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Author Templeton, J.J.; Giraldeau, L.-A.
Title Public information cues affect the scrounging decisions of starlings Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 49 Issue 6 Pages 1617-1626
Keywords
Abstract The foraging decisions that individuals make within groups should depend on the information available to them. An aviary experiment was conducted to examine whether a starling's, Sturnus vulgaris, decisions either to approach and feed from (scrounge) or to avoid the patches exploited by a partner bird are influenced by the information the partner provides. Both the type of information a subject could recognize and the point at which this information became available during the partner's exploitation of a patch were manipulaed. Information concerning the quality of a patch was available in the form of a concealed colour cue and from the behaviour of the partner bird. The foraging environment was manipulated such that colour cues were either present or absent, and provided either correct or incorrect information concerning the presence of food. When cues corresponded with past foraging experience, test subjects responded selectively and profitably to the patch exploitations of the partner; they scrounged from a higher proportion of profitable patches than control birds, which lacked the ability to recognize colour cues. Test subjects also arrived more quickly at profitable patches that the partner bird discovered than did control birds; and consequently, were able to obtain more food at each food patch scrounged. Finally, test subjects avoided scrounging when the partner discovered empty patches and thus saved foraging time. Responding selectively to public information, therefore, allows an individual to compete more effectively for resources within a foraging group.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2190
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Author Maddock, L.
Title The “migration” and grazing succession Type Book Chapter
Year 1995 Publication Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract Editorial Reviews

Book Description

Originally published in 1979, Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem was immediately recognized as the first synthesis of the patterns and processes of a major ecosystem. A prototype for initial studies, Serengeti contains baseline data for further and comparative studies of ecosystems. The new Serengeti II builds on the information presented originally in Serengeti; both books together offer essential information and insights for ecology and conservation biology.
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Publisher University Of Chicago Press Place of Publication Chicago Editor Sinclair, A.R.E. ; Norton-Griffiths, A.R.E.
Language Summary Language Original Title Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-0226760292 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2343
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Author Houpt, K.A.
Title Learning in horses. Type Book Chapter
Year 1995 Publication The thinking horse. Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 12-17
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Publisher Equine Research Centre Place of Publication Guelph, Canada Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3585
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Author Miller, R.M.
Title How the dominance hierarchy is determined: The body language of the horse Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 514-515
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4306
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Author Dey, S.
Title Trailer accidents Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 148-149
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4662
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Author Prins, H.H.
Title Ecology and Behaviour of the African Buffalo: Social Inequality and Decision Making Type Book Whole
Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract What are the benefits that animals gain from living in a social group? This question has been the primary focus of the author's ecological interest. After many years of original and innovative research on the African buffalo, particularly at Lake Manyara in northern Tanzania, Herbert Prins has now summarized the results of much of this widely-respected work in this fascinating book. While advantages in reduction of the risks of predation or in increased efficiency of foraging on certain types of resources are now widely recognized, until now there has been less attention paid to the idea of the animals themselves as `information centres' and the extent to which the individual may be able to make use of information gathered by conspecifics, adjusting its own behaviour in response. Such a case-study has wide implications for research on social structure and organization in other species, and these are explored within the book. However, it is not a book aimed simply at the academic researcher, zoologist and behavioural ecologist; since it is written in a readable and accessible style, the book will also be enjoyed by wildlife enthusiasts, interested naturalists, wildlife biologists and wildlife managers.
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Publisher Springer Netherland Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-0412725203 Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5142
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Author Skandakumar, S.; Stodulski, G.; Hau, J.
Title Salivary IgA: a Possible Stress Marker In Dogs Type Abstract
Year 1995 Publication Animal Welfare Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 339-350
Keywords Animal Welfare; Behaviour; Cortisol; Dog; Salivary Iga (S-Iga); Stress; Well-Being
Abstract Stress in humans has been reported to be associated with a decrease in the salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels enabling the possible use of s-IgA to assess stress. Prolonged stress, if reliably assessed in a non-invasive manner, may be used to assess animal welfare. This study analysed groups of dogs undergoing physical and temperamental training and s-IgA levels were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in prospective samples. Behavioural assessment was carried out and cortisol levels in saliva were measured by ELISA. A significant negative correlation (P < 0.007) between the logarithmic cortisol concentrations and s-IgA levels in saliva was recorded. The behavioural assessment of the dogs agreed well with the biochemical markers. It is concluded that IgA levels in saliva may be a useful marker of dog well-being and that stress results in decreased s-IgA levels.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5964
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Author Griebenow, K.; Klibanov, A.M.
Title Lyophilization-induced reversible changes in the secondary structure of proteins Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 92 Issue 24 Pages 10969-10976
Keywords
Abstract Changes in the secondary structure of some dozen different proteins upon lyophilization of their aqueous solutions have been investigated by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the amide III band region. Dehydration markedly (but reversibly) alters the secondary structure of all the proteins studied, as revealed by both the quantitative analysis of the second derivative spectra and the Gaussian curve fitting of the original infrared spectra. Lyophilization substantially increases the beta-sheet content and lowers the alpha-helix content of all proteins. In all but one case, proteins become more ordered upon lyophilization.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6519
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Author Ben-Shahar, R.
Title Habitat classification in relation to movements and densities of ungulates in a semi-arid savanna Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication African Journal of Ecology Abbreviated Journal (up) Afr. J. Ecol.
Volume 33 Issue Pages 50-63
Keywords
Abstract Habitat types were classified in a semi-arid nature reserve in South Africa in order to assess the spatial requirements of resident ungulates, namely zebra, wildebeest and impala. Multivariate analyses showed patterns of soil factors and plant species associations that corresponded with variations of local geological formations and the abundance of plants. The response of ungulates to habitats of different degrees of complexity in terms of soils and plant species associations was examined on the basis of annual occurrence. New habitat types were described through merging or subdividing the existing classification. New habitat categories which corresponded with high occurrences of ungulates provided better indications of the resource requirements for large herbivores. Wildebeest were restricted in their habitat requirements and were characterized by high seasonal densities in bottom lands, particularly during the late wet period. There was a considerable overlap in the preference of habitat types between wildebeest and zebra although zebra were aggregated during longer periods within the dolerite formation. Impala had a consistent annual preference for the granite formation where seepage lines and bottom lands were inhabited seasonally by large herd concentrations.

Résumé

On a classifié les types d'habitat dans une réserve naturelle semiaride d'Afrique du Sud, dans le but d'évaluer les exigences spatiales des ongulés qui y vivent, c'est à dire les zèbres, les gnous et les impalas. Des analyses multivariées ont révélé des schémas pour les facteurs du sol et pour les associations d'espèces végétales qui correspondent aux variations des formations géologiques locales et à l'abon-dance des plantes. On a examiné la réponse des ongulés à des habitats de complexité différente en termes de sols et d'associations d'espéces végétales, d'après leur présence annuelle. On a décrit de nouveaux types d'habitats en fusionnant ou en subdivisant la classification existante. Les nouvelles catégories d'habitats qui correspondaient à des présences abondantes d'ongulés ont fourni de meilleures indications sur les ressources exigées par les grands herbivores. Les gnous se limitaient aux endroits qui répondaient a leurs exigences et se caractérisaient par de hautes densités saisonnières dans les régions basses, spécialement pendant la dernière saison des pluies. Il y avait un recouvrement considérable des types d'habitats préferés par les gnous et les zébres, encore que les zébres se rassemblent plus longtemps dans la formation doléritique. Les impalas marquent une préférence annuelle constante pour la formation granitique où les sources et les terres basses sont occupées de façon saisonnière par des hardes très concentrées.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2227
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Author Clayton, H.M.
Title Comparison of the stride kinematics of the collected, medium, and extended walks in horses Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication American Journal of Veterinary Research Abbreviated Journal (up) Am J Vet Res
Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 849-852
Keywords Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Gait; Horses/*physiology; *Locomotion; Motion Pictures; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Walking
Abstract Six horses, highly trained for dressage competition, were used to study the stride kinematics of the walk, and to compare the kinematics of the collected, medium, and extended walks. Horses were filmed in a sagittal plane at a rate of 150 frames/s; temporal, linear, and angular data were extracted from the films. Results of ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test indicated that the speed of the collected walk (1.37 m/s) was significantly (P < 0.01) slower than that of the medium (1.73 m/s) and extended (1.82 m/s) walks, values for which were not significantly different from each other. The increase in speed was associated with a significant increase in stride length, from 157 cm in the collected walk to 193 cm in the extended walk. This was a result of an increase in the over-tracking distance, whereas there was no significant difference in the distance between lateral placements of the limbs. Stride duration decreased (P < 0.01) from the collected walk (1,159 ms) to the extended walk (1,064 ms). Angles of the metacarpal and metatarsal segments, measured on the palmar/ plantar aspect, were higher at impact and lower at lift off in the collected than in the extended walk (P < 0.01). This indicated greater range of angular motion of this segment during the stance phase in the extended walk. Only 1 of the 6 horses had a regular 4-beat rhythm of the footfalls, with equal time elapsing between the lateral and diagonal footfalls.
Address Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Canada
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0002-9645 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:7574149 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3743
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