ethical point of view, since it can give rise to forms of suffering above and beyond the immediate physical sensations of pain or distress. This article surveys the evidence for animal self-consciousness and its implications for animal welfare. |
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Division of Primary Care, Public and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. d.b.morton@bham.ac.uk |
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0006-3347 |
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PMID:11190233 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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618 |
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Author |
Gonzalez-Fernandez, J.M.; Atta, S.E. |
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Title |
Facilitated transport of oxygen in the presence of membranes in the diffusion path |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Biophysical Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biophys J |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
133-141 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane/*metabolism; Diffusion; Dogs; Horses; Humans; Kinetics; Mathematics; *Models, Biological; Muscles/*metabolism; Oxygen/*metabolism |
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Most of the experimental observations on facilitated transport have been done with millipore filters, and all the theoretical studies have assumed homogeneous spatial properties. In striated muscle there exist membranes that may impede the diffusion of the carrier myoglobin. In this paper a theoretical study is undertaken to analyze the transport in the presence of membranes in the diffusion path. For the numerical computations physiologically relevant values of the parameters were chosen. The numerical results indicate that the presence of membranes tends to decrease the facilitation. For the nonlinear chemical kinetics of the reaction of oxygen with the carrier, this decrement also depends on the location of the membranes. At the higher oxygen concentration side of each membrane the flow of combined oxygen is transferred to the flow of dissolved oxygen. The reverse process occurs at the lower concentration side. Jump discontinuities of the concentration of the oxygen-carrier compound at each membrane are associated with these transfers. The decrement of facilitation is due to the cumulative effect of these jump discontinuities. |
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0006-3495 |
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PMID:7093418 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3806 |
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Author |
Iwuala, M.O.; Okpala, I. |
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Title |
Studies on the ectoparasitic fauna of Nigerian livestock II: Seasonal infestation rates |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. Bulletin des Sante et Production Animales en Afrique |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bull Anim Health Prod Afr |
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26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
351-359 |
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Keywords |
Animal Diseases/*epidemiology; Animals; Cattle; Dogs; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology/*veterinary; Goats; Horses; Nigeria; Seasons; Sheep; Swine |
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0378-9721 |
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PMID:756759 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2695 |
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Author |
Iwuala, M.O.; Okpala, I. |
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Title |
Studies on the ectoparasitic fauna of Nigerian livestock I: Types and distribution patterns on hosts' |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. Bulletin des Sante et Production Animales en Afrique |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bull Anim Health Prod Afr |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
339-350 |
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Keywords |
Animal Diseases/*epidemiology; Animals; Cattle; Dogs; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology/*veterinary; Goats; Horses; Nigeria; Sheep; Swine |
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0378-9721 |
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PMID:756758 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2696 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Animal behavior as a subject for veterinary students |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
The Cornell veterinarian |
Abbreviated Journal |
Cornell Vet |
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66 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
73-81 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cats; Chickens; Dogs; Education, Veterinary; Goats; Horses; Humans; Maternal Behavior; Mice; New York; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Sheep; Sleep; Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Swine |
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Knowledge of animal behavior is an important asset for the veterinarian; therefore a course in veterinary animal behavior is offered at the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine as an elective. The course emphasizes the behavior of those species of most interest to the practicing veterinarian: cats, dogs, horses, cows, pigs and sheep. Dominance heirarchies, animal communication, aggressive behavior, sexual behavior and maternal behavior are discussed. Play, learning, diurnal cycles of activity and sleep, and controls of ingestive behavior are also considered. Exotic and zoo animal behaviors are also presented by experts in these fields. The critical periods of canine development are related to the optimum management of puppies. The behavior of feral dogs and horses is described. The role of the veterinarian in preventing cruelty to animals and recognition of pain in animals is emphasized. Whenever possible behavior is observed in the laboratory or on film. |
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0010-8901 |
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PMID:767053 |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
61 |
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Author |
Gácsi, M; Györi, B; Miklósi, Á; Virányi, Z; Kubinyi, E; Topál,J; Csányi, V |
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Title |
Species-specific differences and similarities in the behavior of hand-raised dog and wolf pups in social situations with humans |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Developmental Psychobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dev Psychobiol |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
111-122 |
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Keywords |
hand-raising • domestication • inborn social preferences • communicative signals • dog • wolf |
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In order to reveal early species-specific differences, we observed the behavior of dog puppies (n = 11) and wolf pups (n = 13) hand raised and intensively socialized in an identical way. The pups were studied in two object-preference tests at age 3, 4, and 5 weeks. After a short isolation, we observed the subjects' behavior in the presence of a pair of objects, one was always the subject's human foster parent (caregiver) and the other was varied; nursing bottle (3 weeks), unfamiliar adult dog (3 and 5 weeks), unfamiliar experimenter (4 and 5 weeks), and familiar conspecific age mate (4 weeks). Dogs and wolves did not differ in their general activity level during the tests. Wolf pups showed preference for the proximity of the caregiver in two of the tests; Bottle-Caregiver at the age of 3 weeks and Experimenter-Caregiver at the age of 5 weeks, while dogs showed preference to the caregiver in three tests; conspecific Pup-Caregiver and Experimenter-Caregiver at the age of 4 weeks and dog-caregiver at the age of 5. Compared to wolves, dogs tended to display more communicative signals that could potentially facilitate social interactions, such as distress vocalization, tail wagging, and gazing at the humans' face. In contrast to dog puppies, wolf pups showed aggressive behavior toward a familiar experimenter and also seemed to be more prone to avoidance. Our results demonstrate that already at this early age - despite unprecedented intensity of socialization and the comparable social (human) environment during early development - there are specific behavioral differences between wolves and dogs mostly with regard to their interactions with humans. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 47 – 111-122, 2005. |
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Department of Ethology, Eötvös University, Budapest, Pázmány P. 1/c. 1117 Hungary; Comparative Ethology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Pázmány P. 1/c. 1117 Hungary |
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Copyright © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4985 |
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Author |
Adler, L.L.; Adler, H.E. |
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Title |
Ontogeny of observational learning in the dog (Canis familiaris) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1977 |
Publication |
Developmental Psychobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dev Psychobiol |
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10 |
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3 |
Pages |
267-271 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Dogs/*physiology; Female; Learning/*physiology; Male; Vision, Ocular/physiology |
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A split-litter technique was used to test observational learning in 4 litters of Miniature Dachshund puppies, 21, 28, 38, and 60 days old at the beginning of the experiment. In one side of a duplicate cage, one puppy of a litter, the demonstrator, learned to pull in a food cart on a runner by means of a ribbon, while another puppy, the observer, watched from an adjacent compartment, separated by a wire screen. Observational learning was demonstrated by the saving in time for the 1st trial when the observer was given the same problem to solve. Maturation, particularly the development of visual function and motor coordination, set a lower age limit for the emergence of observational learning. |
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0012-1630 |
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PMID:863122 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5186 |
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Author |
Hazem, A.S. |
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Title |
[Collective review: Salmonella paratyphi in animals and in the environment] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
296-303 |
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Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Bird Diseases/epidemiology; Brachyura; Cat Diseases/epidemiology; Cats; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Ecology; Environment; Fish Diseases/epidemiology; Germany, West; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Mollusca; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*epidemiology; *Salmonella paratyphi A; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; Snails; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology |
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German |
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Sammelreferat: Salmonella paratyphi bei Tieren und in der Umwelt |
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0341-6593 |
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PMID:352661 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2698 |
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Author |
Nosek, J. |
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The ecology and public health importance of Dermacentor marginatus and D. reticulatus ticks in Central Europe |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Folia Parasitologica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Parasitol (Praha) |
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19 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
93-102 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Birds; Cattle; Czechoslovakia; Deer; Dermacentor/physiology; Dogs; Ecology; Encephalitis, Tick-Borne; Europe; Female; Goats; Horses; Insectivora; Male; Mice; Rodentia; Sheep; Swine; *Ticks |
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0015-5683 |
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PMID:4670812 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2720 |
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Author |
Dreschel, N.A.; Granger, D.A. |
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Title |
Methods of collection for salivary cortisol measurement in dogs |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Horm. Behav. |
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55 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
163-168 |
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Dog; Canine; Salivary cortisol; Methods; Measurement; Stress |
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Salivary cortisol has been increasingly used as a measure of stress response in studies of welfare, reaction to stress and human–animal interactions in dogs and other species. While it can be a very useful measure, there are a number of saliva collection issues made evident through studies in the human and animal fields which have not been investigated in the canine species. Collection materials and the volume of saliva that is collected; the use of salivary stimulants; and the effect of food contamination can all dramatically impact cortisol measurement, leading to spurious results. In order to further examine the limitations of the collection method and the effects of collection material and salivary stimulant on salivary cortisol levels, a series of clinical, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed. It was found that there is a large amount of inter- and intra-individual variation in salivary cortisol measurement. Beef flavoring of collection materials leads to unpredictable variability in salivary cortisol concentration. Using salivary stimulants such as citric acid also has the potential to affect cortisol concentration measurement in saliva. Hydrocellulose appears to be a useful collection material for salivary cortisol determination. Recommendations for collection materials and use of salivary stimulants are presented. |
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0018-506x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5560 |
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