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| Author | Chapelain, A.; Blois-Heulin, C. | ||||
| Title | Lateralization for visual processes: eye preference in Campbell"s monkeys ( Cercopithecus c. campbelli ) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 11-19 |
Keywords  |
Visual laterality Cercopithecinae Eye choice | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract: Brain lateralization has been the matter of extensive research over the last centuries, but it remains an unsolved issue. While hand preferences have been extensively studied, very few studies have investigated laterality of eye use in non-human primates. We examined eye preference in 14 Campbell"s monkeys (Cercopithecus c. campbelli). We assessed eye preference to look at a seed placed inside a tube using monocular vision. Eye use was recorded for 100 independent and non-rewarded trials per individual. All of the 14 monkeys showed very strong preferences in the choice of the eye used to look inside the tube (mean preference: 97.6%). Eight subjects preferred the right eye and six subjects preferred the left eye. The results are discussed in light of previous data on eye preference in primates, and compared to data on hand preference from these subjects. Our findings would support the hypothesis for an early emergence of lateralization for perceptual processes compared to manual motor functions. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4746 | ||
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| Author | Gosden, T. P.; Svensson, E. I. | ||||
| Title | Density-Dependent Male Mating Harassment, Female Resistance, and Male Mimicry | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | The American Naturalist | Abbreviated Journal | Am Nat |
| Volume | 173 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 709-721 |
| Keywords |
tolerance, sexual conflict, path analysis, mating behavior, polymorphism, fecundity. | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract: Genetic variation in female resistance and tolerance to male mating harassment can affect the outcome of sexually antagonistic mating interactions. We investigated female mating rates and male mating harassment in natural populations of a damselfly (Ischnura elegans). This damselfly species has a heritable sex‐limited polymorphism in females, where one of the morphs is a male mimic (androchrome females). The three female morphs differ in mating rates, and these differences are stable across populations and years. However, the degree of premating resistance toward male mating attempts varied across generations and populations. Male mating harassment of the female morphs changed in a density‐dependent fashion, suggesting that male mate preferences are plastic and vary with the different morph densities. We quantified morph differences in male mating harassment and female fecundity, using path analysis and structural equation modeling. We found variation between the morphs in the fitness consequences of mating, with the fecundity of one of the nonmimetic morphs declining with increasing male mating harassment. However, androchrome females had lower overall fecundity, presumably reflecting a cost of male mimicry. Density‐dependent male mating harassment on the morphs and fecundity costs of male mimicry are thus likely to contribute to the maintenance of this female polymorphism. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4999 | ||
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| Author | Romero, L.M.; Dickens, M.J.; Cyr, N.E. | ||||
| Title | The reactive scope model — A new model integrating homeostasis, allostasis, and stress | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Hormones and Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Horm. Behav. |
| Volume | 55 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 375-389 |
| Keywords |
Stress; Allostasis; Glucocorticoids; Fight-or-flight; Homeostasis | ||||
| Abstract | Allostasis, the concept of maintaining stability through change, has been proposed as a term and a model to replace the ambiguous term of stress, the concept of adequately or inadequately coping with threatening or unpredictable environmental stimuli. However, both the term allostasis and its underlying model have generated criticism. Here we propose the Reactive Scope Model, an alternate graphical model that builds on the strengths of allostasis and traditional concepts of stress yet addresses many of the criticisms. The basic model proposes divergent effects in four ranges for the concentrations or levels of various physiological mediators involved in responding to stress. (1) Predictive Homeostasis is the range encompassing circadian and seasonal variation — the concentrations/levels needed to respond to predictable environmental changes. (2) Reactive Homeostasis is the range of the mediator needed to respond to unpredictable or threatening environmental changes. Together, Predictive and Reactive Homeostasis comprise the normal reactive scope of the mediator for that individual. Concentrations/levels above the Reactive Homeostasis range is (3) Homeostatic Overload, and concentrations/levels below the Predictive Homeostasis range is (4) Homeostatic Failure. These two ranges represent concentrations/levels with pathological effects and are not compatible with long-term (Homeostatic Overload) or short-term (Homeostatic Failure) health. Wear and tear is the concept that there is a cost to maintaining physiological systems in the Reactive Homeostasis range, so that over time these systems gradually lose their ability to counteract threatening and unpredictable stimuli. Wear and tear can be modeled by a decrease in the threshold between Reactive Homeostasis and Homeostatic Overload, i.e. a decrease in reactive scope. This basic model can then be modified by altering the threshold between Reactive Homeostasis and Homeostatic Overload to help understand how an individual's response to environmental stressors can differ depending upon factors such as prior stressors, dominance status, and early life experience. We illustrate the benefits of the Reactive Scope Model and contrast it with the traditional model and with allostasis in the context of chronic malnutrition, changes in social status, and changes in stress responses due to early life experiences. The Reactive Scope Model, as an extension of allostasis, should be useful to both biomedical researchers studying laboratory animals and humans, as well as ecologists studying stress in free-living animals. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0018-506x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5583 | ||
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| Author | Nagy, K.; Bodó, G.; Bárdos, G.; Harnos, A.; Kabai, P. | ||||
| Title | The effect of a feeding stress-test on the behaviour and heart rate variability of control and crib-biting horses (with or without inhibition) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 121 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 140-147 |
| Keywords |
Stereotypic behaviour; Crib-biting; Modified Forssell's operation; Cribbing collar; Equine welfare; Stress coping | ||||
| Abstract | Crib-biting is a form of oral stereotypy affecting 4-5% of horses. Once fixed, crib-biting is difficult to eliminate by behaviour therapy, however, its performance can be inhibited by collar or surgery treatment (modified Forssell's procedure). Although surgical intervention is widespread, the effects on stress coping in horses have not been studied. In the present study we evaluated changes in behaviour response and heart rate variability in 9 control, 10 crib-biting, 10 collar and 11 surgically treated horses in a feeding stress-test, in which a feeding-bowl was placed in front but out of the reach of the horses, from which tidbits were given 3 times. We found that stress triggers high oral activity, mainly cribbing in crib-biting horses, elevates other forms of oral activities in the inhibited groups and does not affect oral activities of controls. Instead of performing oral activities, control horses tended to target an unavailable feeding-bowl by pawing or head-tossing. Changes in stress level were indistinguishable in controls and crib-biters as heart rate variability returned to baseline values in both groups. In contrast, horses inhibited to perform crib-biting showed elevated stress level throughout the test period. Our results suggest that crib-biting may develop to cope with stress, and such coping function diminishes when inhibited. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5091 | ||
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| Author | Bhadra, A.; Jordán, F.; Sumana, A.; Deshpande, S.A.; Gadagkar, R. | ||||
| Title | A comparative social network analysis of wasp colonies and classrooms: Linking network structure to functioning | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Ecological Complexity | Abbreviated Journal | Ecol Complex |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 48-55 |
| Keywords |
Social insect; Ropalidia; Centrality; Small world | ||||
| Abstract | A major question in current network science is how to understand the relationship between structure and functioning of real networks. Here we present a comparative network analysis of 48 wasp and 36 human social networks. We have compared the centralisation and small world character of these interaction networks and have studied how these properties change over time. We compared the interaction networks of (1) two congeneric wasp species (Ropalidia marginata and Ropalidia cyathiformis), (2) the queen-right (with the queen) and queen-less (without the queen) networks of wasps, (3) the four network types obtained by combining (1) and (2) above, and (4) wasp networks with the social networks of children in 36 classrooms. We have found perfect (100%) centralisation in a queen-less wasp colony and nearly perfect centralisation in several other queen-less wasp colonies. Note that the perfectly centralised interaction network is quite unique in the literature of real-world networks. Differences between the interaction networks of the two wasp species are smaller than differences between the networks describing their different colony conditions. Also, the differences between different colony conditions are larger than the differences between wasp and children networks. For example, the structure of queen-right R. marginata colonies is more similar to children social networks than to that of their queen-less colonies. We conclude that network architecture depends more on the functioning of the particular community than on taxonomic differences (either between two wasp species or between wasps and humans). | ||||
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| ISSN | 1476-945x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5003 | ||
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| Author | Whitehead, H. | ||||
| Title | SOCPROG programs: analysing animal social structures | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume | 63 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 765-778 |
| Keywords |
Social analysis – Software – Association | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract SOCPROG is a set of programs which analyses data on animal associations. Data usually come from observations of the social behaviour of individually identifiable animals. Associations among animals, sampling periods, restrictions on the data and association indices can be defined very flexibly. SOCPROG can analyse data sets including 1,000 or more individuals. Association matrices are displayed using sociograms, principal coordinates analysis, multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses. Permutation tests, Mantel and related tests and matrix correlation methods examine hypotheses about preferred associations among individuals and classes of individual. Weighted network statistics are calculated and can be tested against null hypotheses. Temporal analyses include displays of lagged association rates (rates of reassociation following an association). Models can be fitted to lagged association rates. Multiple association measures, including measures produced by other programs such as genetic or range use data, may be analysed using Mantel tests and principal components analysis. SOCPROG also performs mark-recapture population analyses and movement analyses. SOCPROG is written in the programming language MATLAB and may be downloaded free from the World Wide Web. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5026 | ||
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| Author | Uller, C.; Lewis, J. | ||||
| Title | Horses (Equus caballus) select the greater of two quantities in small numerical contrasts | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 733-738 |
| Keywords |
Quantity representation – Horses – Number discrimination | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract The ability to select the greater numerosity over another in small sets seems to stem from the calculation of which set contains more, and has been taken as evidence of a primordial representation at the roots of the primate numerical system. We tested 56 horses (Equus caballus) in a paradigm previously used with human infants and nonhuman primates. Horses saw two quantities paired in contrasts—2 versus 1, 3 versus 2, 6 versus 4 and a control for volume, 2 versus 1 big—and had to make a choice by snout touching the container holding the numerosity selected. The horses spontaneously selected the greater of the two quantities when the numerosities were small. These results add to evidence showing spontaneous quantity assessment in a variety of species. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5028 | ||
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| Author | Alexandridis, A. | ||||
| Title | Pferdgestützte Bewegungstherapie bei Essstörungen | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Mensch und Pferd | Abbreviated Journal | mup |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages | 13-26 | |
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Pferdgestütze Bewegungstherapie, Essstörungen, Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, „Binge-Eating“-Störung, Natural Horsemanship | ||||
| Abstract | Inhalte und Methoden des Natural Horsemanship (nach Pat Parelli) werden beschrieben und in der Verbindung mit aktuellen bewegungstherapeutischen Behandlungsmethoden bei Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa und „Binge-Eating“-Störung dargestellt. Diese Zusammenführung ergibt eine pferdgestützte bewegungstherapeutische Methode zur Behandlung von Essstörungen, welche anhand konkreter Praxisbeispiele beschrieben wird. Der Ausblick auf eine laufende Evaluationsstudie schließt den Artikel ab. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5965 | ||
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| Author | Edouard, N.; Fleurance, G.; Dumont, B.; Baumont, R.; Duncan, P. | ||||
| Title | Does sward height affect feeding patch choice and voluntary intake in horses? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 119 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 219-228 |
| Keywords |
Patch selection; Intake; Sward height; Horse; Pasture | ||||
| Abstract | The numbers of horses grazing at pasture are increasing in developed countries, so a proper understanding of their feeding selectivity and of the tactics they use for extracting nutrients from swards is essential for the management of horses and grasslands. Resource acquisition in herbivores can be optimised through the modulation of their intake and patch selection, both being strongly dependent on the characteristics of swards. However, the principles by which horses adjust their grazing behaviour in response to variations in sward features are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether the behaviour of horses conforms to optimal foraging models. We hypothesized that, faced with binary choices between vegetative swards of a good and similar quality at three different heights, horses would select the taller sward, i.e. that allowing a higher reward in terms of dry matter intake rate. Three groups of three 2-year-old saddle horses were grazed on a semi-natural pasture that was managed to produce three contrasting sward heights at 6, 11 and 17 cm, in a Latin-square design. The instantaneous intake rate was determined from bite rate measured at pasture on the three sward heights, and bite mass estimated from measurements using swards offered indoors in experimental trays. Daily dry matter intake was estimated individually by total faecal collection and an estimation of digestibility from faecal nitrogen. Short-term (first 30 min) and daily preferences were assessed from the time spent grazing each sward offered in pair-wise tests at pasture. The results show that daily voluntary intake (an average of 21 g DM kg LW-1 day-1) and total grazing time (an average of 14 h day-1) were independent of sward height and of the choice of patches offered. In choice situations, the animals spent more time grazing on the taller sward, both during the first 30 min and at the daily scale. These results show that horses choose between vegetative patches of a good and similar quality according to the predictions from optimal foraging models, and select the one that they can ingest faster. Further research will now have to explore how the horses will adapt their feeding behaviour when they face a trade-off between sward height and quality. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5094 | ||
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| Author | Ramseyer, A.; Petit, O.; Thierry, B. | ||||
| Title | Decision-making in group departures of female domestic geese | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
| Volume | 146 | Issue | Pages | 351-371 | |
| Keywords |
MOVEMENT; COLLECTIVE; PRE-DEPARTURE; RECRUITMENT; ANSER DOMESTICUS | ||||
| Abstract | Group-living animals have to make trade-offs to reach consensus and travel together. We investigated the recruitment processes underpinning decision-making at departure in a group of 20 female domestic geese (Anser domesticus) kept in semi-free-range conditions. Two observers continuously videotaped the behaviours of the birds. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analyses. We found that decision-making was a continuous and distributed process. Departure was preceded by an increase in the arousal state of group members and their initial orientation influenced recruitment. Patterns of group movement could be predicted from the behaviours of individuals before departure. Individuals' locations, moves and signals could act as passive or communicative cues. A higher number of vocalisations and arousal behaviours led to a larger number of individuals recruited. Some individuals were more efficient than others in recruiting followers but any geese could initiate a movement. First movers recruited a higher number of mates when they had a greater number of neighbours. Not only the first mover but also the behaviours of the second and third movers prompted further individuals to follow. There was no evidence that geese were able to intentionally recruit others, rather they synchronized and adjusted each other's motives until reaching a consensus. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5289 | ||
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