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Chandler M, Fritz AS, & Hala S. (1989). Small scale deceit: deception marker of 2-, 3- and 4-year-olds' early theories of mind. Child Dev., 60, 1263.
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Povinelli DJ. (1989). Failure to find self-recognition in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in contrast to their use of mirror cues to discover hidden food. J. Comp. Psychol., 103, 122.
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Dewsbury, D. A. (1989). Comparative Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 40(1), 581–602.
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Huizinga, H. A., & van der Meij, G. J. W. (1989). Estimated parameters of performance in jumping and dressage competition of the Dutch Warmblood horse. Livestock Production Science, 21(4), 333–345.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to estimate several genetic parameters in the Dutch Warmblood riding horse population. The traits involved are performances in jumping and dressage competition. The following parameters are estimated: heritabilities for jumping and dressage; phenotypic and genetic correlations between jumping and dressage; and phenotypic and genetic correlations between performances at different ages. These parameters are estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML). Data are from 6899 horses with performances in jumping and 10 408 horses with performances in dressage competition. The horses are sired by 205 and 237 stallions for the two traits, respectively. The progeny range in age from 4 to 8 years old. The performance trait is a cumulatively derived score, that reflects the level of performance in competition. A square root transformation of the score is most appropriate to normalize the data. For estimation of phenotypic and genetic parameters the data is split into two data sets according to the age of the sires (offspring sired by older vs. younger stallions). For estimating correlations between performances at 4, 5 and 6 years of age, performances of the offspring out of previous years are linked to the data. The most unbiased estimates of heritability for jumping and dressage are from data derived from the youngest offspring sired by the younger stallions and are 0.20 and 0.10, respectively. Genetic correlation between jumping and dressage ranges from -0.27 to 0.10. The phenotypic correlation between these traits ranges from 0.15 to 0.26. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between performances at 4, 5 and 6 years average 0.95 and 0.75, respectively. These latter results have important implications for genetic evaluation of breeding candidates in the population.
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de Waal, F. B. M. (1989). Peacemaking Among Primates.
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Harrington, F. H. (1989). Chorus howling by wolves: Acoustic structures, pack size and Beau Geste effect. Bioacoustics, 2.
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Klingel, H. (1989). Odd-toed Ungulates, Horses. In B. Grzimek (Ed.), Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals (Vol. 4, 550+pp. 557–594). McGraw Hill.
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Rau, R. E.,. (1989). The museum's Quagga project.
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de Waal, F. B. (1989). Dominance “style” and primate social organization. In V. Standen, & R. A. Foley (Eds.), Comparative Socioecology (pp. 243–263). Blackwell Science.
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Gallistel, C. R. (1989). Animal Cognition: The Representation of Space, Time and Number. Annual Review of Psychology, 40(1), 155–189.
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