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Zeeb K,. (1963). E. caballus – Sozialverhalten während der Paarungszeit. E.C. E, 508, 1–5.
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Zeeb K,. (1963). E. caballus – Hautpflegeverhalten. E.C. E, 507, 1–5.
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Zeeb K,. (1963). E. caballus – Erkundungs – und Meideverhalten. E.C. E, 506, 1–5.
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Zeeb K,. (1963). E. caballus – Ausdrucksbewegungen. E.C. E., 505, 1–5.
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Ferrero, D. M., Moeller, L. M., Osakada, T., Horio, N., Li, Q., Roy, D. S., et al. (2013). A juvenile mouse pheromone inhibits sexual behaviour through the vomeronasal system. Nature, 502(7471), 368–371.
Abstract: Animals display a repertoire of different social behaviours. Appropriate behavioural responses depend on sensory input received during social interactions. In mice, social behaviour is driven by pheromones, chemical signals that encode information related to age, sex and physiological state1. However, although mice show different social behaviours towards adults, juveniles and neonates, sensory cues that enable specific recognition of juvenile mice are unknown. Here we describe a juvenile pheromone produced by young mice before puberty, termed exocrine-gland secreting peptide 22 (ESP22). ESP22 is secreted from the lacrimal gland and released into tears of 2- to 3-week-old mice. Upon detection, ESP22 activates high-affinity sensory neurons in the vomeronasal organ, and downstream limbic neurons in the medial amygdala. Recombinant ESP22, painted on mice, exerts a powerful inhibitory effect on adult male mating behaviour, which is abolished in knockout mice lacking TRPC2, a key signalling component of the vomeronasal organ2, 3. Furthermore, knockout of TRPC2 or loss of ESP22 production results in increased sexual behaviour of adult males towards juveniles, and sexual responses towards ESP22-deficient juveniles are suppressed by ESP22 painting. Thus, we describe a pheromone of sexually immature mice that controls an innate social behaviour, a response pathway through the accessory olfactory system and a new role for vomeronasal organ signalling in inhibiting sexual behaviour towards young. These findings provide a molecular framework for understanding how a sensory system can regulate behaviour.
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Chittka, L., & Dyer, A. (2012). Cognition: Your face looks familiar. Nature, 481(7380), 154–155.
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Apicella, C. L., Marlowe, F. W., Fowler, J. H., & Christakis, N. A. (2012). Social networks and cooperation in hunter-gatherers. Nature, 481(7382), 497–501.
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Zeitler-Feicht, M. H., Streit, S., & Dempfle, L. (2009). Abrufautomaten für Pferde im Offenlaufstall im Vergleich – Besuchshäufigkeit, Aufenthaltsdauer und Anzahl an Auseinandersetzungen [A comparison of automatic feeding systems for horses in run-out-sheds – frequency of visit, duration of stay and number of conflicts]. In KTBL-Schrift (Vol. 479).
Abstract: In 32 Offenlaufställen mit computergesteuerten Abrufstationen wurden die Aufenthaltsdauer
und Besuchshäufigkeit sowie das Droh- und Meideverhalten von 439 Pferden im
Füttererungsbereich erfasst. Je Betrieb erfolgten visuelle kontinuierliche Direktbeobachtungen
nach dem Tortenstückverfahren (6 x 4 Stunden) für je einen 24-Stunden-Tag.
Ziel war die Überprüfung der verschiedenen Bauausführungen der Abrufstationen unter
dem Aspekt der Tiergerechtheit. Eine Einwegstation reduzierte signifikant die Anzahl an Auseinandersetzungen
im Fütterungsbereich. Demgegenüber führten die für das fressende Pferd
tiergerechten Varianten (Fressstand mit Eingangssperre und ohne Austreibehilfe) zu einer
Erhöhung der Besuchshäufigkeit und Aufenthaltsdauer und somit auch zu einer erhöhten
Anzahl an Drohgesten. Doch insgesamt betrachtet, kann die Anzahl an sozionegativen
Interaktionen im Fütterungsbereich der Abrufstationen als relativ gering eingestuft werden.
Da sich außerdem der Betrieb (Management, Fläche, Konzeption) als maßgeblicher Einflussfaktor
auf die überprüften Parameter erwies, dürften die Unterschiede in der Bauausführung
der derzeitigen Abrufstationen für Pferde eher von untergeordneter Bedeutung sein.
[Duration of stay, frequency of visit, threatening gestures and behaviour of avoidance of
439 horses was observed at the feeding area of 32 run-out-sheds. The observation was based
on the method of visual continuously direct watching after the pie chart system (6 x 4 hours)
over a period of 24 hours. The observation should show which construction of the different
automatic feeding systems corresponded best under the aspect of animal welfare.
It was obvious that the one-way-station reduced significantly the number of conflicts
in the feeding area, whereas those systems which are appropriate for the eating horses
(feeding station with access barrier and without stimulation device by electric shock) led
to a higher frequency of visits and duration of stay as well as to more threatening gestures.
Considering altogether, the number of negative interactions in the feeding area of the feeding
systems can be classified as comparatively unimportant. As it showed that the stable
(management, stable area, conception) was of important influence on the surveyed parameters,
the differences between the constructions of feeding stations for horses of present
systems are probably of less meaning.]
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Siniscalchi, M., Sasso, R., Pepe, A. M., Dimatteo, S., Vallortigara, G., & Quaranta, A. (2010). Catecholamine plasma levels following immune stimulation with rabies vaccine in dogs selected for their paw preferences. Neuroscience Letters, 476(3), 142–145.
Abstract: Epinephrine and norepinephrine plasma levels were assessed in dogs in relation to paw preference following an immune challenge with rabies vaccine. The results showed that both catecholamines increased after the vaccine administration, confirming the main role of the sympathetic nervous system in the modulation activity between the brain and the immune system. Moreover, ambidextrous dogs showed a significantly higher increase of epinephrine levels 8 days after immunization with respect to right- and left-pawed dogs, suggesting that the biological activity of this molecule could be key for a different immune response with regard to laterality.
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Weissing, F. J. (2011). Animal behaviour: Born leaders. Nature, 474(7351), 288–289.
Abstract: Social animals face a dilemma. To reap the benefits of group living, they have to stay together. However, individuals differ in their preferences as to where to go and what to do next. If all individuals follow their own preferences, group coherence is undermined, resulting in an outcome that is unfavourable for everyone. Neglecting one's own preferences and following a leader is one way to resolve this coordination problem. But what attributes make an individual a 'leader'? A modelling study by Johnstone and Manica1 illuminates this question.
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