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	Author	Fischhoff, I.R.; Sundaresan, S.R.; Cordingley, J.; Rubenstein, D.I.
	Title	*Habitat use and movements of plains zebra (Equus burchelli) in response to predation danger from lions*			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioral Ecology	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Ecol.
	Volume	18	Issue	4	Pages	725-729
	Keywords
	Abstract	Prey species must adapt their behavior to avoid predation. As a key prey item for lions (Panthera leo), plains zebras (Equus burchelli) were expected to respond to immediate threats posed by lions in their area. In addition, zebras were predicted to exhibit behavior tuned to reduce the potential for encounters with lions, by modifying their movement patterns in the times of day and habitats of greatest lion danger. We studied a population of approximately 600 plains zebra living in Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Kenya. We found that zebra abundance on or near a grassland patch was lower if lions had also been observed on that patch during the same day. Predation danger was highest in grassland habitat during the night, when lions were more active. Zebra sightings and global positioning system radio collar data indicated that zebras also reduced their use of grassland at night, instead using more woodland habitat. Zebras moved faster and took sharper turns in grassland at night. It is hypothesized that these more erratic movements assist zebras in avoiding detection or capture by lions.
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	Notes	10.1093/beheco/arm036			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4360
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	Author	Krause, J.; Croft, D.; James, R.
	Title	Social network theory in the behavioural sciences: potential applications			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
	Volume	62	Issue	1	Pages	15-27
	Keywords	Social networks – Social organisation – Mate choice – Disease transmission – Information transfer – Cooperation
	Abstract	Abstract Social network theory has made major contributions to our understanding of human social organisation but has found relatively little application in the field of animal behaviour. In this review, we identify several broad research areas where the networks approach could greatly enhance our understanding of social patterns and processes in animals. The network theory provides a quantitative framework that can be used to characterise social structure both at the level of the individual and the population. These novel quantitative variables may provide a new tool in addressing key questions in behavioural ecology particularly in relation to the evolution of social organisation and the impact of social structure on evolutionary processes. For example, network measures could be used to compare social networks of different species or populations making full use of the comparative approach. However, the networks approach can in principle go beyond identifying structural patterns and also can help with the understanding of processes within animal populations such as disease transmission and information transfer. Finally, understanding the pattern of interactions in the network (i.e. who is connected to whom) can also shed some light on the evolution of behavioural strategies.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5171
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	Author	Zentall, T.R.
	Title	Temporal discrimination learning by pigeons			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	74	Issue	2	Pages	286-292
	Keywords
	Abstract	Memory for time by animals appears to undergo a systematic shortening. This so-called choose-short effect can be seen in a conditional temporal discrimination when a delay is inserted between the sample and comparison stimuli. We have proposed that this temporal shortening may result from a procedural artifact in which the delay appears similar to the intertrial interval and thus, produces an inadvertent ambiguity or 'instructional failure'. When this ambiguity is avoided by distinguishing the intertrial interval from the delay, as well as the samples from the delay, the temporal shortening effect and other asymmetries often disappear. By avoiding artifacts that can lead to a misinterpretation of results, we may understand better how animals represent time. An alternative procedure for studying temporal discriminations is with the psychophysical bisection procedure in which following conditional discrimination training, intermediate durations are presented and the point of subjective equality is determined. Research using the bisection procedure has shown that pigeons represent temporal durations not only as their absolute value but also relative to durations from which they must be discriminated. Using this procedure, we have also found that time passes subjectively slower when animals are required to respond to the to-be-timed stimulus.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States. zentall@uky.edu
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	ISSN	0376-6357	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	PMID:17110057			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	216
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	Author	Hall, C.
	Title	The impact of visual perception on equine learning			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue		Pages	29-33
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	619
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	Author	Ninomiya, S.
	Title	Social leaning and stereotypy in horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue		Pages	22-23
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	620
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	Author	Leblanc, M.-A.; Duncan, P.
	Title	Can studies of cognitive abilities and of life in the wild really help us to understand equine learning?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue		Pages	49-52
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	621
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	Author	McCall, C.A.
	Title	Making equine learning research applicable to training procedures			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue	1	Pages	27-28
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	623
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	Author	Sigurjónsdóttir , H.
	Title	Equine learning behaviour: The importance of evolutionary and ecological approach in research			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue		Pages	40-42
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	624
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	Author	Krueger, K.; Flauger, B.
	Title	Social learning in horses from a novel perspective			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue	1	Pages	37-39
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	625
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	Author	Heitor, F.; Vicente, L.
	Title	Learning about horses: What is equine learning all about?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue	1	Pages	34-36
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	627
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