|
|
Schönfelder, W. D. (1982). “Wertschätzung” – Voraussetzung für erzieherisches Verhalten im Voltigier- und Reitunterricht. In Sportlehre für Reiten.Fahren. Voltigieren (pp. 51–60). Warendorf: FN-Verlag.
|
|
|
|
Zahn-Waxler, C., & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1982). The Development of Altruism: Alternative Research Strategies. The Development of Prosocial Behavior, .
|
|
|
|
Zahn-Waxler, C. & R. - Y., M. (1982). The development of altruism: Alternative research strategies. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), The development of prosocial behavior (pp. 109–138). New York: Academic Press.
Abstract: Zahn-Waxler, C. & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1982) The development of altruism:
Alternative research strategies. In: The development of prosocial behavior, ed.
N. Eisenberg. Academic Press. [aSDP]
|
|
|
|
Edwards, P. J., & Hollis, S. (1982). The Distribution of Excreta on New Forest Grassland Used by Cattle, Ponies and Deer. J Appl Ecol, 19(3), 953–964.
Abstract: (1) The distribution of excreta on areas of reseeded grassland in the New Forest used by free-ranging cattle, ponies and fallow deer was shown to be non-random. Distinct latrine areas were recognized where the faeces of all three herbivore species were concentrated, and where the majority of urinations occurred. The mosaic of latrine and non-latrine areas can be detected in aerial photographs in which non-latrine areas appear as light-grey patches set in a matrix of the dark grey latrine areas. During the 3 years of the study the position of the mosaic proved to be relatively stable. (2) The latrine areas were characterized by an uneven sward about 50 mm tall with abundant thistles (Cirsium spp.) and ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). Non-latrine areas had an even and very closely cropped sward between 10 and 20 mm tall. Soil chemical analysis of the two kinds of area revealed significantly higher levels of exchangeable potassium in latrine areas, and on one site significantly higher levels of magnesium and organic matter. No significant differences were detected in soil reaction, nor in phosphorus or calcium levels. (3) Observations of grazing animals revealed a tendency, at all times of year, for ponies to avoid grazing in latrine areas. In winter and spring this tendency was very slight, but from midsummer until late autumn a substantial majority of grazing ponies were to be found in non-latrine areas. In contrast, only 2% of the cattle observations made over a period of 20 months were of animals grazing in non-latrine areas. (4) The standing crop of dung and the rate of dung production on the two kinds of area were monitored for 12 months on one lawn. The amount of pony dung produced on non-latrine areas was only 16.5% of that in latrine areas, while for cattle the corresponding value was 28.7%. It is argued that the observed pattern has been created by selective grazing and eliminatory behaviour of the ponies, and that the excreta of cattle and deer are largely confined to pony latrine areas because these animals are unable to graze the very short herbage of non-latrine areas.
|
|
|
|
Dyson, H. J., & Beattie, J. K. (1982). Spin state and unfolding equilibria of ferricytochrome c in acidic solutions. J Biol Chem, 257(5), 2267–2273.
Abstract: Equilibrium, stopped flow, and temperature-jump spectrophotometry have been used to identify processes in the unfolding of ferricytochrome c in acidic aqueous solutions. A relaxation occurring in approximately 100 microseconds involves perturbation of a spin-equilibrium between two folded conformers of the protein with methionine-80 coordinated or dissociated from the heme iron. The protein unfolds more slowly, in milliseconds, with dissociation and protonation of histidine-18. These two transitions appear cooperative in equilibrium measurements at low (0.01 M) ionic strength, but are separated at higher (0.10 M) ionic strength. They are resolved under both conditions in the dynamic measurements. The spin-equilibrium description permits a unified explanation of a number of properties of ferricytochrome c in acidic aqueous solutions.
|
|
|
|
Eberhardt, L. L., Majorowicz, A. K., & Wilcox, J. A. (1982). Apparent Rates of Increase for Two Feral Horse Herds. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 46(2), 367–374.
Abstract: Rates of increase for 2 Oregon feral horse (Equus caballus) herds were estimated from direct aerial counts to be about 20% per year. These rates can be achieved only if survival rates are high, and reproduction exceeds that normally expected from horses. A population dynamics model suggests adult survival to be the key parameter in determining rates of increase, and there is some direct evidence of high adult survival rates. Management implications are discussed.
|
|
|
|
Alexander, F. (1982). Effect of phenylbutazone on electrolyte metabolism in ponies. Vet. Rec., 110(12), 271–272.
Abstract: Phenylbutazone administered in therapeutic doses to ponies decreased urinary sodium and chloride excretion. The volume and osmolality of the urine was unaffected as was potassium excretion. Faecal excretion of chloride decreased and that of potassium increased, while faecal sodium excretion was unaffected. Plasma pH, bicarbonate and total carbon dioxide decreased after phenylbutazone administration. Packed cell volume, plasma sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide tension and chloride were unchanged.
|
|
|
|
Lenarz, M. S. (1982). Habitat partitioning in feral horses: the value of being dominant. University of Chicago, .
|
|
|
|
Boitani, L. (1982). Patterns of homesites attendance in two Minnesota wolf packs. In F. H. Harrington, & P. C. Paquet (Eds.), Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology and Conservation. New York: Noyes, Park Ridge.
|
|
|
|
Lobanov, N. V. (1982). Askania-Nova, A 3rd Reservate in the USSR for the breeding of Equus hemionus kulan. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 61(12), 1856–1861.
|
|
