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Author | Beery, A.K.; Kaufer, D. | ||||
Title | Stress, social behavior, and resilience: Insights from rodents | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Neurobiology of Stress | Abbreviated Journal | Neurobiol. Stress |
Volume | 1 | Issue | Stress Resilience | Pages | 116-127 |
Keywords | Stress; Anxiety; Social behavior; Sociality; Social stress; Social buffering | ||||
Abstract | The neurobiology of stress and the neurobiology of social behavior are deeply intertwined. The social environment interacts with stress on almost every front: social interactions can be potent stressors; they can buffer the response to an external stressor; and social behavior often changes in response to stressful life experience. This review explores mechanistic and behavioral links between stress, anxiety, resilience, and social behavior in rodents, with particular attention to different social contexts. We consider variation between several different rodent species and make connections to research on humans and non-human primates. | ||||
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ISSN | 2352-2895 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6413 | ||
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Author | Ben-Shahar, R. | ||||
Title | Habitat classification in relation to movements and densities of ungulates in a semi-arid savanna | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | African Journal of Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Afr. J. Ecol. |
Volume | 33 | Issue | Pages | 50-63 | |
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Abstract | Habitat types were classified in a semi-arid nature reserve in South Africa in order to assess the spatial requirements of resident ungulates, namely zebra, wildebeest and impala. Multivariate analyses showed patterns of soil factors and plant species associations that corresponded with variations of local geological formations and the abundance of plants. The response of ungulates to habitats of different degrees of complexity in terms of soils and plant species associations was examined on the basis of annual occurrence. New habitat types were described through merging or subdividing the existing classification. New habitat categories which corresponded with high occurrences of ungulates provided better indications of the resource requirements for large herbivores. Wildebeest were restricted in their habitat requirements and were characterized by high seasonal densities in bottom lands, particularly during the late wet period. There was a considerable overlap in the preference of habitat types between wildebeest and zebra although zebra were aggregated during longer periods within the dolerite formation. Impala had a consistent annual preference for the granite formation where seepage lines and bottom lands were inhabited seasonally by large herd concentrations. Résumé On a classifié les types d'habitat dans une réserve naturelle semiaride d'Afrique du Sud, dans le but d'évaluer les exigences spatiales des ongulés qui y vivent, c'est à dire les zèbres, les gnous et les impalas. Des analyses multivariées ont révélé des schémas pour les facteurs du sol et pour les associations d'espèces végétales qui correspondent aux variations des formations géologiques locales et à l'abon-dance des plantes. On a examiné la réponse des ongulés à des habitats de complexité différente en termes de sols et d'associations d'espéces végétales, d'après leur présence annuelle. On a décrit de nouveaux types d'habitats en fusionnant ou en subdivisant la classification existante. Les nouvelles catégories d'habitats qui correspondaient à des présences abondantes d'ongulés ont fourni de meilleures indications sur les ressources exigées par les grands herbivores. Les gnous se limitaient aux endroits qui répondaient a leurs exigences et se caractérisaient par de hautes densités saisonnières dans les régions basses, spécialement pendant la dernière saison des pluies. Il y avait un recouvrement considérable des types d'habitats préferés par les gnous et les zébres, encore que les zébres se rassemblent plus longtemps dans la formation doléritique. Les impalas marquent une préférence annuelle constante pour la formation granitique où les sources et les terres basses sont occupées de façon saisonnière par des hardes très concentrées. |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2227 | ||
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Author | Benson-Amram, S.; Holekamp, K.E. | ||||
Title | Innovative problem solving by wild spotted hyenas | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Proc R Soc B | Abbreviated Journal | Proc R Soc B |
Volume | 279 | Issue | Pages | 4087-4095 | |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Benson-Amram2012 | Serial | 6266 | ||
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Author | Bentley-Condit, V.; Smith, E.O. | ||||
Title | Animal tool use: current definitions and an updated comprehensive catalog | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 147 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 185-32 |
Keywords | TOOL USE; CATALOG; ANIMAL | ||||
Abstract | Despite numerous attempts to define animal tool use over the past four decades, the definition remains elusive and the behaviour classification somewhat subjective. Here, we provide a brief review of the definitions of animal tool use and show how those definitions have been modified over time. While some aspects have remained constant (i.e., the distinction between 'true' and 'borderline' tool use), others have been added (i.e., the distinction between 'dynamic' and 'static' behaviours). We present an updated, comprehensive catalog of documented animal tool use that indicates whether the behaviours observed included any 'true' tool use, whether the observations were limited to captive animals, whether tool manufacture has been observed, and whether the observed tool use was limited to only one individual and, thus, 'anecdotal' (i.e., N = 1). Such a catalog has not been attempted since Beck (1980). In addition to being a useful reference for behaviourists, this catalog demonstrates broad tool use and manufacture trends that may be of interest to phylogenists, evolutionary ecologists, and cognitive evolutionists. Tool use and tool manufacture are shown to be widespread across three phyla and seven classes of the animal kingdom. Moreover, there is complete overlap between the Aves and Mammalia orders in terms of the tool use categories (e.g., food extraction, food capture, agonism) arguing against any special abilities of mammals. The majority of tool users, almost 85% of the entries, use tools in only one of the tool use categories. Only members of the Passeriformes and Primates orders have been observed to use tools in four or more of the ten categories. Thus, observed tool use by some members of these two orders (e.g., Corvus, Papio) is qualitatively different from that of all other animal taxa. Finally, although there are similarities between Aves and Mammalia, and Primates and Passeriformes, primate tool use is qualitatively different. Approximately 35% of the entries for this order demonstrate a breadth of tool use (i.e., three or more categories by any one species) compared to other mammals (0%), Aves (2.4%), and the Passeriformes (3.1%). This greater breadth in tool use by some organisms may involve phylogenetic or cognitive differences � or may simply reflect differences in length and intensity of observations. The impact that tool usage may have had on groups' respective ecological niches and, through niche-construction, on their respective evolutionary trajectories remains a subject for future study. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ :/content/journals/10.1163/000579509x12512865686555 | Serial | 5859 | ||
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Author | Benz, B.; Benitz, B.; Krueger, K.; Winter, D. | ||||
Title | Weniger Einstreu bei gleichem Komfort | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Pferdezucht und Haltung | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages | 66-71 | |
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Publisher | AVA-Verlag-Allgäu GmbH | Place of Publication | Kempten | Editor | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5654 | ||
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Author | Berger, K.M. | ||||
Title | Carnivore-Livestock conflicts: effects of subsidized predator control and economic correlates on the sheep industry | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Conserv Biol | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 20 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Berger2006 | Serial | 6448 | ||
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Author | Bergmüller, R.; Taborsky, M. | ||||
Title | Animal personality due to social niche specialisation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Trends in Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 25 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 504-511 |
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Abstract | The existence of 'animal personality', i.e. consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, is an evolutionary puzzle that has recently generated considerable research interest. Although social factors are generally considered to be important, it is as yet unclear how they might select for personality. Drawing from ecological niche theory, we explore how social conflict and alternative social options can be key factors in the evolution and development of consistent individual differences in behaviour. We discuss how animal personality research might benefit from insights into the study of alternative tactics and illustrate how selection can favour behavioural diversification and consistency due to fitness benefits resulting from conflict reduction among social partners. | ||||
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ISSN | 0169-5347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6646 | ||
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Author | Bernauer, K.; Kollross, H.; Schuetz, A.; Farmer, K.; Krueger, K. | ||||
Title | How do horses (Equus caballus) learn from observing human action? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 23 | Issue | Pages | 1-9 | |
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Abstract | A previous study demonstrated that horses can learn socially from observing humans, but could not draw any conclusions about the social learning mechanisms. Here we develop this by showing horses four different human action sequences as demonstrations of how to press a button to open a feed box. We tested 68 horses aged between 3 and 12 years. 63 horses passed the habituation phase and were assigned either to the group Hand Demo (N = 13) for which a kneeling person used a hand to press the button, Head Demo (N = 13) for which a kneeling person used the head, Mixed Demo (N = 12) for which a squatting person used both head and hand, Foot Demo (N = 12) in which a standing person used a foot, or No Demo (N = 13) in which horses did not receive a demonstration. 44 horses reached the learning criterion of opening the feeder twenty times consecutively, 40 of these were 75% of the Demo group horses and four horses were 31% of the No Demo group horses. Horses not reaching the learning criterion approached the human experimenters more often than those who did. Significantly more horses used their head to press the button no matter which demonstration they received. However, in the Foot Demo group four horses consistently preferred to use a hoof and two switched between hoof and head use. After the Mixed Demo the horses' actions were more diverse. The results indicate that only a few horses copy behaviours when learning socially from humans. A few may learn through observational conditioning, as some appeared to adapt to demonstrated actions in the course of reaching the learning criterion. Most horses learn socially through enhancement, using humans to learn where, and which aspect of a mechanism has to be manipulated, and by applying individual trial and error learning to reach their goal. | ||||
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ISSN | 1435-9456 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Bernauer2019 | Serial | 6590 | ||
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Author | Bílá, K.; Beránková, J.; Veselý, P.; Bugnyar, T.; Schwab, C. | ||||
Title | Responses of urban crows to con- and hetero-specific alarm calls in predator and non-predator zoo enclosures | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 20 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 43-51 |
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Abstract | Urban animals and birds in particular are able to cope with diverse novel threats in a city environment such as avoiding novel, unfamiliar predators. Predator avoidance often includes alarm signals that can be used also by hetero-specifics, which is mainly the case in mixed-species flocks. It can also occur when species do not form flocks but co-occur together. In this study we tested whether urban crows use alarm calls of conspecifics and hetero-specifics (jackdaws, Corvus monedula) differently in a predator and a non-predator context with partly novel and unfamiliar zoo animal species. Birds were tested at the Tiergarten Schönbrunn in the city of Vienna by playing back con- and hetero-specific alarm calls and control stimuli (great tit song and no stimuli) at predator (wolf, polar bear) and non-predator (eland antelope and cranes, peccaries) enclosures. We recorded responses of crows as the percentage of birds flying away after hearing the playback (out of those present before the playback) and as the number of vocalizations given by the present birds. A significantly higher percentage of crows flew away after hearing either con- or hetero-specific alarm calls, but it did not significantly differ between the predator and the non-predator context. Crows treated jackdaw calls just as crow calls, indicating that they make proper use of hetero-specific alarm calls. Responding similarly in both contexts may suggest that the crows were uncertain about the threat a particular zoo animal represents and were generally cautious. In the predator context, however, a high percentage of crows also flew away upon hearing the great tit control song which suggests that they may still evaluate those species which occasionally killed crows as more dangerous and respond to any conspicuous sound. | ||||
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ISSN | 1435-9456 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Bílá2017 | Serial | 6159 | ||
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Author | Birch, H.G. | ||||
Title | The relation of previous experience to insightful problem-solving | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1945 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
Volume | 38 | Issue | Pages | 367-383 | |
Keywords | Humans; *Problem Solving; *Psychology, Comparative; *PSYCHOLOGY/comparative | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0021-9940 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:21010765 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6554 | ||
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