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Author Dalla Costa, E.; Rabolini, A.; Scelsa, A.; Canali, E.; Minero, M. pdf  openurl
  Title A study on inter-observer reliability of castration pain assessment in horses Type Conference Article
  Year 2012 Publication Proceedings of the 2. International Equine Science Meeting Abbreviated Journal (down) Proc. 2. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg  
  Volume in press Issue Pages  
  Keywords Horse, Pain, Behavior, inter-observer reliability  
  Abstract Pain evaluation is a key issue for equine welfare and it is often cause of concern because it is difficult to determine its intensity and duration. This is essential when different people are looking after the animals and they need to decide when or not giving analgesics to guarantee the welfare of the subject. The most widely used technique to determine pain in horses is identifying pain related behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine inter-observer reliability of two different assessors evaluating pain related behaviors in horses undergoing castration. 8 stallions of different breed, aged between 2 and 4 years, were included in the study. All the subjects underwent routine castration (closed technique in general anesthesia). The subjects were placed in an observation box for 5 days and their behavior was recorded for 15 minutes before the surgery and 4, 8, 16, 24 and 40 hours after intervention. Two blind observers, using a given ethogram of horse pain related behaviors modified from literature (for a review Ashley, 2005), analyzed horses behavior at each interval. Descriptive statistics and K Kendall test were performed. Observers agreed significantly assessing agitation, reluctance to move, kicking the abdomen, lethargy, rolling, attention and curiosity (P<0.05), however agreement was low for head movements, stretching, flank watching, lowered head carriage, weight shifting, abnormal movement, fixed stare. Our results show that assessing pain in horses should be a cause of concern, because different pain related behaviors are difficult to identify and to have agreement between two observers. Training of care takers of horses on identification of specific behaviors is needed to standardize pain assessment. Acknowledgements: The authors wish to thank the EU VII Framework programme (FP7-KBBE-2010-4) for financing the Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) project and for providing funds for Emanuela Dalla Costa and Michela Minero to present this paper.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Dalla Costa, E. Thesis  
  Publisher Xenophon Publishing Place of Publication Wald Editor Krueger, K.;  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-3-9808134-26 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5579  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ermilina, J.A. pdf  openurl
  Title Dominance hierarchy in feral horses in Rostov Region Type Conference Article
  Year 2012 Publication Proceedings of the 2. International Equine Science Meeting Abbreviated Journal (down) Proc. 2. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg  
  Volume in press Issue Pages  
  Keywords feral horse, island population, dominance, hierarchy  
  Abstract Horses maintain the social structure through the establishment of dominant-subordinate hierarchical relationships, both within and between groups. The object of study was the feral horse population, living on the Vodnyi Isl, Manych-Ghudilo Lake, on the territory of Rostov Region, S Russia the State Nature Biosphere Reserve “Rostov”. The social structure of this population is represented by the harem and bachelor groups, and their variety – the “mixed”groups, the presence and composition of which is atypical for the populations of feral horses. The main objectives of this work were to identify the hierarchical structure of different types of social groups and the role of the stallions in them, defining the dominance rank of animals. The method of continuous logging occurred aggressive reaction, ritualized interaction between stallions, take into account the direction of interactions between individuals. We observed 5 harem, 3 bachelor and 3 mixed groups. Each group was studied for a total of 60 h (8 h per group per days).Behavioral observations were carried out in summer 2009-2011. Based on the number and direction of aggressive interactions the hierarchical coefficient was calculated for individual horses (Ivanov et al, 2007). Harem group consists of an adult stallion (<5 years old) and a few mares with their offspring. Our observations of harem groups confirm the previously known information about this type of social groups (Berger, 1986; Carson, Wood-Gush, 1983, Keiper, 1983). Hierarchical system between mares is close to linear with reversal. The stallion is not included in the hierarchy of the mares; he is the leader and serves to maintain the integrity of the group and inter-group hierarchy, and has reproductive function. Bachelor groups consist of stallions 2-3 years and older who do not have their own harem. It is known that dominance hierarchy in these groups is linear, young males or males who recently had joined the group have low ranks (Berger, 1977; Houpt, Keiper, 1982; Kirillov Paklina, 1990). In observed bachelor groups dominant stallion have a significantly higher rank in the hierarchy. However, among other stallions is not always observed strict linear hierarchy – some individuals have very similar ranks. Function of managing the group and maintaining the intergroup hierarchy can be distributed among the all stallions in the group. Mixed groups are composed of several mature stallions, one or more mares (sometimes with the offspring). In the study population in this type of social groups animals may be mature (age 5 and older) and semi-mature (2-5 years). The hierarchy of these atypical groups has not been studied. In the studied 3 mixed groups stallions have very similar hierarchical rank, dominant and subordinate stallions share a function of managing the group, participation in ritualized interactions. Our studies have revealed the plasticity of the hierarchical structure of groups of horses and the need to further investigate the distribution of social roles among stallions.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Ermilina, J.A. Thesis  
  Publisher Xenophon Publishing Place of Publication Wald Editor Krueger, K.;  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-3-9808134-26 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5580  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Flauger, B.; Krueger, K. pdf  openurl
  Title Social feeding decisions in horses (Equus caballus) Type Conference Article
  Year 2012 Publication Proceedings of the 2. International Equine Science Meeting Abbreviated Journal (down) Proc. 2. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg  
  Volume in press Issue Pages  
  Keywords Feeding decision; Horse; Rank; Social behaviour  
  Abstract Like many other herbivores equids feed on rather evenly distributed resources. Especially in ruminants several studies have proved the influence of social organisations, rank, sex and the depletion of feeding sites on the feeding behaviour of individuals. However, it is not yet understood whether social aspects affect horses´ feeding decisions. Horses roam on vast habitats with constantly changing vegetation. In non-competitive situations domestic horses tend to return to the same feeding site until it is overgrazed. Whereas, for competition over limited food the social status of the individuals appears to be important. Curiosity about the influence of social rank and different social feeding conditions on the horses´ feeding decisions between two buckets, equally filled with high-quality surplus food, led us to create the test situation described here. The observer horses were alternately tested with a dominant and a subordinate demonstrator placed in one of three different positions. We conclude that domestic horses use cognitive strategic decision making in order to decide where to feed in a social feeding situation. When possible they tend to return to the same, continuously supplied feeding site and switch to an “avoidance tendency” when another horse is already feeding from it or in the presence of a dominant horse. Thus the position and the social rank of conspecifics affect the feeding strategy of horses.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Flauger, B. Thesis  
  Publisher Xenophon Publishing Place of Publication Wald Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-3-9808134-26 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5581  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Thrower, W.R. openurl 
  Title Aggression in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1970 Publication Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine Abbreviated Journal (down) Proc R Soc Med  
  Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 163-167  
  Keywords *Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Evolution; *Horses; Humans; Species Specificity; Territoriality  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0035-9157 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:5462347 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1966  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bell, F.R. openurl 
  Title Sleep in the larger domesticated animals Type Journal Article
  Year 1972 Publication Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine Abbreviated Journal (down) Proc R Soc Med  
  Volume 65 Issue 2 Pages 176-177  
  Keywords Animals; Cattle/*physiology; Dreams; Electroencephalography; Goats/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Posture; Sheep/*physiology; *Sleep; Sleep, REM  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0035-9157 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4343589 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2826  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Houpt, T.R. openurl 
  Title The physiological determination of meal size in pigs Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Abbreviated Journal (down) Proc Nutr Soc  
  Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 323-330  
  Keywords Animals; Appetite/physiology; Drinking; Duodenum/physiology; *Eating; Energy Intake; Food; Horses/physiology; Milk; Osmolar Concentration; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Swine/*physiology; Time Factors  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0029-6651 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:2996010 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 53  
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Author Hanson, R.P.; Trainer, D.O. openurl 
  Title Significance of changing ecology on the epidemiology of arboviruses in the United States Type Journal Article
  Year 1969 Publication Proceedings, Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association Abbreviated Journal (down) Proc Annu Meet U S Anim Health Assoc  
  Volume 73 Issue Pages 291-294  
  Keywords Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Disease Reservoirs; *Ecology; *Encephalitis, Arbovirus; *Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; United States  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0082-8750 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:5278181 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2742  
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Author Barwick, R.S.; Mohammed, H.O.; McDonough, P.L.; White, M.E. openurl 
  Title Epidemiologic features of equine Leptospira interrogans of human significance Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Preventive Veterinary Medicine Abbreviated Journal (down) Prev Vet Med  
  Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 153-165  
  Keywords Animals; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/*microbiology; Horses/microbiology; Humans; *Leptospira interrogans; New York/epidemiology; Weil Disease/epidemiology/microbiology/*veterinary; Zoonoses/epidemiology/*microbiology  
  Abstract Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Leptospira interrogans. There is a serologic evidence that horses are exposed to L. interrogans and, as a shedder of these organisms, can be a threat to humans. We examined risk factors associated with the risk of testing seropositive to three L. interrogans serovars (L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. grippotyphosa, and L. canicola) in the horses of New York State, in order to understand the epidemiology of the disease and suggest strategies to control and prevent equine leptospirosis. To carry out this study, blood samples were collected from a random sample of 2551 horses and tested for the presence of antibodies to the above serovars using the microscopic agglutination test. Samples with a titer $100 were considered positive. Clinical and demographic data were collected on each horse, the farms' management practices and ecology. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop a multivariate indexing system and to identify factors significantly associated with the risk of leptospirosis. Four indices were developed based on the possible sources of exposure: rodent exposure index; wildlife exposure index; soil and water index; and management index. The soil and water index was significantly associated with the risk of exposure to all three serovars. Management was positively associated with L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. canicola. Density of horses turned out together was positively associated with the risk of exposure to L. grippotyphosa. We concluded that indirect exposure of horses to L. interrogans through contaminated soil and water appears to be significantly associated with the risk of exposure to all three serovars. Management appears to play an important role in the exposure to L. interrogans. Modification of management practices might reduce the horses' risk of exposure and hopefully minimize the human hazards.  
  Address Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0167-5877 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:9762736 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2653  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Schooening, B. openurl 
  Title Ethology of the horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Praktische Tierarzt Abbreviated Journal (down) Prakt. Tierarzt  
  Volume 79 Issue 6 Suppl. Pages 25-28  
  Keywords Dominance; Ethology; Horse; Propedeutics  
  Abstract The paper starts with a short introduction/definition about ethology and the used methods in this scientific field, giving special examples for horses and about how their “normal behaviour” is measured. The behaviour repertoire of horses is described in a brief outline with special emphasis on their social systems and hierarchies and the problem of dominance, especially in interaction with humans. Schlütersche GmbH & Co. KG, Verlag und Druckerei.  
  Address Saselbergweg 32, 22395 Hamburg, Germany  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0032681x (Issn) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 21 April 2007; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: German; Correspondence Address: Schoßning, B.Saselbergweg 32 22395 Hamburg, Germany; email: Dr.B.Schoening@t-online.de Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 789  
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Author Pauw, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Therapeutic Horseback Riding Studies: Problems Experienced by Researchers Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Physiotherapy Abbreviated Journal (down) Physiotherapy  
  Volume 86 Issue 10 Pages 523-527  
  Keywords Therapeutic horseback riding; t-tests; logistic regression; statistically significant; clinically meaningful  
  Abstract Summary Since the therapeutic use of horse riding has been realised, several research studies investigating the physical and psychosocial effect of therapeutic riding have been conducted. A summary is given of therapeutic riding research studies where formal statistical tests were used to analyse the data as well as a summary of studies where different techniques were used to process the data. These summaries give an overview of the variables measured in previously conducted therapeutic riding studies. The general problems experienced by therapeutic riding researchers are given after the summaries. Possible explanations are discussed for some of these problems. In conclusion a few suggestions are given for future research, not only for therapeutic riding studies, but for any study where the effect of a therapeutic intervention is investigated.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0031-9406 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5066  
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