| Records |
| Author |
Clayton, H.M.; Larson, B.; Kaiser, L.A.J.; Lavagnino, M. |
| Title |
Length and elasticity of side reins affect rein tension at trot |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
188 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
291-294 |
| Keywords |
Horse; Equitation; Training; Rein aids |
| Abstract |
This study investigated the horse’s contribution to tension in the reins. The experimental hypotheses were that tension in side reins (1) increases biphasically in each trot stride, (2) changes inversely with rein length, and (3) changes with elasticity of the reins. Eight riding horses trotted in hand at consistent speed in a straight line wearing a bit and bridle and three types of side reins (inelastic, stiff elastic, compliant elastic) were evaluated in random order at long, neutral, and short lengths. Strain gauge transducers (240 Hz) measured minimal, maximal and mean rein tension, rate of loading and impulse. The effects of rein type and length were evaluated using ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests. Rein tension oscillated in a regular pattern with a peak during each diagonal stance phase. Within each rein type, minimal, maximal and mean tensions were higher with shorter reins. At neutral or short lengths, minimal tension increased and maximal tension decreased with elasticity of the reins. Short, inelastic reins had the highest maximal tension and rate of loading. Since the tension variables respond differently to rein elasticity at different lengths, it is recommended that a set of variables representing different aspects of rein tension should be reported. |
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| ISSN |
1090-0233 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6124 |
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| Author |
Baragli, P.; Paoletti, E.; Vitale, V.; Sighieri, C. |
| Title |
Looking in the correct location for a hidden object: brief note about the memory of donkeys (Equus asinus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ethology Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology Ecology & Evolution |
| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
187-192 |
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| Abstract |
In recent years, considerable literature has been published on cognition in horses; however, much less is known about the cognitive abilities of domestic donkey (Equus asinus). This study aimed to expand our knowledge of donkey cognition by assessing their short-term memory capacity. We employed a detour problem combined with the classic delayed-response task, which has been extensively used to compare working memory duration in a variety of different species. A two-point choice apparatus was used to investigate location recall and search behaviour for a food target, after a short delay following its disappearance. Four donkeys completed the task with a 10 sec delay, while four others were tested with a 30 sec delay. Overall, each group performed above chance level on the test, showing that subjects had successfully encoded, maintained, and retrieved the existence and location of the target despite the loss of visual contact. |
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Taylor & Francis |
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0394-9370 |
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doi: 10.1080/03949370.2011.554885 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6177 |
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| Author |
Baragli, P.; Vitale, V.; Paoletti, E.; Mengoli, M.; Sighieri, C. |
| Title |
Encoding the Object Position for Assessment of Short Term Spatial Memory in Horses (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
International Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
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In this study, the detour problem was combined with the classic delayed-response task to investigate equine short-term spatial memory. Test subjects were eight female horses, divided into two groups (A and B) of four subjects each. The motivating object was made to move and disappear behind one oftwo identical obstacles in a two-point-choice apparatus. After a 10 s (Group A) or 30 s (Group B) delay the animal was released to seek the object. Both groups made more correct (14.8 ± 1.3 forGroup A and 13.5 ± 3.1 for Group B, mean ± SD) than incorrect choices (5.3 ± 1.3 for Group A and6.5 ± 3.1 for Group B, mean ± SD) and the performance of each group was significantly above chance level (z = 4.14, p = 0.000, for Group A and z = 3.02, p = 0.002, for Group B). Therefore, tested animals were able to recover the object by approaching the correct obstacle after 10 s or 30 s delays, showing that they had encoded and recovered from memory the existence of the target object and its location. |
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2168-3344 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6178 |
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| Author |
Hampson, B.A.; Zabek, M.A.; Pollitt, C.C.; Nock, B. |
| Title |
Health and behaviour consequences of feral horse relocation |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Rangel. J. |
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| Volume |
33 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
173-180 |
| Keywords |
equine, GPS, movement, range. |
| Abstract |
Despite ongoing projects involving the breeding and release of equids into semi-wild and wild environments, insufficient information is available in the literature that describes strategies used by equids to adapt and survive in a novel environment. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of naïve, feral Equus caballus (horse) mares to cope in a novel feral horse environment and investigate possible reasons why some may not survive this challenge. Four mares taken from a semi-arid desert environment remained in good health but significantly changed their movement behaviour pattern when surrounded by prime grazing habitat in a mesic temperate grassland. Three of the four mares captured from the prime grazing habitat and released in the semi-arid desert habitat died, apparently due to stress and/or starvation, within 8 weeks of release. The fourth mare survived 4 months but lost considerable weight.The group of mares relocated to the semi-arid desert environment had difficulty adapting to relocation and did not take up the movement behaviour strategy of local horses, which required long distance treks from a central water hole to distant feeding areas at least 15 km away. The movement behaviour, range use and health consequences of relocating equids may be of interest to wildlife ecologists, animal behaviourists and horse welfare groups. The observations may be used to guide those intending on relocating managed domestic and native horses to novel habitats. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6210 |
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Van Schaik, C.P.; Burkart, J.M. |
| Title |
Social learning and evolution: the cultural intelligence hypothesis |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Philos Trans R Soc B |
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366 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Van Schaik2011 |
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6227 |
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| Author |
Van Horik, J.; Emery, N. |
| Title |
Evolution of cognition |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci |
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2 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Van Horik2011 |
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6230 |
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van de Waal, E.; Bshary, R. |
| Title |
Social-learning abilities of wild vervet monkeys in a two-step task artificial fruit experiment |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Anim Behav |
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81 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ van de Waal2011 |
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6262 |
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Morand-Ferron, J.; Cole, E.F.; Rawles, J.E.C.; Quinn, J.L. |
| Title |
Who are the innovators? A field experiment with 2 passerine species |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Behav Ecol |
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22 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Morand-Ferron2011 |
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6264 |
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| Author |
Krange, O.; Skogen, K. |
| Title |
When the lads go hunting: The 'Hammertown mechanism' and the conflict over wolves in Norway |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ethnography |
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Ethnography |
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12 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
466-489 |
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Rural communities are changing. Depopulation and unemployment is accompanied by the advance of new perspectives on nature, where protection trumps resource extraction. These developments are perceived as threatening by rural working-class people with close ties to traditional land use ? a situation they often meet with cultural resistance. Cultural resistance is not necessarily launched against institutionalized power, nor does it necessarily imply a desire for fundamental social change. It should rather be seen as a struggle for autonomy. However, autonomy does not entail influence outside the cultural realm. Struggles to uphold traditional rural lifestyles ? for example by denouncing the current nature conservation regime ? could be understood in much the same conceptual framework as Willis employed in ?Learning to labour?. Based on an ethnographic study of the conflicts over wolf protection, we demonstrate that ?the Hammertown mechanism? is of a more general nature than often implied in the discussion of Willis? work. |
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SAGE Publications |
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1466-1381 |
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doi: 10.1177/1466138110397227 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6425 |
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Burn, C.C. |
| Title |
A Vicious Cycle: A Cross-Sectional Study of Canine Tail-Chasing and Human Responses to It, Using a Free Video-Sharing Website |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Plos One |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plos One |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
e26553 |
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Tail-chasing is widely celebrated as normal canine behaviour in cultural references. However, all previous scientific studies of tail-chasing or 'spinning' have comprised small clinical populations of dogs with neurological, compulsive or other pathological conditions; most were ultimately euthanased. Thus, there is great disparity between scientific and public information on tail-chasing. I gathered data on the first large (n = 400), non-clinical tail-chasing population, made possible through a vast, free, online video repository, YouTube[TM]. The demographics of this online population are described and discussed. Approximately one third of tail-chasing dogs showed clinical signs, including habitual (daily or 'all the time') or perseverative (difficult to distract) performance of the behaviour. These signs were observed across diverse breeds. Clinical signs appeared virtually unrecognised by the video owners and commenting viewers; laughter was recorded in 55% of videos, encouragement in 43%, and the commonest viewer descriptors were that the behaviour was 'funny' (46%) or 'cute' (42%). Habitual tail-chasers had 6.5+/-2.3 times the odds of being described as 'Stupid' than other dogs, and perseverative dogs were 6.8+/-2.1 times more frequently described as 'Funny' than distractible ones were. Compared with breed- and age-matched control videos, tail-chasing videos were significantly more often indoors and with a computer/television screen switched on. These findings highlight that tail-chasing is sometimes pathological, but can remain untreated, or even be encouraged, because of an assumption that it is 'normal' dog behaviour. The enormous viewing figures that YouTube[TM] attracts (mean+/-s.e. = 863+/-197 viewings per tail-chasing video) suggest that this perception will be further reinforced, without effective intervention. |
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Public Library of Science |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6378 |
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