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Author |
Bennett, A.T. |
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Title |
Do animals have cognitive maps? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Biol |
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Volume |
199 |
Issue |
Pt 1 |
Pages |
219-224 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Humans; Space Perception/*physiology; Visual Pathways |
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Abstract |
Drawing on studies of humans, rodents, birds and arthropods, I show that 'cognitive maps' have been used to describe a wide variety of spatial concepts. There are, however, two main definitions. One, sensu Tolman, O'Keefe and Nadel, is that a cognitive map is a powerful memory of landmarks which allows novel short-cutting to occur. The other, sensu Gallistel, is that a cognitive map is any representation of space held by an animal. Other definitions with quite different meanings are also summarised. I argue that no animal has been conclusively shown to have a cognitive map, sensu Tolman, O'Keefe and Nadel, because simpler explanations of the crucial novel short-cutting results are invariably possible. Owing to the repeated inability of experimenters to eliminate these simpler explanations over at least 15 years, and the confusion caused by the numerous contradictory definitions of a cognitive map, I argue that the cognitive map is no longer a useful hypothesis for elucidating the spatial behaviour of animals and that use of the term should be avoided. |
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Department of Pure Mathematics, University of Adelaide, Australia |
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0022-0949 |
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Notes |
PMID:8576693 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2756 |
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Author |
Arluke, A. |
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Title |
The use of dogs in medical and veterinary training: understanding and approaching student uneasiness |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science : JAAWS |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Anim Welf Sci |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
197-204 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Experimentation; Animals; *Animals, Laboratory; Cadaver; Comprehension; Dogs; Education, Veterinary/*ethics/*methods; Humans; Massachusetts; Schools, Veterinary; Students, Medical/*psychology; Biomedical and Behavioral Research |
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Tajen Institute of Technology, Taiwan. a.arluke@neu.edu |
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ISSN |
1088-8705 |
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Notes |
PMID:15498727; KIE: KIE Bib: animal experimentation |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2755 |
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Author |
Valero, N. |
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Title |
West Nile virus: a new challenge? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Investigacion Clinica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Invest Clin |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
175-177 |
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Keywords |
Animal Migration; Animals; Bird Diseases/virology; Birds; Caribbean Region; Central America; Culex/virology; Horse Diseases/virology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors/virology; North America/epidemiology; South America; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/transmission/veterinary; West Nile virus/*physiology |
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Abstract |
West Nile Virus (WNV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, was first isolated in 1937. Since the original isolation of the WNV outbreaks have occurred with increase in frequency of cases in humans and horses, apparent increase in severe human disease and high avian death rates. In 1999, 2000 and 2002 outbreaks of the WNV encephalitis were reported in horses, birds and humans from New York and Canada. Ornithophilic mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the WNV and birds of several species chiefly migrants appear to be the major introductory or amplifying host. The pattern of outbreaks in the old and new world suggests that viremic migratory birds may also contribute to movement of the virus. If so, Central America, Caribbean Islands and countries of South America including Venezuela, are in potential risk for suffering a severe outbreak for WNV, since several species of birds have populations that pass trough New York and cross the western north Atlantic or Caribbean Sea. It is important the knowledge of the ecology of WNV as well of the efficacy of control efforts in order to minimize the public health impact in these countries, where all population is susceptible to this infection. |
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Spanish |
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Original Title |
Virus del Nilo Occidental: Un nuevo reto? |
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ISSN |
0535-5133 |
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Notes |
PMID:14552056 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2640 |
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Author |
No authors listed |
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Title |
Workshop on the geographic spread of Aedes albopictus in Europe and the concern among public health authorities. Proceedings of a workshop held at the Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy, 19-20 December 1994 |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Parassitologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parassitologia |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
87-90 |
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Keywords |
*Aedes/growth & development/parasitology/virology; African horse sickness virus; Animals; Commerce; Dengue Virus; Dirofilaria; Disease Reservoirs; Ecology; Europe; Humans; *Insect Vectors/growth & development/parasitology/virology; Italy; *Mosquito Control/methods/organization & administration; Public Health; Rift Valley fever virus |
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English |
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ISSN |
0048-2951 |
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Notes |
PMID:8778669 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2659 |
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Author |
[No authors listed] |
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Title |
International Conference on Environmental Cadmium: an overview |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Environmental Health Perspectives |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Health Perspect |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
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Pages |
297-30 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cadmium/*toxicity; Cadmium Poisoning/metabolism; Congresses; Ecology; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity; Female; Forecasting; Haplorhini; Horses; Humans; Rats; Waste Disposal, Fluid |
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English |
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ISSN |
0091-6765 |
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Notes |
PMID:39745 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2694 |
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Author |
Menges, R.W.; Furcolow, M.L.; Selby, L.A.; Habermann, R.T.; Smith, C.D. |
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Title |
Ecologic studies of histoplasmosis |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1967 |
Publication |
American Journal of Epidemiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Epidemiol |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
108-119 |
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Keywords |
Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antibodies/*analysis; Carnivora; Cats; Cattle; Child; Child, Preschool; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histoplasma/isolation & purification; Histoplasmin; Histoplasmosis/*epidemiology/*immunology; Horses; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kansas; Male; Marsupialia; Mice; Middle Aged; Missouri; Rabbits; Skin Tests; *Soil Microbiology; Swine |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0002-9262 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:5334640 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2747 |
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Author |
Nowlan, S.S.; Deibel, R.H. |
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Title |
Group Q streptococci. I. Ecology, serology, physiology, and relationship to established enterococci |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1967 |
Publication |
Journal of Bacteriology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Bacteriol |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
291-296 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Antigens/analysis; Cattle; Dogs; Enterococcus faecalis/metabolism; Feces/microbiology; Horses; Humans; Poultry; Precipitin Tests; Rabbits; Sheep; *Streptococcus/immunology/isolation & purification/metabolism; Swine |
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Abstract |
The group Q streptococci possess unique serological and physiological characteristics which differentiate them from established enterococci. The group Q antigen was not demonstrable in all strains; however, all possessed the group D antigen. All group Q strains were physiologically similar regardless of whether or not they possessed the group Q antigen. These strains differed from the established enterococcal species, as they neither hydrolyzed arginine nor initiated growth in 1.0% methylene blue-milk. They also differed radically in the fermentation of various carbohydrates, especially the polyhydric sugar alcohols. The results indicate that the group Q streptococci constitute a unique taxonomic entity; the species designation Streptococcus avium sp. n. is suggested, owing to their characteristic occurrence in chicken fecal specimens. |
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ISSN |
0021-9193 |
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Notes |
PMID:4962699 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2746 |
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Author |
Washino, R.K.; Tempelis, C.H. |
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Title |
Host-feeding patterns of Anopheles freeborni in the Sacramento Valley, California |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1967 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Med Entomol |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
311-314 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Anopheles/*growth & development; California; Cats; Cattle; Dogs; Ecology; Horses; Humans; *Insect Vectors; Rabbits; Rodentia; Swine |
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English |
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ISSN |
0022-2585 |
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Notes |
PMID:6052143 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2745 |
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Author |
Boray, J.C. |
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Title |
Experimental fascioliasis in Australia |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Advances in Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Adv Parasitol |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
95-210 |
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Keywords |
Adaptation, Biological; Adaptation, Physiological; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Australia; Cattle; *Cattle Diseases/pathology; Climate; *Disease Vectors; Ecology; Electron Transport; Estivation; Fasciola hepatica/enzymology/*growth & development/metabolism/physiology; Fascioliasis/epidemiology/immunology/*prevention & control/veterinary; Glycolysis; Guinea Pigs; Horses; Humans; Larva/growth & development/physiology; Marsupialia; Metamorphosis, Biological; Mice; New Guinea; New Zealand; Parasite Egg Count; Rats; Seasons; Sheep; *Sheep Diseases/pathology |
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ISSN |
0065-308X |
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Notes |
PMID:4935272 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2744 |
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Author |
Hanson, R.P.; Trainer, D.O. |
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Title |
Significance of changing ecology on the epidemiology of arboviruses in the United States |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Proceedings, Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Annu Meet U S Anim Health Assoc |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
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Pages |
291-294 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Disease Reservoirs; *Ecology; *Encephalitis, Arbovirus; *Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; United States |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0082-8750 |
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Notes |
PMID:5278181 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2742 |
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