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Author Cameron, E.Z. doi  openurl
  Title Facultative adjustment of mammalian sex ratios in support of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis: evidence for a mechanism Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc Biol Sci  
  Volume 271 Issue 1549 Pages 1723-1728  
  Keywords Age Factors; Animals; Body Constitution; *Evolution; Female; Glucose/metabolism/physiology; Litter Size; Male; Mammals/*physiology; *Models, Biological; Reproduction/physiology; Seasons; Sex Factors; *Sex Ratio; Time Factors  
  Abstract Evolutionary theory predicts that mothers of different condition should adjust the birth sex ratio of their offspring in relation to future reproductive benefits. Published studies addressing variation in mammalian sex ratios have produced surprisingly contradictory results. Explaining the source of such variation has been a challenge for sex-ratio theory, not least because no mechanism for sex-ratio adjustment is known. I conducted a meta-analysis of previous mammalian sex-ratio studies to determine if there are any overall patterns in sex-ratio variation. The contradictory nature of previous results was confirmed. However, studies that investigated indices of condition around conception show almost unanimous support for the prediction that mothers in good condition bias their litters towards sons. Recent research on the role of glucose in reproductive functioning have shown that excess glucose favours the development of male blastocysts, providing a potential mechanism for sex-ratio variation in relation to maternal condition around conception. Furthermore, many of the conflicting results from studies on sex-ratio adjustment would be explained if glucose levels in utero during early cell division contributed to the determination of offspring sex ratios.  
  Address Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa. ezcameron@zoology.up.ac.za  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0962-8452 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15306293 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 413  
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Author Thackeray, J.F. openurl 
  Title Zebras from wonderwerk cave, northern Cape province, South Africa: attempts to distinguish Equus burchelli and E. quagga Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication South African journal of science Abbreviated Journal (up) Suid- Afrikaanse Tydsskrif vir Wetenskap  
  Volume 84 Issue Pages 99-101  
  Keywords Cape Province; Teeth; Statistical analysis; Equidae; Hippomorpha; South Africa; Southern Africa; Perissodactyla; Mammalia; Vertebrata  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0038-2353 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1644  
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Author Creel, S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social dominance and stress hormones Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal (up) Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume 16 Issue 9 Pages 491-497  
  Keywords Dominance; rank; stress; glucocorticoids; cooperative breeding; sociality; behavioural endocrinology; mammals  
  Abstract In most cooperatively breeding birds and mammals, reproductive rates are lower for social subordinates than for dominants, and it is common for reproduction in subordinates to be completely suppressed. Early research conducted in captivity showed that losing fights can increase glucocorticoid (GC) secretion, a general response to stress. Because GCs can suppress reproduction, it has been widely argued that chronic stress might underlie reproductive suppression of social subordinates in cooperative breeders. Contradicting this hypothesis, recent studies of cooperative breeders in the wild show that dominant individuals have elevated GCs more often than do subordinates. The findings that elevated GCs can be a consequence of subordination or a cost of dominance complicate the conventional view of social stress, with broad ramifications for the evolution of dominance and reproductive suppression.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4072  
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Author Wilson, D.A.; Stevenson, R.J. url  openurl
  Title The fundamental role of memory in olfactory perception Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Trends in Neurosciences Abbreviated Journal (up) Trends. Neurosci.  
  Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 243-247  
  Keywords olfactory perception mammals  
  Abstract Current emphasis on odorant physiochemical features as the basis for perception largely ignores the synthetic and experience-dependent nature of olfaction. Olfaction is synthetic, as mammals have only limited ability to identify elements within even simple odor mixtures. Furthermore, olfaction is experience-bound, as exposure alone can significantly affect the extent to which stimuli can be discriminated. We propose that early analytical processing of odors is inaccessible at the behavioral level and that all odors are initially encoded as `objects' in the piriform cortex. Moreover, we suggest that odor perception is wholly dependent on the integrity of this memory system and that its loss severely impairs normal perception.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 795  
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Author Sukhomlinov, B.F.; Korobov, V.N.; Gonchar, M.V.; Datsiuk, L.A.; Korzhev, V.A. openurl 
  Title [Comparative analysis of the peroxidase activity of myoglobins in mammals] Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Zhurnal Evoliutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii Abbreviated Journal (up) Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol  
  Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 37-41  
  Keywords Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Ecology; *Evolution; Kinetics; Mammals/*metabolism; Myoglobin/*metabolism; Peroxidases/*metabolism  
  Abstract Studies have been made on the peroxidase activity of metmyoglobins in animals from various ecological groups--the horse Equus caballus, cattle Bos taurus, beaver Castor fiber, otter Lutra lutra, mink Mustela vison and dog Canis familiaris. It was found that the level of this activity in diving animals depends on the duration of their diving, whereas in terrestrial species--on the strength of muscular contraction.  
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  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title Sravnitel'nyi analiz peroksidaznoi aktivnosti mioglobinov u mlekopitaiushchikh  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0044-4529 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3564776 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2681  
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Author Wang, L.Y. openurl 
  Title Host preference of mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis Type Journal Article
  Year 1975 Publication Zhonghua Minguo wei Sheng wu xue za zhi = Chinese Journal of Microbiology Abbreviated Journal (up) Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Xue Za Zhi  
  Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 274-279  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Birds/blood; *Culex; Ecology; Encephalitis, Japanese/*transmission; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; *Insect Vectors; Mammals/blood; Species Specificity; Taiwan  
  Abstract The host preference of 4 Culex mosquito species collected in Miaoli and Pingtung counties, Taiwan was studied by capillary precipitin method. Antisera to alum-precipitated sera of man, bovine, swine, rabbit, horse, dog, cat, mouse, chicken, duck, and pigeon were produced in rabbits and reacted with 758 mosquito blood meals among which reactions to one or more antisera. Culex annulus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus showed a great avidity for pig, and Culex fuscocephala for bovine. Culex pipiens fatigans was ornithophilic. None of 110 C. t. summorosus and 2.4% of 223 C. annulus had fed on man. Among 66 samples of C.p. fatigans tested 10.3% had fed on man, while none of 359 C. fuscocephala did. It seems that the latter does not act as a primary vector of Japanese encephalitis.  
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  ISSN 0009-4587 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:181218 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2702  
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