Records |
Author |
Giles, S.L.; Nicol, C.J.; Harris, P.A.; Rands, S.A. |
Title |
Dominance rank is associated with body condition in outdoor-living domestic horses (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
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Equine; fatness; obesity; social behaviour; displacement |
Abstract |
Abstract The aim of our study was to explore the association between dominance rank and body condition in outdoor group-living domestic horses, Equus caballus. Social interactions were recorded using a video camera during a feeding test, applied to 203 horses in 42 herds. Dominance rank was assigned to 194 individuals. The outcome variable body condition score (BCS) was recorded using a 9-point scale. The variables age and height were recorded and considered as potential confounders or effect modifiers. Results were analysed using multivariable linear and logistic regression techniques, controlling for herd group as a random effect. More dominant (p = 0.001) individuals generally had a higher body condition score (p = 0.001) and this association was entirely independent of age and height. In addition, a greater proportion of dominant individuals fell into the obese category (BCS >= 7/9, p = 0.005). There were more displacement encounters and a greater level of interactivity in herds that had less variation in age and height, lending strength to the hypothesis that phenotypic variation may aid cohesion in group-living species. In addition there was a strong quadratic relationship between age and dominance rank (p < 0.001), where middle-aged individuals were most likely to be dominant. These results are the first to link behavioural predictors to body condition and obesity status in horses and should prompt the future consideration of behavioural and social factors when evaluating clinical disease risk in group-living animals. |
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0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Giles2015 |
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5864 |
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Author |
Krause, J.; James, R.; Franks, D.W.; Croft, D. P. |
Title |
Animal Social Networks. |
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Book Whole |
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2015 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5883 |
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Author |
Rubenstein D.I. |
Title |
Networks of terrestrial ungulates: linking form and function |
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Book Chapter |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Animal Social Networks |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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Krause, J., James, R., Franks, D. W., & Croft, D. P. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5884 |
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Merola, I.; Lazzaroni, M.; Marshall-Pescini, S.; Prato-Previde, E. |
Title |
Social referencing and cat–human communication |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
18 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
639-648 |
Keywords |
Social referencing; Cats; Gaze alternation; Social learning; Human–cat communication |
Abstract |
Cats’ (Felis catus) communicative behaviour towards humans was explored using a social referencing paradigm in the presence of a potentially frightening object. One group of cats observed their owner delivering a positive emotional message, whereas another group received a negative emotional message. The aim was to evaluate whether cats use the emotional information provided by their owners about a novel/unfamiliar object to guide their own behaviour towards it. We assessed the presence of social referencing, in terms of referential looking towards the owner (defined as looking to the owner immediately before or after looking at the object), the behavioural regulation based on the owner’s emotional (positive vs negative) message (vocal and facial), and the observational conditioning following the owner’s actions towards the object. Most cats (79 %) exhibited referential looking between the owner and the object, and also to some extent changed their behaviour in line with the emotional message given by the owner. Results are discussed in relation to social referencing in other species (dogs in particular) and cats’ social organization and domestication history. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1435-9448 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5885 |
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Author |
Defolie, C.; Malassis, R.; Serre, M.; Meunier, H. |
Title |
Tufted capuchins (Cebus apella) adapt their communicative behaviour to human’s attentional states |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
18 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
747-755 |
Keywords |
Gestural communication; Intentionality; Non-human primates; Social cognition; Attention; Pointing |
Abstract |
Animal communication has become a widely studied field of research, especially because of the associated debates on the origin of human language. Due to their phylogenetic proximity with humans, non-human primates represent a suitable model to investigate the precursors of language. This study focuses on the perception of the attentional states of others, an important prerequisite to intentional communication. We investigated whether capuchins (Cebus apella) produce a learnt pointing gesture towards a hidden and unreachable food reward as a function of the attentional status of the human experimenter. For that purpose, we tested five subjects that we first trained to indicate by a pointing gesture towards the human partner the position of a reward hidden by an assistant. Then, capuchins were tested in two experimental conditions randomly ordered. In the first condition—motivation trial—the experimenter was attentive to the subject gestures and rewarded him immediately when it pointed towards the baited cylinder. During the second condition—test trial—the experimenter adopted one of the following attention states and the subject was rewarded after 10 s has elapsed, regardless of the subject’s behaviour. Five attentional states were tested: (1) experimenter absent, (2) experimenter back to the monkey, (3) experimenter’s head away, (4) experimenter watching above the monkey, and (5) experimenter watching the monkey face. Our results reveal a variation in our subjects’ communicative behaviours with a discrimination of the different postural clues (body and head orientation) available in our experimental conditions. This study suggests that capuchins can flexibly use a communicative gesture to adapt to the attentional state of their partner and provides evidence that acquired communicative gestures of monkeys might be used intentionally. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1435-9448 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5886 |
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Author |
Oliva, J.L.; Rault, J.-L.; Appleton, B.; Lill, A. |
Title |
Oxytocin enhances the appropriate use of human social cues by the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) in an object choice task |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
18 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
767-775 |
Keywords |
Cognition; Cues; Dog; Oxytocin; Social |
Abstract |
It has been postulated that the neuropeptide, oxytocin, is involved in human–dog bonding. This may explain why dogs, compared to wolves, are such good performers on object choice tasks, which test their ability to attend to, and use, human social cues in order to find hidden food treats. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intranasal oxytocin administration, which is known to increase social cognition in humans, on domestic dogs’ ability to perform such a task. We hypothesised that dogs would perform better on the task after an intranasal treatment of oxytocin. Sixty-two (31 males and 31 females) pet dogs completed the experiment over two different testing sessions, 5–15 days apart. Intranasal oxytocin or a saline control was administered 45 min before each session. All dogs received both treatments in a pseudo-randomised, counterbalanced order. Data were collected as scores out of ten for each of the four blocks of trials in each session. Two blocks of trials were conducted using a momentary distal pointing cue and two using a gazing cue, given by the experimenter. Oxytocin enhanced performance using momentary distal pointing cues, and this enhanced level of performance was maintained over 5–15 days time in the absence of oxytocin. Oxytocin also decreased aversion to gazing cues, in that performance was below chance levels after saline administration but at chance levels after oxytocin administration. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1435-9448 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5887 |
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Author |
Takaoka, A.; Maeda, T.; Hori, Y.; Fujita, K. |
Title |
Do dogs follow behavioral cues from an unreliable human? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim.Cogn. |
Volume |
18 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
475-483 |
Keywords |
Dog; Dog–human interaction; Selective trust; Pointing; Object choice task |
Abstract |
Dogs are known to consistently follow human pointing gestures. In this study, we asked whether dogs “automatically” do this or whether they flexibly adjust their behavior depending upon the reliability of the pointer, demonstrated in an immediately preceding event. We tested pet dogs in a version of the object choice task in which a piece of food was hidden in one of the two containers. In Experiment 1, Phase 1, an experimenter pointed at the baited container; the second container was empty. In Phase 2, after showing the contents of both containers to the dogs, the experimenter pointed at the empty container. In Phase 3, the procedure was exactly as in Phase 1. We compared the dogs’ responses to the experimenter’s pointing gestures in Phases 1 and 3. Most dogs followed pointing in Phase 1, but many fewer did so in Phase 3. In Experiment 2, dogs followed a new experimenter’s pointing in Phase 3 following replication of procedures of Phases 1 and 2 in Experiment 1. This ruled out the possibility that dogs simply lost motivation to participate in the task in later phases. These results suggest that not only dogs are highly skilled at understanding human pointing gestures, but also they make inferences about the reliability of a human who presents cues and consequently modify their behavior flexibly depending on the inference. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1435-9448 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5888 |
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Author |
Krueger, K. (ed) |
Title |
Proceedings of the 3. International Equine Science Meeting |
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Conference Volume |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
IESM 2015 |
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Xenophon Publishing |
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Wald |
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Krueger, K. |
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Proc. 3. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
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978-3-95625-000-2 |
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Id - |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5906 |
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Author |
Yarnell, K.; Hall, C.; Royle, C.; Walker, S.L. |
Title |
Domesticated horses differ in their behavioural and physiological responses to isolated and group housing |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol.Behav. |
Volume |
143 |
Issue |
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Pages |
51-57 |
Keywords |
Equine; Behaviour; Corticosterone; Housing |
Abstract |
Abstract The predominant housing system used for domestic horses is individual stabling; however, housing that limits social interaction and requires the horse to live in semi-isolation has been reported to be a concern for equine welfare. The aim of the current study was to compare behavioural and physiological responses of domestic horses in different types of housing design that provided varying levels of social contact. Horses (n = 16) were divided equally into four groups and exposed to each of four housing treatments for a period of five days per treatment in a randomized block design. The four housing treatments used were single housed no physical contact (SHNC), single housed semi-contact (SHSC), paired housed full contact (PHFC) and group housed full contact (GHFC). During each housing treatment, adrenal activity was recorded using non-invasive faecal corticosterone metabolite analysis (fGC). Thermal images of the eye were captured and eye temperature was assessed as a non-invasive measure of the stress response. Behavioural analysis of time budget was carried out and an ease of handling score was assigned to each horse in each treatment using video footage. SHNC horses had significantly higher (p = 0.01) concentrations of fGC and were significantly (p = 0.003) more difficult to handle compared to the other housing types. GHFC horses, although not significantly different, had numerically lower concentrations of fGC and were more compliant to handling when compared to all other housing treatments. Eye temperature was significantly (p = 0.0001) lower in the group housed treatment when compared to all other treatments. These results indicate that based on physiological and behavioural measures incorporating social contact into the housing design of domestic horses could improve the standard of domestic equine welfare. |
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0031-9384 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5920 |
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Author |
Rørvang, M.V.; Ahrendt, L.P.; Christensen, J.W. |
Title |
A trained demonstrator has a calming effect on naïve horses when crossing a novel surface |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume |
171 |
Issue |
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Pages |
117-120 |
Keywords |
Fear; Habituation; Social learning; Social transmission; Heart rate |
Abstract |
Abstract Habituated horses have been found to have a calming effect on conspecifics in fear-eliciting situations. In practice, experienced horses are often used as companions when young horses are introduced to potentially frightening situations, like loading onto a trailer. However, studies of social transmission of habituation in horses are scarce. This study investigated if demonstration by a habituated demonstrator horse influenced the willingness of young Icelandic horses (n = 22, 3 years old) to cross a novel surface. Observer horses (n = 11) were allowed to observe the similarly aged demonstrator horse being led five times across a novel surface. Immediately afterwards the observer horses were given the opportunity to cross the novel surface themselves to obtain food on the other side. Controls (n = 11) were allowed to observe the demonstrator eating on the opposite side of the novel surface but not the demonstration of crossing the novel surface. All observers and controls succeeded the task, but observers had significantly lower average and maximum heart rate, compared to controls. This result suggests a calming effect of the demonstration, which could be exploited for habituation training of horses in fear-eliciting situations. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5922 |
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