|
McGreevy, P. (2004). Equine behavior. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 24(9), 397–398.
|
|
Cheng, K. (2004). K.J. Jeffery (ed) The neurobiology of spatial behaviourOxford University Press, Oxford, 2003. Anim. Cogn., .
|
Verguts, T., & Fias, W. (2004). Representation of Number in Animals and Humans: A Neural Model. J. Cogn. Neurosci., 16(9), 1493–1504.
Abstract: This article addresses the representation of numerical information conveyed by nonsymbolic and symbolic stimuli. In a first simulation study, we show how number-selective neurons develop when an initially uncommitted neural network is given nonsymbolic stimuli as input (e.g., collections of dots) under unsupervised learning. The resultant network is able to account for the distance and size effects, two ubiquitous effects in numerical cognition. Furthermore, the properties of the network units conform in detail to the characteristics of recently discovered number-selective neurons. In a second study, we simulate symbol learning by presenting symbolic and nonsymbolic input simultaneously. The same number-selective neurons learn to represent the numerical meaning of symbols. In doing so, they show properties reminiscent of the originally available number-selective neurons, but at the same time, the representational efficiency of the neurons is increased when presented with symbolic input. This finding presents a concrete proposal on the linkage between higher order numerical cognition and more primitive numerical abilities and generates specific predictions on the neural substrate of number processing. N1 -
|
|
Clayton, N. S. (2004). COGNITION: An Open Sandwich or an Open Question? Science, 305(5682), 344–.
|
Gentner, T. Q. (2004). Neural Systems for Individual Song Recognition in Adult Birds. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1016(1), 282–302.
Abstract: The songbird auditory system is an excellent model for neuroethological studies of the mechanisms that govern the perception and cognition of natural stimuli (i.e., song), and the translation of corresponding representations into natural behaviors. One common songbird behavior is the learned recognition of individual conspecific songs. This chapter summarizes the research effort to identify the brain regions and mechanisms mediating individual song recognition in European starlings, a species of songbird. The results of laboratory behavioral studies are reviewed, which show that when adult starlings learn to recognize other individual's songs, they do so by memorizing large sets of song elements, called motifs. Recent data from single neurons in the caudal medial portion of the mesopallium are then reviewed, showing that song recognition learning leads to explicit representation of acoustic features that correspond closely to specific motifs, but only to motifs in the songs that birds have learned to recognize. This suggests that the strength and tuning of high-level auditory object representations, of the sort that presumably underlie many forms of vocal communication, are shaped by each animal's unique experience.
|
Kanazawa, S. (2004). Social sciences are branches of biology. Socioecon. Rev., 2(3), 371–390.
Abstract: Since biology is the study of living organisms, their behaviour and social systems, and since humans are living organisms, it is possible to suggest that social sciences (the study of human behaviour and social systems) are branches of biology and all social scientific theories should be consistent with known biological principles. To claim otherwise and to establish a separate science only for humans might be analogous to the establishment of hydrogenology, the study of hydrogen separate from and inconsistent with the rest of physics. Evolutionary psychology is the application of evolutionary biology to humans, and provides the most general (panspecific) explanations of human behaviour, cognitions, emotions and human social systems. Evolutionary psychology's recognition that humans are animals can explain some otherwise perplexing empirical puzzles in social sciences, such as why there is a wage penalty for motherhood but a wage reward for fatherhood, and why boys produce a greater wage reward for fathers than do girls. The General Social Survey data illustrate the evolutionary psychological argument that reproductive success is important for both men's and women's happiness, but money is only important for men's.
|
|
Chappell J, & Kacelnik A. (2004). Selection of tool diameter by New Caledonian crows. Anim. Cogn., 7, 121.
|
|
Cheng, K. (2004). K.J. Jeffery (ed) The neurobiology of spatial behaviour. Anim. Cogn., 7(3), 199–200.
|
|
Mendl, M., & Paul, E. S. (2004). Consciousness, emotion and animal welfare: insights from cognitive science. Animal Welfare, 13, 17–25.
|
|
Josep Call, Brian Hare, Malinda Carpenter, & Michael Tomasello. (2004). `Unwilling' versus `unable': chimpanzees' understanding of human intentional action. Developmental Science, 7, 488–498.
|
