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Straatsma, G., Samson, R. A., Olijnsma, T. W., Op Den Camp, H. J., Gerrits, J. P., & Van Griensven, L. J. (1994). Ecology of Thermophilic Fungi in Mushroom Compost, with Emphasis on Scytalidium thermophilum and Growth Stimulation of Agaricus bisporus Mycelium. Appl Environ Microbiol, 60(2), 454–458.
Abstract: Twenty-two species of thermophilic fungi were isolated from mushroom compost. Scytalidium thermophilum was present in the compost ingredients, fresh straw, horse droppings, and drainage from compost and dominated the fungal biota of compost after preparation. Of 34 species of thermophilic fungi tested, 9 promoted mycelial growth of Agaricus bisporus on sterilized compost: Chaetomium thermophilum, an unidentified Chaetomium sp., Malbranchea sulfurea, Myriococcum thermophilum, S. thermophilum, Stilbella thermophila, Thielavia terrestris, and two unidentified basidiomycetes. These species will be considered for future experiments on inoculation and more controlled preparation of compost.
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Boyd, L., & Houpt, K. A. (1994). Przewalski's Horse. The History and Biology of an Endangered Species. SUNY Press.
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Huber W,. (1994). Dokumentation der fünf bekannten Lebendaufnahmen vom Quagga,Equus quagga quagga Gmelin, 1788 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae). Spixiana 17, , 193–199.
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Macfadden, B. J. (1994). Fossil horses Cambridge Univ Press. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Abstract: Synopsis
The family Equidae have an extensive fossil record spanning the last 58 million years, and the evolution of the horse has frequently been used as a classic example of long-term evolution. In recent years, however, there have been many important discoveries of fossil horses, and these, in conjunction with such new methods as cladistics, and techniques like precise geochronology, have allowed us to achieve a much greater understanding of the evolution and biology of this important group. This book synthesizes the large body of data and research relevant to an understanding of fossil horses from several disciplines including biology, geology and palaeontology. Using horses as the central theme, the author weaves together in the text such topics as modern geochronology, palaeobiogeography, climate change, evolution and extinction, functional morphology, and population biology during the Cenozoic period.
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Frey, G., & Hildenbrandt, E. (1994). Einführung in die Trainingslehre 1. Grundlagen. Schorndorf: Hofmann.
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Moehlman, P. D. (1994). Behavior and Ecology of Feral Asses (2nd edition). Ph.D. thesis, , Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison.
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Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social Network Analysis : Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Dugatkin, L. A., & Wilson, D. S. (1994). Choice experiments and cognition: a reply to Lamprecht & Hofer. Anim. Behav., 47(6), 1459–1461.
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McLeod, P. G., & Huntingford, F. A. (1994). Social rank and predator inspection in sticklebacks. Anim. Behav., 47(5), 1238–1240.
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Avital, E., & Jablonka, E. (1994). Social learning and the evolution of behaviour. Anim. Behav., 48(5), 1195–1199.
Abstract: Abstract. In animals capable of learning from a parent or other individual, socially acquired behaviour can be transmitted through several generations. When the inheritance of variations in such behaviour is independent of genotypic variations, natural selection can operate on an additional level. Direct evolution of behaviour becomes possible, and this may alter the estimates of costs and benefits of behaviour patterns for the individual who transmits them. It is suggested that the effects of maternally transmitted behaviour contribute to the evolution of maternal behavioural strategies, and to the evolution of behaviour associated with male-female conflict.
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