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Konstantinov, S.A.; Veselkin, A.G. |
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Title |
[The intensity and efficiency of a gadfly attack on cattle depending on the number and location of the animals in the herd] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Parazitologiia |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Parazitologiia |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-10 |
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Animals; Cattle/*parasitology; Diptera/*physiology; Ecology; Insect Bites and Stings/parasitology/*veterinary; Russia |
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Abstract |
The effect of group was studied on cattle being attacked by horse flies of three genera. The method of simultaneous registrations of attacking horse flies in herds of 8 to 100 animals and on single cows was used. It has been shown that the effect of group reveals itself only when animals in the herd reach a certain minimum number, the effect rate depending on peculiarities of attacking of a given species of bloodsuckers, such as a part of responding individuals, distance of an attack, duration of contact with an object. These parameters tend to change with increasing number of animals in the herd. Therefore differences in the intensity of attacks on herds with different cattle stock cannot be explained proceeding only from differences in the occupied areas. The number of attacking horse flies decreases from the periphery of the herd to its centre and is not the same in different parts of the periphery. The effectiveness of attacking, ie the part of sucking individuals of a given species (genus) from the number of horse flies attacking for a definite period of time, is the highest in a large herd and increases in its ranges from the periphery to the centre. This dependence leads to a more even distribution of sucking individuals as compared to attacking ones. |
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Russian |
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Intensivnost' i effektivnost' napadeniia slepnei na krupnyi rogatyi skot v zavisimosti ot chisla i mestopolozheniia zhivotnykh v stade |
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0031-1847 |
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PMID:2524028 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2674 |
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Mormède, P.; Andanson, S.; Aupérin, B.; Beerda, B.; Guémené, D.; Malmkvist, J.; Manteca, X.; Manteuffel, G.; Prunet, P.; van Reenen, C.G.; Richard, S.; Veissier, I. |
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Title |
Exploration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function as a tool to evaluate animal welfare |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
317-339 |
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Keywords |
Stress; Animal welfare; HPA axis; Glucocorticoid hormones; Acth; Dexamethasone suppression test; Cattle; Pig; Fur animals; Mink; Fox; Poultry; Fish |
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Abstract |
Measuring HPA axis activity is the standard approach to the study of stress and welfare in farm animals. Although the reference technique is the use of blood plasma to measure glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol or corticosterone), several alternative methods such as the measurement of corticosteroids in saliva, urine or faeces have been developed to overcome the stress induced by blood sampling itself. In chronic stress situations, as is frequently the case in studies about farm animal welfare, hormonal secretions are usually unchanged but dynamic testing allows the demonstration of functional changes at several levels of the system, including the sensitization of the adrenal cortex to ACTH and the resistance of the axis to feedback inhibition by corticosteroids (dexamethasone suppression test). Beyond these procedural aspects, the main pitfall in the use of HPA axis activity is in the interpretation of experimental data. The large variability of the system has to be taken into consideration, since corticosteroid hormone secretion is usually pulsatile, follows diurnal and seasonal rhythms, is influenced by feed intake and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, age and physiological state, just to cite the main sources of variation. The corresponding changes reflect the important role of glucocorticoid hormones in a number of basic physiological processes such as energy metabolism and central nervous system functioning. Furthermore, large differences have been found across species, breeds and individuals, which reflect the contribution of genetic factors and environmental influences, especially during development, in HPA axis functioning. Usually, these results will be integrated with data from behavioral observation, production and pathology records in a comprehensive approach of farm animal welfare. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4454 |
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Author |
Forkman, B.; Boissy, A.; Meunier-Salaün, M.-C.; Canali, E.; Jones, R.B. |
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Title |
A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
340-374 |
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Fear; Cattle; Sheep; Pig; Poultry; Horse; Open field; Tonic immobility; Novel object |
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FORKMAN, B., A., BOISSY, M.-C., SALAUN, E., CANALI, AND R.B., JONES. A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 000-000, 2007. Fear is arguably the most commonly investigated emotion in domestic animals. In the current review we attempt to establish the level of repeatability and validity found for fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, poultry and horses. We focus the review on the three most common types of fear tests: the arena test (open field), the novel object test, and the restraint test. For some tests, e.g. tonic immobility in poultry, there is a good and broad literature on factors that affect the outcome of the test, the validity of the test and its age dependency. However, there are comparatively few of these well defined and validated tests and what is especially missing for most tests is information on the robustness, i.e., what aspects can be changed without affecting the validity of the tests. The relative absence of standardized tests hampers the development of applied ethology as a science. |
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0031-9384 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4811 |
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Author |
Bell, F.R. |
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Title |
Sleep in the larger domesticated animals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc R Soc Med |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
176-177 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cattle/*physiology; Dreams; Electroencephalography; Goats/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Posture; Sheep/*physiology; *Sleep; Sleep, REM |
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0035-9157 |
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PMID:4343589 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2826 |
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Author |
Permyakov, S.E.; Khokhlova, T.I.; Nazipova, A.A.; Zhadan, A.P.; Morozova-Roche, L.A.; Permyakov, E.A. |
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Title |
Calcium-binding and temperature induced transitions in equine lysozyme: new insights from the pCa-temperature “phase diagrams” |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proteins |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proteins |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
984-998 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Apoproteins/chemistry/metabolism; Binding Sites; Calcium/chemistry/*metabolism; Cattle; Edetic Acid/metabolism; Horses/metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactalbumin/chemistry/metabolism; Muramidase/*chemistry/*metabolism; Protein Denaturation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; *Temperature; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan/chemistry/metabolism |
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The most universal approach to the studies of metal binding properties of single-site metal binding proteins, i.e., construction of a “phase diagram” in coordinates of free metal ion concentration-temperature, has been applied to equine lysozyme (EQL). EQL has one relatively strong calcium binding site and shows two thermal transitions, but only one of them is Ca(2+)-dependent. It has been found that the Ca(2+)-dependent behavior of the low temperature thermal transition (I) of EQL can be adequately described based upon the simplest four-states scheme of metal- and temperature-induced structural changes in a protein. All thermodynamic parameters of this scheme were determined experimentally and used for construction of the EQL phase diagram in the pCa-temperature space. Comparison of the phase diagram with that for alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA), a close homologue of lysozyme, allows visualization of the differences in thermodynamic behavior of the two proteins. The thermal stability of apo-EQL (transition I) closely resembles that for apo-alpha-LA (mid-temperature 25 degrees C), while the thermal stabilities of their Ca(2+)-bound forms are almost indistinguishable. The native state of EQL has three orders of magnitude lower affinity for Ca(2+) in comparison with alpha-LA while its thermally unfolded state (after the I transition) has about one order lower (K = 15M(-1)) affinity for calcium. Circular dichroism studies of the apo-lysozyme state after the first thermal transition show that it shares common features with the molten globule state of alpha-LA. |
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Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia |
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ISSN |
1097-0134 |
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Notes |
PMID:17022083 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1858 |
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Author |
Goncalves, T.C.; Rocha, D.S.; Cunha, R.A. |
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Title |
Feeding patterns of Triatoma vitticeps in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Revista de Saude Publica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev Saude Publica |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
348-352 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Brazil; Cattle; Chagas Disease/transmission; Dogs; Ecology; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Food Habits/physiology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*physiology; Male; Triatoma/*physiology; *Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification |
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Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: Feeding patterns of triatomines have contributed to elucidate its biology. Triatoma vitticeps, naturally infected with T. cruzi, has been found in domiciles. Its behavior and epidemiological patterns were investigated. METHODS: One-hundred and twenty two specimens of T. vitticeps were captured from February 1989 to April 1993 in two areas of Triunfo municipality, a subdistrict of Santa Maria Madalena municipal district, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The insects were dissected and their intestinal contents were removed and tested. It was used antisera from: man, cow, horse, dog, pig, armadillo, opossum, rodent, and bird. RESULTS: From the total analyzed, 79 were positive and 43 were negative to the nine antisera tested: armadillo (30.3%) > human and pig (13.1%) > bird and dog (11.5%) > horse (5.7%) > opossum (4.9%) > rodent (4. 1%) > cow (3.3%). Blood meals ranged from 0 to 4 and 6 in the following distribution: 0 = 25.41%; 1 = 45.08%; 2 = 10.66%; 3 = 6. 56%; 4 = 1.64%, and 6 = 0.82%. Nine of the 122 insects captured were not examined, 74 (65.54%) were positive for T. cruzi infection and 39 (34.51%) were negative. CONCLUSIONS: These results identified the T. vitticeps as being a sylvatic species and trypanosomiasis as being an enzootic disease. Epidemiological vigilance will be important to provide more information regarding the behavior of the species |
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Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto swaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. tcmonte@gene.dbbm.fiocruz.br |
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0034-8910 |
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Notes |
PMID:10973153 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2650 |
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Author |
Buttiker, W. |
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Title |
[Preliminary report on eye-frequenting butterflies in the Ivory Coast] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Revue Suisse de Zoologie; Annales de la Societe Zoologique Suisse et du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev Suisse Zool |
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Volume |
80 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-43 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Cote d'Ivoire; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/*veterinary; *Eye; Horses; *Insects; *Parasites; Sheep |
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German |
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Original Title |
Vorlaufige Beobachtungen an augenbesuchenden Schmetterlingen in der Elfenbeinkuste |
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0035-418X |
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PMID:4354354 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2716 |
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Author |
Landaeta-Hernández, A. J.; Chenoweth, P. J.; Randles, R.; Littell, R.; Rae, O.; Chase, C. C. |
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Title |
Identifying the social dominance order in a mixed breed herd: a practical methodology |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Revista Científica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Revista Científica |
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15 |
Issue |
2 |
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148-154 |
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Cattle, behavior, social organization |
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The major objective of this study was to identify a simple and accurate method of assessing differences in female social status. Three methods of estimating dominance value (DV) were compared in beef cows of three breed-types; Angus (A; n=10), Brahman (B; n=10), and Senepol (S; n=10). Cows were equitably assigned to two groups of fifteen each, allocated into separate pastures and containing equal number of animals by breed. Agonistic interactions were recorded for 45 d of study, in two 1 h periods during concentrate feeding using the method of competitive orders winner/loser. Methods of estimating DV included: I) Ratio between individuals dominated and total encountered, II) Ratio between encounters won to total encounters, III) Proportion of individuals dominated to total herdmates. Due to the different level of interactivity evidenced among animals as well as between and within social orders, method III with subsequent arc-sin transformation was considered as the most practical and accurate method for estimating DV and subsequent allocation of cows into a social dominance order. In addition, a breed effect was found on social dominance. Senepol cows obtained greater DV`s (1.24 ± 0.08) than Angus (0.97 ± 0.08; P<0.03) and Brahman cows (0.76 ± 0.08; P<0.005). |
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0798-2259 |
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yes |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4753 |
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Author |
Smith, D.G.; Pearson, R.A. |
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Title |
A review of the factors affecting the survival of donkeys in semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Tropical Animal Health and Production |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trop Anim Health Prod |
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Volume |
37 Suppl 1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-19 |
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Keywords |
Africa South of the Sahara; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Equidae/growth & development/*physiology; Socioeconomic Factors |
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Abstract |
The large fluctuations seen in cattle populations during periods of drought in sub-Saharan Africa are not evident in the donkey population. Donkeys appear to have a survival advantage over cattle that is increasingly recognized by smallholder farmers in their selection of working animals. The donkey's survival advantages arise from both socioeconomic and biological factors. Socioeconomic factors include the maintenance of a low sustainable population of donkeys owing to their single-purpose role and their low social status. Also, because donkeys are not usually used as a meat animal and can provide a regular income as a working animal, they are not slaughtered in response to drought, as are cattle. Donkeys have a range of physiological and behavioural adaptations that individually provide small survival advantages over cattle but collectively may make a large difference to whether or not they survive drought. Donkeys have lower maintenance costs as a result of their size and spend less energy while foraging for food; lower energy costs result in a lower dry matter intake (DMI) requirement. In donkeys, low-quality diets are digested almost as efficiently as in ruminants and, because of a highly selective feeding strategy, the quality of diet obtained by donkeys in a given pasture is higher than that obtained by cattle. Lower energy costs of walking, longer foraging times per day and ability to tolerate thirst may allow donkeys to access more remote, under-utilized sources of forage that are inaccessible to cattle on rangeland. As donkeys become a more popular choice of working animal for farmers, specific management practices need to be devised that allow donkeys to fully maximize their natural survival advantages. |
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Department of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland, UK. d.g.smith@abdn.ac.uk |
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0049-4747 |
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Notes |
PMID:16335068 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4231 |
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Author |
Beaver, B.V. |
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Title |
Problems & values associated with dominance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Veterinary medicine, small animal clinician : VM, SAC |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Med Small Anim Clin |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1129-1131 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; Cats; Cattle; Dogs; Horses; *Social Dominance; Swine |
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0042-4889 |
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PMID:6914851 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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678 |
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