|
Rubenstein Di,. (1978). Islands and their effects on the social organization of feral horses. ABS Symp, .
|
|
RYDER OA et al,. (1978). Chromosome banding studies of the equidae. Cytogent Cell Genet, 20, 323–350.
|
|
Salter Re,. (1978). Ecology of feral horses in western Alberta. M.Sc.U. of Alberta, .
|
|
Salter Re, H. J. (1978). Habitat utilization by feral horses in western Alberta. Naturaliste can., 105, 309–321.
|
|
Schusdziarra, H., Schusdziarra, V. (1978). Gymnasium des Reiters.
|
|
SchäFer M,. (1978). Pferd. (pp. 214–248).
|
|
Sereni J.L, B. M. (1978). Mise en évidence des relations de dominance – subordination chez le cheval, par la méthode de compétition alimentaire par paire. Biol Behav, 3, 87–93.
|
Shettleworth, S. J. (1978). Reinforcement and the organization of behavior in golden hamsters: Pavlovian conditioning with food and shock unconditioned stimuli. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process, 4(2), 152–169.
Abstract: The effects of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CSs) for food or shock on a variety of behaviors of golden hamsters were observed in three experiments. The aim was to see whether previously reported differences among the behaviors produced by food reinforcement and punishment procedures could be accounted for by differential effects of Pavlovian conditioning on the behaviors. There was some correspondence between the behaviors observed to the CSs and the previously reported effects of instrumental training. However, the Pavlovian conditioned responses (CRs) alone would not have predicted the effects of instrumental training. Moreover, CRs depended to some extent on the context in which training and testing occurred. These findings, together with others in the literature, suggest that the results of Pavlovian conditioning procedures may not unambiguously predict what system of behaviors will be most readily modified by instrumental training with a given reinforcer.
|
|
Sorensen, A. B. (1978). Mathematical Models in Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 4(1), 345–371.
|
Stammbach, E. (1978). On Social Differentiation in Groups of Captive Female Hamadryas Baboons. Behaviour, 67(3-4), 322–338.
Abstract: The social differentiation in small groups of captive female hamadryas baboons was examined. Two positions could be distinguished: The highest ranking female, denoted as central individual, monopolized nearly all the presenting, mounting and grooming interactions. The lower ranking females, denoted as peripheral individuals, competed for access to the central female. All dyads of a group were arranged in a rank order according to the amount of sociopositive interaction which they reached within the group. This order of prevalence of dyads was positively correlated with the sum of dominance ranks of the dyad and the mutual attraction as estimated by choice tests. A multiple rank correlation demonstrated that the influence of the sum of ranks and of mutual attraction were nearly independent. If an individual's relationship to the central female had a higher rank of prevalence than that of its rival, it intervened more often and more successfully when the rival tried to interact with the central female. Interventions served to defend rather than to establish relationships. The results are compared with other studies that discuss basic principles governing structuring processes in nonhuman primate groups.
|
