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Houpt, K. A. (1995). Learning in horses. In The thinking horse. (pp. 12–17). Guelph, Canada: Equine Research Centre.
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Russon AE, & Galdikas BMF. (1995). Constraints on great apes' imitation: model and action selectivity in rehabilitant orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) imitation. J. Comp. Psychol., 109, 5.
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Russon, A. E., & Galdikas, B. M. F. (1995). Constraints on great apes' imitation: Model and action selectivity in rehabilitant orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) imitation. J. Comp. Psychol., 109(1), 5–17.
Abstract: We discuss selectivity in great ape imitation, on the basis of an observational study of spontaneous imitation in free-ranging rehabilitant orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Research on great ape imitation has neglected selectivity, although comparative evidence suggests it may be important. We observed orangutans in central Indonesian Borneo and assessed patterns in the models and actions they spontaneously imitated. The patterns we found resembled those reported in humans. Orangutans preferred models with whom they had positive affective relationships (e.g., important caregiver or older sibling) and actions that reflected their current competence, were receptively familiar, and were relevant to tasks that faced them. Both developmental and individual variability were found. We discuss the probable functions of imitation for great apes and the role of selectivity in directing it. We also make suggestions for more effective elicitation of imitation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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Maddock, L. (1995). The “migration” and grazing succession. In A. R. E. Sinclair, & A. R. E. Norton-Griffiths (Eds.), Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press.
Abstract: Editorial Reviews
Book Description
Originally published in 1979, Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem was immediately recognized as the first synthesis of the patterns and processes of a major ecosystem. A prototype for initial studies, Serengeti contains baseline data for further and comparative studies of ecosystems. The new Serengeti II builds on the information presented originally in Serengeti; both books together offer essential information and insights for ecology and conservation biology.
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Prins, H. H. (1995). Ecology and Behaviour of the African Buffalo: Social Inequality and Decision Making. Springer Netherland.
Abstract: What are the benefits that animals gain from living in a social group? This question has been the primary focus of the author's ecological interest. After many years of original and innovative research on the African buffalo, particularly at Lake Manyara in northern Tanzania, Herbert Prins has now summarized the results of much of this widely-respected work in this fascinating book. While advantages in reduction of the risks of predation or in increased efficiency of foraging on certain types of resources are now widely recognized, until now there has been less attention paid to the idea of the animals themselves as `information centres' and the extent to which the individual may be able to make use of information gathered by conspecifics, adjusting its own behaviour in response. Such a case-study has wide implications for research on social structure and organization in other species, and these are explored within the book. However, it is not a book aimed simply at the academic researcher, zoologist and behavioural ecologist; since it is written in a readable and accessible style, the book will also be enjoyed by wildlife enthusiasts, interested naturalists, wildlife biologists and wildlife managers.
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Clutton-Brock, J. (1995). Origins of the dog: domestication and early history. In J. A. Serpell (Ed.), The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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