Records |
Author |
Heitor, F.; Vicente, L. |
Title |
Dominance relationships and patterns of aggression in a bachelor group of Sorraia horses (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethol. |
Volume |
28 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
35-44 |
Keywords |
Horse – Equus – Dominance relationship – Rank – Agonistic interaction |
Abstract |
Abstract The influence of individual factors on dominance rank and the relationship between rank distance and patterns of aggression predicted by models of evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) of animal conflict were investigated in a managed bachelor group of Sorraia horses, Equus caballus. The group was composed of four to six stallions 3- to 12-years-old during the study period. The dominance hierarchy was significantly linear and rank was not related to age, weight, height or aggressiveness. Frequency and intensity of agonistic interactions were low, but higher-ranking stallions did not receive lower aggressiveness than lower-ranking stallions. There was some evidence that dominance relationships were more contested among close-ranking stallions, as predicted. Agonistic-related interactions among close-ranking stallions served similar functions to those among distant-ranking stallions, but the latter interacted more frequently than expected for access to resting sites and/or resting partners. Therefore, we found some evidence that agonistic-related interactions among distant-ranking stallions play a larger role in providing access to valuable and defendable resources than those among close-ranking stallions. Nevertheless, the fact that space to escape from aggression was limited and breeding access was independent from dominance rank may have reduced the benefits relative to costs of aggression and therefore limited the occurrence of contests over dominance and resources. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5099 |
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Author |
Heitor, F.; Vicente, L. |
Title |
Affiliative relationships among Sorraia mares: influence of age, dominance, kinship and reproductive state |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethol. |
Volume |
28 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
133-140 |
Keywords |
Sorraia horse – Affiliative relationship – Dominance – Kinship – Reproductive state |
Abstract |
Abstract Affiliative relationships among mares were examined in a managed group of Sorraia horses, Equus caballus, over a 3-year period. We assessed the influence of age, dominance, kinship and reproductive state on the strength of affiliative relationships and diversity of partners. The herd comprised 9–11 mares that had known each other since birth, their foals and a stallion that remained in the group exclusively during the breeding season. In contrast to a previous study, kinship did not significantly affect bonds. Mares tended to spend more time in proximity to those in the same reproductive state. Affiliative relationships among mares were relatively stable but their strength decreased after foaling, possibly as a function of foal protection and bonding between dam and foal. There was no consistent evidence that mares disengaged from affiliative relationships with increasing age. As expected, dominant mares and barren mares contributed the most to affiliative relationships. Dominance rank increased with age, but dominance relationships were stable and did not change after foaling. Overall, reproductive state was the factor that had the most consistent influence on affiliative relationships among Sorraia mares. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5100 |
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Tomkins, L.M.; Williams, K.A.; Thomson, P.C.; McGreevy, P.D. |
Title |
Sensory Jump Test as a measure of sensory (visual) lateralization in dogs (Canis familiaris) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
256-267 |
Keywords |
sensory lateralization; monocular vision; binocular vision; jump kinematics; dog |
Abstract |
Sensory lateralization in dogs (n = 74) was investigated in this study using our innovation, the Sensory Jump Test. This required the modification of head halters to create three different ocular treatments (binocular, right, and left monocular vision) for eye preference assessment in a jumping task. Ten jumps were recorded as a jump set for each treatment. Measurements recorded included (i) launch and landing paws, (ii) type of jump, (iii) approach distance, (iv) clearance height of the forepaw, hindpaw, and the lowest part of the body to clear the jump, and (v) whether the jump was successful. Factors significantly associated with these jump outcomes included ocular treatment, jump set number, and replication number. Most notably, in the first jump set, findings indicated a left hemispheric dominance for the initial navigation of the Sensory Jump Test, as left monocular vision (LMV) compromised of jumping more than right monocular (RMV) and binocular vision, with a significantly reduced approach distance and forepaw clearance observed in dogs with LMV. However, by the third jump set, dogs undergoing LMV launched from a greater approach distance and with a higher clearance height, corresponding to an increase in success rate of the jump, in comparison with RMV and binocular vision dogs. A marginally non-significant RMV bias was observed for eye preference based on the laterality indices for approach distance (P = 0.060) and lowest body part clearance height (P = 0.067). A comparison between eye preference and launching or landing paws showed no association between these measures of sensory and motor laterality. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on sensory lateralization in the dog, and furthermore, to compare both motor and sensory laterality in dogs. |
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1558-7878 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ S1558-7878(10)00019-5 |
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5379 |
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Author |
McGreevy, P.D.; Harman, A.; McLean, A.; Hawson, L. |
Title |
Over-flexing the horse's neck: A modern equestrian obsession? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research |
Volume |
5 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
180-186 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
We used an opportunistic review of photographs of different adult and juvenile horses walking, trotting, and cantering (n = 828) to compare the angle of the nasal plane relative to vertical in feral and domestic horses at liberty (n = 450) with ridden horses advertised in a popular Australian horse magazine (n = 378). We assumed that horses in advertisements were shown at, what was perceived by the vendors to be, their best. Of the ridden horses, 68% had their nasal plane behind the vertical. The mean angle of the unridden horses at walk, trot, and canter (30.7 ± 11.5; 27.3 ± 12.0; 25.5 ± 11.0) was significantly greater than those of the ridden horses (1.4 ± 14.1; ?5.1 ± ?11.1; 3.1 ± 15.4, P < 0.001). Surprisingly, unridden domestic horses showed greater angles than feral horses or domestic horses at liberty. We compared adult and juvenile horses in all 3 gaits and found no significant difference. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the longitudinal neck flexion of the degree desirable by popular opinion in ridden horses is not a common feature of unridden horses moving naturally. Moreover, they suggest that advertised horses in our series are generally being ridden at odds with their natural carriage and contrary to the international rules of dressage (as published by the International Equestrian Federation). These findings are discussed against the backdrop of the established doctrine, which states that carrying a rider necessitates changes in longitudinal flexion, and in the context of the current debate around hyperflexion. |
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Elsevier |
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1558-7878 |
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doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2010.03.004 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6501 |
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Author |
Tomkins, L.M.; McGreevy, P.D.; Branson, N.J. |
Title |
Lack of standardization in reporting motor laterality in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
235-239 |
Keywords |
dog; motor laterality; lateralization; paw preference; standardization |
Abstract |
Over the past 2 decades, numerous studies have been undertaken to assess motor laterality in the domestic dog. In anticipation of growth in this area of enquiry, we decided to review the literature on canine motor biases to identify any shortcomings, reflect on the lessons to be learned from and offer ways forward for future research into canine laterality. The aim of this review is to (i) summarize motor laterality findings in the dog, (ii) highlight areas lacking in standardization, and (iii) propose necessary criteria for future tests and global reporting protocols. Our review of the literature highlighted the lack of standardization between studies in task selection, sample size, number of behavior scores recorded, and the methods by which motor laterality were classified and reported. This review illustrates the benefits of standardizing methods of motor laterality assessment so that comparisons can be made between the populations sampled. By adopting such an approach, researchers should mutually benefit as motor laterality data could then be compared and subjected to meta-analysis. |
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1558-7878 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ S1558-7878(10)00038-9 |
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5378 |
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Author |
Zucca, P.; Baciadonna, L.; Masci, S.; Mariscoli, M. |
Title |
Illness as a source of variation of laterality in lions (Panthera leo) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Laterality |
Abbreviated Journal |
Laterality |
Volume |
16 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
356-366 |
Keywords |
Brain lateralisation; Illness; Iions; Panthera leo; Footedness |
Abstract |
Brain asymmetry—i.e. the specialisation of each cerebral hemisphere for sensorimotor processing mechanisms and for specific cognitive functions—is widely distributed among vertebrates. Several factors, such as embryological manipulations, sex, age, and breeds, can influence the maintenance, strength, and direction of laterality within a certain vertebrate species. Brain lateralisation is a universal phenomenon characterising not only cerebral control of cognitive or emotion-related functions but also cerebral regulation of somatic processes, and its evolution is strongly influenced by social selection pressure. Diseases are well known to be a cost of sociality but their role in influencing behaviour has received very little attention. The present study investigates the influence of illness conditions as a source of variation on laterality in a social keystone vertebrate predator model, the lion. In a preliminary stage, the clinical conditions of 24 adult lions were assessed. The same animals were scored for forelimb preference when in the quadrupedal standing position. Lions show a marked forelimb preference with a population bias towards the use of the right forelimb. Illness conditions strongly influenced the strength of laterality bias, with a significant difference between clinically healthy and sick lions. According to these results, health conditions should be recognised as an important source of variation in brain lateralisation. |
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Psychology Press |
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1357-650x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5372 |
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Author |
Oliveira-Santos, L.G.R.; Machado-Filho, L.C.P.; Tortato, M.A.; Brusius, L. |
Title |
Influence of extrinsic variables on activity and habitat selection of lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) in the coastal sand plain shrub, southern Brazil |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Mammalian Biology – Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |
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75 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
219-226 |
Keywords |
Behaviour; Circadian rhythmic; Moonlight; Rainfall; Temperature |
Abstract |
The objectives of this research were to: 1. evaluate the circadian activity patterns of lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) throughout the seasons and 2. study the influence of moonlight, temperature and rainfall on the activity patterns and habitat selection of this species, in the coastal sand shrub in southern Brazil. From June 2005 to June 2006, eight tapirs were monitored in a large enclosure containing open and vegetation-covered areas, using four camera traps. Differences in activity patterns within seasons were found. Tapir predominately presented nocturnal-crepuscular activity; however, they differed in the winter, with cathemeral activity patterns. Covered areas were mostly used during periods of extreme temperatures, with less diurnal and more nocturnal activities within these areas, on hotter days. Activity in open areas mainly occurred during periods of intermediate temperatures, both during the day and in the night. Moonlight intensity did not influence nocturnal activities. On days of precipitation of 34 mm or more, there was no record of open-area activities, despite constant activity in covered-area. |
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1616-5047 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6140 |
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Author |
Huron, D. |
Title |
Voice Denumerability of Homogeneous Timbres |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
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Music Percept Interdiscip J |
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6 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Huron2010 |
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6472 |
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Author |
Nagy, M.; Akos, Z.; Biro, D.; Vicsek, T. |
Title |
Hierarchical group dynamics in pigeon flocks |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
464 |
Issue |
7290 |
Pages |
890-893 |
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Animals that travel together in groups display a variety of fascinating motion patterns thought to be the result of delicate local interactions among group members1, 2, 3. Although the most informative way of investigating and interpreting collective movement phenomena would be afforded by the collection of high-resolution spatiotemporal data from moving individuals, such data are scarce4, 5, 6, 7 and are virtually non-existent for long-distance group motion within a natural setting because of the associated technological difficulties8. Here we present results of experiments in which track logs of homing pigeons flying in flocks of up to 10 individuals have been obtained by high-resolution lightweight GPS devices and analysed using a variety of correlation functions inspired by approaches common in statistical physics. We find a well-defined hierarchy among flock members from data concerning leading roles in pairwise interactions, defined on the basis of characteristic delay times between birds’ directional choices. The average spatial position of a pigeon within the flock strongly correlates with its place in the hierarchy, and birds respond more quickly to conspecifics perceived primarily through the left eye—both results revealing differential roles for birds that assume different positions with respect to flock-mates. From an evolutionary perspective, our results suggest that hierarchical organization of group flight may be more efficient than an egalitarian one, at least for those flock sizes that permit regular pairwise interactions among group members, during which leader–follower relationships are consistently manifested. |
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Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved |
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0028-0836 |
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10.1038/nature08891 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5111 |
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Author |
Siniscalchi, M.; Sasso, R.; Pepe, A.M.; Dimatteo, S.; Vallortigara, G.; Quaranta, A. |
Title |
Catecholamine plasma levels following immune stimulation with rabies vaccine in dogs selected for their paw preferences |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Neuroscience Letters |
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476 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
142-145 |
Keywords |
Physiology; Behavior; Lateralization; Catecholamines; Paw preference; Neuro-immune-modulation |
Abstract |
Epinephrine and norepinephrine plasma levels were assessed in dogs in relation to paw preference following an immune challenge with rabies vaccine. The results showed that both catecholamines increased after the vaccine administration, confirming the main role of the sympathetic nervous system in the modulation activity between the brain and the immune system. Moreover, ambidextrous dogs showed a significantly higher increase of epinephrine levels 8 days after immunization with respect to right- and left-pawed dogs, suggesting that the biological activity of this molecule could be key for a different immune response with regard to laterality. |
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0304-3940 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5788 |
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