| Records |
| Author |
Veen, P.; Jefferson, R.; de Smidt, J.; van der Straaten, J. |
| Title |
Grasslands in Europe of high nature value |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
2009 |
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| Publisher |
Brill |
Place of Publication |
The Netherlands |
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No Linguistic Content |
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ISBN |
9789050113168 9050113168 9789004278103 9004278109 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ 6066883015 |
Serial |
6561 |
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| Author |
Krueger,K.; Flauger, B. |
| Title |
Social and individual olfaction through horse faeces (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Program of the 4. Thementagung der Ethologischen Gesellschaft, Februar 12 -14, 2009. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
23 |
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| Publisher |
Dpz. |
Place of Publication |
Göttingen |
Editor |
Kappeler,P.M. ; Schwibbe, M. |
| Language |
German |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5716 |
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| Author |
Hanggi, E.B.; Ingersoll, J.F. |
| Title |
Long-term memory for categories and concepts in horses (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
451-462 |
| Keywords |
Horse – Long-term memory – Concept – Categorization – Discrimination – LCD display – Equine |
| Abstract |
Three horses (Equus caballus) with a history of performing cognitive tasks including discrimination learning, categorization, and concept use were tested to evaluate their long-term memory (LTM) in three experiments. In addition, use of LCD multi-displays for stimulus presentation was incorporated into cognition testing protocol for the first time with horses. Experiment 1 tested LTM for discrimination learning that originally occurred 6 years earlier. Five sets of stimuli were used and the two horses tested showed no decrement in performance on four of the sets; however, both horses did score below chance on one set. Experiment 2 examined long-term categorization recall 10 years after horses had demonstrated the ability to make stimulus selections based on shared characteristics within a given category. The horse tested for LTM after the decade-long interval immediately and consistently applied the previously learned categorization rule to not only familiar but also novel sets of stimuli. Experiment 3 tested another horse for LTM for a relative size concept. This horse had originally demonstrated concept rule use in order to select stimuli based on their relative size to one another. More than 7 years later and without further training, this horse reliably applied the previously established size concept to both familiar and novel sets of stimuli. These findings are the first reports of long-term categorical and conceptual memory in horses and are consistent with observations of domestic and wild horses, which indicate that behavioral and ecological events may be remembered for long periods of time. These studies also demonstrate the adaptive nature of horses with regard to their ability to generalize over several different testing conditions. |
| Address |
Equine Research Foundation, P.O. Box 1900, Aptos, CA, 95001, USA, EquiResF@aol.com |
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| Language |
English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1435-9456 |
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| Notes |
PMID:19148689 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4760 |
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| Author |
Basile, M.; Boivin, S.; Boutin, A.; Blois-Heulin, C.; Hausberger, M.; Lemasson, A. |
| Title |
Socially dependent auditory laterality in domestic horses (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
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Pages |
611-619 |
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| Abstract |
Laterality is now known to be an ubiquitous phenomenon among the vertebrates. Particularly, laterality of auditory processing has been demonstrated in a variety of species, especially songbirds and primates. Such a hemispheric specialization has been shown to depend on factors such as sound structure, species specificity and types of stimuli. Much less is known on the possible influence of social familiarity although a few studies suggest such an influence. Here we tested the influence of the degree of familiarity on the laterality of the auditory response in the domestic horse. This species is known for its social system and shows visible reactions to sounds, with one or two ears moving towards a sound source. By comparing such responses to the playback of different conspecific whinnies (group member, neighbor and stranger), we could demonstrate a clear left hemisphere (LH) preference for familiar neighbor calls while no preference was found for group member and stranger calls. Yet, we found an opposite pattern of ear side preference for neighbor versus stranger calls. These results are, to our knowledge, the first to demonstrate auditory laterality in an ungulate species. They open further lines of thought on the influence of the social “value” of calls and the listener's arousal on auditory processing and laterality. |
| Address |
Universite de Rennes I, EthoS, Ethologie animale et humaine-UMR 6552-CNRS Station Biologique de Paimpont, 35380, Paimpont, France, basilemuriel@hotmail.com |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1435-9456 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:19283416 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4761 |
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| Author |
Gácsi, M.; McGreevy, P.; Kara, E.; Miklósi, Á. |
| Title |
Effects of selection for cooperation and attention in dogs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Behavioral and Brain Functions |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Brain Funct |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
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Pages |
31 |
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| Abstract |
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the functional similarities in the socio-cognitive behaviour of dogs and humans emerged as a consequence of comparable environmental selection pressures. Here we use a novel approach to account for the facilitating effect of domestication in dogs and reveal that selection for two factors under genetic influence (visual cooperation and focused attention) may have led independently to increased comprehension of human communicational cues. METHOD: In Study 1, we observed the performance of three groups of dogs in utilizing the human pointing gesture in a two-way object choice test. We compared breeds selected to work while visually separated from human partners (N = 30, 21 breeds, clustered as independent worker group), with those selected to work in close cooperation and continuous visual contact with human partners (N = 30, 22 breeds, clustered as cooperative worker group), and with a group of mongrels (N = 30).Secondly, it has been reported that, in dogs, selective breeding to produce an abnormal shortening of the skull is associated with a more pronounced area centralis (location of greatest visual acuity). In Study 2, breeds with high cephalic index and more frontally placed eyes (brachycephalic breeds, N = 25, 14 breeds) were compared with breeds with low cephalic index and laterally placed eyes (dolichocephalic breeds, N = 25, 14 breeds). RESULTS: In Study 1, cooperative workers were significantly more successful in utilizing the human pointing gesture than both the independent workers and the mongrels.In study 2, we found that brachycephalic dogs performed significantly better than dolichocephalic breeds. DISCUSSION: After controlling for environmental factors, we have provided evidence that at least two independent phenotypic traits with certain genetic variability affect the ability of dogs to rely on human visual cues. This finding should caution researchers against making simple generalizations about the effects of domestication and on dog-wolf differences in the utilization of human visual signals. |
| Address |
Dept, of Ethology, Eotvos University, H-1117, Budapest, Pazmany P, s, 1/c,, Hungary. gm.art@t-online.hu |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1744-9081 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:19630939 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4968 |
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| Author |
Gácsi, M.; Kara, E.; Belényi, B.; Topál, J.; Miklósi, Á. |
| Title |
The effect of development and individual differences in pointing comprehension of dogs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
471-479 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Association Learning; Attention; Chi-Square Distribution; Choice Behavior; *Comprehension; *Concept Formation; Dogs/*psychology; Female; *Gestures; Humans; Male; Orientation; Statistics, Nonparametric |
| Abstract |
In spite of the rather different procedures actually used in comparative studies to test the ability of different species to rely on the human pointing gesture, there is no debate on the high performance of dogs in such tasks. Very little is known, however, on the course through which they acquire this ability or the probable factors influencing the process. Important developmental questions have remained unsolved and also some methodological concerns should be addressed before we can convincingly argue for one interpretation or another. In this study we tested 180 dogs of different age (from 2 months to adults) to investigate their performance in the human distal momentary pointing gesture. The results, analyzed at both the group and the individual levels, showed no difference in the performance according to age, indicating that in dogs the comprehension of the human pointing may require only very limited and rapid early learning to fully develop. Interestingly, neither the keeping conditions nor the time spent in active interaction with the owner, and not even some special (agility) training for using human visual cues, had significant effect on the success and explained individual differences. The performance of the dogs was rather stable over time: during the 20 trials within a session and even when subsamples of different age were repeatedly tested. Considering that in spite of the general success at the group level, more than half of the dogs were not successful at the individual level, we revealed alternative “decision-making rules” other than following the pointing gesture of the experimenter. |
| Address |
Department of Ethology, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary. gm.art@t-online.hu |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1435-9456 |
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| Notes |
PMID:19130102 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4969 |
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| Author |
King, A.J.; Cowlishaw, G. |
| Title |
Leaders, followers and group decision-making |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Communicative & Integrative Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Commun Integr Biol |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
147-150 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Social animals have to make a multitude of group decisions on a daily basis. At the most basic level, this will involve coordination of activities and travel directions. In groups of insects, birds and fish, much of this 'coordination' can be the result of relatively simple interaction patterns among group members. Such systems are self-organizing, and often do not require specific leaders, or followers. However, in more socially complex groups, achieving collective group action-a consensus-may not be accomplished by simple rules alone. Instead, a consensus may be reached by the averaging of preferences (democracy), or by following the choices of specific leaders (despotism). In this mini-review, we discuss the conditions necessary for despotism in animal groups, and focus upon new studies investigating coordinated actions in primates. We ask how specific leaders arise and why others follow them-providing new insight into the mechanisms of effective leadership in groups characterized by strong social relationships. |
| Address |
Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London, UK |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1942-0889 |
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| Notes |
PMID:19513268 |
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4998 |
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| Author |
Harcourt, J.L.; Ang, T.Z.; Sweetman, G.; Johnstone, R.A.; Manica, A. |
| Title |
Social feedback and the emergence of leaders and followers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Current Biology : CB |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
248-252 |
| Keywords |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; Appetitive Behavior/physiology; *Feedback; Great Britain; *Leadership; Markov Chains; Models, Biological; Monte Carlo Method; Smegmamorpha/*physiology; *Social Behavior; Video Recording |
| Abstract |
In many animal groups, certain individuals consistently appear at the forefront of coordinated movements [1-4]. How such leaders emerge is poorly understood [5, 6]. Here, we show that in pairs of sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, leadership arises from individual differences in the way that fish respond to their partner's movements. Having first established that individuals differed in their propensity to leave cover in order to look for food, we randomly paired fish of varying boldness, and we used a Markov Chain model to infer the individual rules underlying their joint behavior. Both fish in a pair responded to each other's movements-each was more likely to leave cover if the other was already out and to return if the other had already returned. However, we found that bolder individuals displayed greater initiative and were less responsive to their partners, whereas shyer individuals displayed less initiative but followed their partners more faithfully; they also, as followers, elicited greater leadership tendencies in their bold partners. We conclude that leadership in this case is reinforced by positive social feedback. |
| Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0960-9822 |
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| Notes |
PMID:19185497 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5123 |
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| Author |
Langergraber, K.; Mitani, J.; Vigilant, L. |
| Title |
Kinship and social bonds in female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume |
71 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
840-851 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Family; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/physiology/*psychology; *Social Distance |
| Abstract |
A large body of theoretical and empirical research suggests that kinship influences the development and maintenance of social bonds among group-living female mammals, and that human females may be unusual in the extent to which individuals form differentiated social relationships with nonrelatives. Here we combine behavioral observations of party association, spatial proximity, grooming, and space use with extensive molecular genetic analyses to determine whether female chimpanzees form strong social bonds with unrelated individuals of the same sex. We compare our results with those obtained from male chimpanzees who live in the same community and have been shown to form strong social bonds with each other. We demonstrate that party association is as good a predictor of spatial proximity and grooming in females as it is in males, that the highest party association indices are consistently found between female dyads, that the sexes do not differ in the long-term stability of their party association patterns, and that these results cannot be explained as a by-product of the tendency of females to selectively range in particular areas of the territory. We also show that close kin (i.e. mother-daughter and sibling dyads) are very rare, indicating that the vast majority of female dyads that form strong social bonds are not closely related. Additional analyses reveal that “subgroups” of females, consisting of individuals who frequently associate with one another in similar areas of the territory, do not consist of relatives. This suggests that a passive form of kin-biased dispersal, involving the differential migration of females from neighboring communities into subgroups, was also unlikely to be occurring. These results show that, as in males, kinship plays a limited role in structuring the intrasexual social relationships of female chimpanzees. |
| Address |
Primatology Department, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. langergraber@eva.mpg.de |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0275-2565 |
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| Notes |
PMID:19475543 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5166 |
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| Author |
Robins, A.; Phillips, C. |
| Title |
Lateralised visual processing in domestic cattle herds responding to novel and familiar stimuli |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Laterality |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
514-534 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
We investigated whether cattle exhibit preferences to monitor challenging and novel stimuli. Experiments were conducted on dairy and beef cattle herds and revealed significant left eye preferences in the cattle for viewing an experimenter walking to repeatedly split the herd through its centre. Visual lateralisation was demonstrated in the preference to use the left monocular field to monitor the experimenter, alone or equipped with a range of novel stimuli. This finding is consistent with left eye preferences found in various species of mammals, birds, and amphibians responding to predators and novel stimuli. A cohort of the familiarised cattle herds was then subjected to additional herd-splitting tests with the same stimuli and demonstrated a reversal of viewing preferences, preferring to monitor the experimenter and stimuli within the right and not left monocular field. This directional shift in viewing preferences is consistent with experience-dependent learning found in lateralised visual processing in other, non-mammalian, species, and to our knowledge is the first of such studies to suggest that such lateralised learning processes also exist in mammals. Together the data support a number of key hypotheses concerning the evolution and conservation of lateralised brain function in vertebrates, and also provide important considerations for livestock handling. |
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Routledge |
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1357-650x |
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| Notes |
doi: 10.1080/13576500903049324 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5918 |
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