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Alexander, F., Macpherson, M. J. D., & Oxford, A. E. (1952). Fermentative activities of some members of the normal coccal flora of the horse's large intestine. J Comp Pathol, 62(4), 252–259.
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Alexander, F. (1952). The effects of some humoral agents on the horse ileum. Br J Pharmacol Chemother, 7(1), 25–32.
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Alexander, F. (1952). Some functions of the large intestine of the horse. Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci, 37(4), 205–214.
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Alexander, F. (1951). The preparation of Biebl loops and Thiry-Vella fistulae of the ileum of the horse. J Physiol, 115(4), 63–4 P.
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Alexander, F., & Benzie, D. (1951). A radiological study of the digestive tract of the foal. Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci, 36(4), 213–217.
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Alexander, R., MCN et al. (1977). Fast locomotion of some african ungulates. J Zool, 183(3), 291–300.
Abstract: ABSTRACT
Ten species of ungulate were filmed, galloping in their natural habitat. They ranged in size from Thomson's gazelle (about 20 kg) to giraffe (about 1000 kg). They were pursued to make them run as fast as possible. The films have been analysed to determine speed, stride frequency, stride and step lengths, and duty factors. The dependence of these quantities on body size is discussed.
Summary:
Fast locomotion of zebra, giraffe, warthog and seven species of Bovidae has been studied. The animals were filmed from a pursuing vehicle while galloping in their natural habitat.
Stride frequency was more closely correlated with limb length (represented by hip height) than with body mass. Mean stride frequency was proportional to (hip height)-0·51 and maximum stride frequency to (hip height) -0·63.
Maximum speed was between 10 and 14 m s -1 for all species except buffalo (7 m s -1). It was not significantly correlated with body mass.
Since the small species ran at least as fast as the large ones they attained higher Froude numbers. Relative stride length was approximately 1·8 (Froude number)0·39 for all species, irrespective of size. Relative step length was approximately 0·65 (Froude number)0·2, both for the fore feet and for the hind ones. The vertical forces exerted by the feet are proportional to (body weight)×(Froude number)0·2 so the forces at maximum speed are larger multiples of body weight for small species than for large ones.
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Weik, H., Lingk, W., & Altmann, H. J. (1972). [Behavior of individual fatty acids during in-vitro lipolysis and resynthesis in equine depot fat]. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A, 19(8), 677–685.
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Weik, H., & Altmann, J. (1972). The effect of L(+)-lactate on rat and horse adipose tissue in vitro. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A, 19(6), 514–518.
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Altmann, H. J., & Weik, H. (1971). [Serum fatty acid patterns of phospholipid fractions in horses]. Z Tierphysiol Tierernahr Futtermittelkd, 28(5), 285–288.
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Weik, H., & Altmann, H. J. (1971). [Behavior of blood lipids during fasting in the horse]. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A, 18(2), 131–138.
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