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Wiesner, J., & V. Hegel, G. (1990). Zur Immobilisation von Wildequiden mit STH 2130 und Tiletamin/Zolazepam. Tierärzl Prax, 18, 151–154.
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Stander, P. E., Nott, T.B., Lindeque, P.M., & Lindeque, M. (1990). Mass marking of zebras in the Etosha National Park, Namibia. Madoqua, 17(1), 47–49.
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Wittling, W., & Pflüger, M. (1990). Neuroendocrine hemisphere asymmetries: Salivary cortisol secretion during lateralized viewing of emotion-related and neutral films. Brain Cogn., 14(2), 243–265.
Abstract: The study set out to examine whether the cerebral hemispheres differ in their ability to regulate cortisol secretion during emotion-related situations. One hundred twenty-three adult subjects were shown either an emotionally aversive or a neutral film in the left or right hemisphere by means of a technique for lateralizing visual input that allows prolonged viewing while permitting free ocular scanning. The film-related changes of cortisol secretion were determined by salivary cortisol radioimmunoassay. Right hemispheric viewing of the emotionally aversive film resulted in a significantly higher increase of cortisol secretion than left hemispheric viewing of the same film. No such differences were observed with respect to the neutral film. Comparing the effects of the two films separately for each hemisphere revealed that only the right hemisphere was able to respond neuroendocrinologically in a different manner to the emotional and the neutral film. Therefore, it is concluded that cortical regulation of cortisol secretion in emotion-related situations is under primary control of the right hemisphere. The potential implications of asymmetric control of cortisol secretion with respect to the pathogenesis of psychosomatic and immunological disorders are discussed.
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Kirkpatrick, J. F., Lasley, B. L., & Shideler, S. E. (1990). Urinary steroid evaluations to monitor ovarian function in exotic ungulates. Zoo Biol, 9(5), 341–348.
Abstract: A direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for non-specific urinary progesterone (Po) metabolites, utilizing a non-specific monoclonal antibody against pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, was evaluated for the purpose of assessing luteal function in equids. Urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) and immunoreactive PdG-like conjugate (iPdG) concentrations, indexed by creatinine, were compared to plasma Po concentrations in non-conceptive ovarian cycles through two ovulations in four mares. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of urine from lutealphase mares and a pregnant zebra revealed an absence of significant concentrations of PdG and the presence of at least three immunoreactive compounds, all of which were more polar than PdG. The concentration of iPdG in the mare ranged from a nadir of approximately 3 ng/mg Cr at the time of ovulation to nearly 400 ng/mg Cr at the mid-luteal-phase peak and paralleled plasma Po concentrations. This non-radiometric assay for iPdG permits the assessment of ovulation, luteal formation and function, and luteolysis in unprocessed urine samples from domestic mares. Data from a single zebra indicate this approach also will permit simplified and non-invasive longitudinal studies of ovarian function among a wide range of Equidae.
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Houpt, K. A. (1990). Ingestive behavior. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 6(2), 319–337.
Abstract: In summary, horses spend 60% or more of their time eating when grazing or when feed is available free choice. Grasses are their preferred food, but they supplement the grass with herbs and woody plants. Sweetened mixtures of oats and corn are the most preferred concentrate. Horses can increase or decrease the time spent eating and amount eaten to maintain caloric intake. Their intake is stimulated by drugs such as diazepam and by the presence of other horses. Horses stop eating when gastric osmolality increases; increases in plasma osmolality, protein, and glucose accompany digestion. Foals eat several times an hour and begin sampling solid food at the same time that their dam is eating. Several areas of particular importance to the equine industry have not been investigated. These areas include the effect of exercise on short- and long-term food intake and the influence of reproductive state on the feeding of mares.
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BASHORE, T. L., KEIPER, R., TURNER, J. W. J. R., & KIRKPATRICK J. F. (1990). The accuracy of fixed-wing aerial surveys of feral horses on a coastal barrier island. J. coast. res, 6, 53–56.
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Loyola, E. G., Rodriguez, M. H., Gonzalez, L., Arredondo, J. I., Bown, D. N., & Vaca, M. A. (1990). Effect of indoor residual spraying of DDT and bendiocarb on the feeding patterns of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in Mexico. J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 6(4), 635–640.
Abstract: Intense and persistent use of DDT for malaria control has increased resistance and induced exophilic behavior of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis. An evaluation of bendiocarb and DDT to control this species in Sinaloa, Mexico, showed that, in spite of DDT-resistance, both insecticides produced similar effects. Feeding patterns were analyzed to explain these results. Resting mosquitoes were collected over the dry and wet seasons. Anophelines were tested in an ELISA to determine the source of the meals. The human blood index (HBI) ranged from 3.3 to 6.8% in DDT- and from 12.7 to 26.9% in bendiocarb-sprayed houses. Irritability and repellency in DDT-sprayed houses could explain the reduced HBI. In contrast, bendiocarb produced higher mortality. These effects could have affected different components of the vectorial capacity and similarly reduced malaria.
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McGhee, J. R., & Mestecky, J. (1990). In defence of mucosal surfaces. Development of novel vaccines for IgA responses protective at the portals of entry of microbial pathogens. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am., 4(2), 315–341.
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Cheney D.L., & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990). How monkeys see the world: Inside the mind of another species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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Klingel, H. (1990). Kalameili – future home of the Przewalski horse? In S. Seifert (Ed.), Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on the Preservation of the Przewalski Horse, Leipzig (pp. 221–224). Leipzig: Zoolog Garten.
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