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Author Prather, J.F.; Peters, S.; Nowicki, S.; Mooney, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Precise auditory-vocal mirroring in neurons for learned vocal communication Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 451 Issue 7176 Pages 305-310  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract Brain mechanisms for communication must establish a correspondence between sensory and motor codes used to represent

the signal. One idea is that this correspondence is established at the level of single neurons that are active when the

individual performs a particular gesture or observes a similar gesture performed by another individual. Although neurons

that display a precise auditory–vocal correspondence could facilitate vocal communication, they have yet to be identified.

Here we report that a certain class of neurons in the swamp sparrow forebrain displays a precise auditory–vocal

correspondence. We show that these neurons respond in a temporally precise fashion to auditory presentation of certain

note sequences in this songbird’s repertoire and to similar note sequences in other birds’ songs. These neurons display

nearly identical patterns of activity when the bird sings the same sequence, and disrupting auditory feedback does not alter

this singing-related activity, indicating it is motor in nature. Furthermore, these neurons innervate striatal structures

important for song learning, raising the possibility that singing-related activity in these cells is compared to auditory

feedback to guide vocal learning.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Nature Publishing Group Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 10.1038/nature06492 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5062  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hemelrijk, C. K.; Wantia, J,; Isler, K. doi  openurl
  Title Female Dominance over Males in Primates: Self-Organisation and Sexual Dimorphism Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication PLoS ONE Abbreviated Journal PLoS ONE  
  Volume 3 Issue 7 Pages e2678  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract The processes that underlie the formation of the dominance hierarchy in a group are since long under debate. Models of self-organisation suggest that dominance hierarchies develop by the self-reinforcing effects of winning and losing fights (the so-called winner-loser effect), but according to ‘the prior attribute hypothesis’, dominance hierarchies develop from pre-existing individual differences, such as in body mass. In the present paper, we investigate the relevance of each of these two theories for the degree of female dominance over males. We investigate this in a correlative study in which we compare female dominance between groups of 22 species throughout the primate order. In our study female dominance may range from 0 (no female dominance) to 1 (complete female dominance). As regards ‘the prior attribute hypothesis’, we expected a negative correlation between female dominance over males and species-specific sexual dimorphism in body mass. However, to our surprise we found none (we use the method of independent contrasts). Instead, we confirm the self-organisation hypothesis: our model based on the winner-loser effect predicts that female dominance over males increases with the percentage of males in the group. We confirm this pattern at several levels in empirical data (among groups of a single species and between species of the same genus and of different ones). Since the winner-loser effect has been shown to work in many taxa including humans, these results may have broad implications.3  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5115  
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Author Croft, D. P.; James, R..; Krause, J. (eds) url  isbn
openurl 
  Title Exploring Animal Social Networks Type Book Whole
  Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Princton University Press Place of Publication Princton Editor Croft, D. P.; James, R..; Krause, J.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 9780691127521 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5139  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hemelrijk, C.K.; Hildenbrandt, H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Self-Organized Shape and Frontal Density of Fish Schools Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology  
  Volume 114 Issue 3 Pages 245-254  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract Abstract Models of swarming (based on avoidance, alignment and attraction) produce patterns of behaviour also seen in schools of fish. However, the significance of such similarities has been questioned, because some model assumptions are unrealistic [e.g. speed in most models is constant with random error, the perception is global and the size of the schools that have been studied is small (up to 128 individuals)]. This criticism also applies to our former model, in which we demonstrated the emergence of two patterns of spatial organization, i.e. oblong school form and high frontal density, which are supposed to function as protection against predators. In our new model we respond to this criticism by making the following improvements: individuals have a preferred ‘cruise speed’ from which they can deviate in order to avoid others or to catch up with them. Their range of perception is inversely related to density, with which we take into account that high density limits the perception of others that are further away. Swarm sizes range from 10 to 2000 individuals. The model is three-dimensional. Further, we show that the two spatial patterns (oblong shape and high frontal density) emerge by self-organization as a side-effect of coordination at two speeds (of two or four body lengths per second) for schools of sizes above 20. Our analysis of the model leads to the development of a new set of hypotheses. If empirical data confirm these hypotheses, then in a school of real fish these patterns may arise as a side-effect of their coordination in the same way as in the model.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1439-0310 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5202  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Smith, B.R.; Blumstein, D.T. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Fitness consequences of personality: a meta-analysis Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.  
  Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 448-455  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract The study of nonhuman personality capitalizes on the fact that individuals of many species behave in predictable, variable, and quantifiable ways. Although a few empirical studies have examined the ultimate consequences of personality differences, there has been no synthesis of results. We conducted a formal meta-analysis of published studies reporting fitness consequences of single personality dimensions to identify general trends across species. We found bolder individuals had increased reproductive success, particularly in males, but incurred a survival cost, thus, supporting the hypothesis that variation in boldness was maintained due to a “trade-off” in fitness consequences across contexts. Potential mechanisms maintaining variation in exploration and aggression are not as clear. Exploration had a positive effect only on survival, whereas aggression had a positive effect on both reproductive success and, not significantly, on survival. Such results would suggest that selection is driving populations to become more explorative and aggressive. However, limitations in meta-analytic techniques preclude us from testing for the effects of fluctuating environmental conditions or other forms of selection on these dimensions. Results do, however, provide evidence for general relationships between personality and fitness, and we provide a framework for future studies to follow in the hopes of spurring more in-depth, long-term research into the evolutionary mechanisms maintaining variation in personality dimensions and overall behavioral syndromes. We conclude with a discussion on how understanding and managing personality traits may play a key role in the captive breeding and recovery programs of endangered species.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 10.1093/beheco/arm144 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5226  
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Author Ward, A.J.W.; Sumpter, D.J.T.; Couzin, I.D.; Hart, P.J.B.; Krause, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Quorum decision-making facilitates information transfer in fish shoals Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.  
  Volume 105 Issue 19 Pages 6948-6953  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract Despite the growing interest in collective phenomena such as “swarm intelligence” and “wisdom of the crowds,” little is known about the mechanisms underlying decision-making in vertebrate animal groups. How do animals use the behavior of others to make more accurate decisions, especially when it is not possible to identify which individuals possess pertinent information? One plausible answer is that individuals respond only when they see a threshold number of individuals perform a particular behavior. Here, we investigate the role of such “quorum responses” in the movement decisions of fish (three-spine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus). We show that a quorum response to conspecifics can explain how sticklebacks make collective movement decisions, both in the absence and presence of a potential predation risk. Importantly our experimental work shows that a quorum response can reduce the likelihood of amplification of nonadaptive following behavior. Whereas the traveling direction of solitary fish was strongly influenced by a single replica conspecific, the replica was largely ignored by larger groups of four or eight sticklebacks under risk, and the addition of a second replica was required to exert influence on the movement decisions of such groups. Model simulations further predict that quorum responses by fish improve the accuracy and speed of their decision-making over that of independent decision-makers or those using a weak linear response. This study shows that effective and accurate information transfer in groups may be gained only through nonlinear responses of group members to each other, thus highlighting the importance of quorum decision-making.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 10.1073/pnas.0710344105 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5252  
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Author Krapp, A.; Bachmann I.; Troxler, J. url  openurl
  Title Das Liegeverhalten von Pferden in Gruppenhaltung Type Conference Article
  Year 2008 Publication Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 150 Issue 4 Pages 186-187  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract Erarbeitung eines Lösungsansatzes zur Optimierung

des eingeschränkten Liegeverhaltens rangniedriger

Pferde in Gruppenhaltung
 
  Address  
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  Notes Das Liegeverhalten von Pferden in Gruppenhaltung 2008.pdf Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5306  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Begall, S.; Cervený, J.; Neef, J.; Vojtech, O.; Burda, H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Magnetic alignment in grazing and resting cattle and deer Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.  
  Volume 105 Issue 36 Pages 13451-13455  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract We demonstrate by means of simple, noninvasive methods (analysis of satellite images, field observations, and measuring “deer beds” in snow) that domestic cattle (n = 8,510 in 308 pastures) across the globe, and grazing and resting red and roe deer (n = 2,974 at 241 localities), align their body axes in roughly a north–south direction. Direct observations of roe deer revealed that animals orient their heads northward when grazing or resting. Amazingly, this ubiquitous phenomenon does not seem to have been noticed by herdsmen, ranchers, or hunters. Because wind and light conditions could be excluded as a common denominator determining the body axis orientation, magnetic alignment is the most parsimonious explanation. To test the hypothesis that cattle orient their body axes along the field lines of the Earth's magnetic field, we analyzed the body orientation of cattle from localities with high magnetic declination. Here, magnetic north was a better predictor than geographic north. This study reveals the magnetic alignment in large mammals based on statistically sufficient sample sizes. Our findings open horizons for the study of magnetoreception in general and are of potential significance for applied ethology (husbandry, animal welfare). They challenge neuroscientists and biophysics to explain the proximate mechanisms.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 10.1073/pnas.0803650105 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5316  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Scheumann, M.; Zimmermann, E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Sex-specific asymmetries in communication sound perception are not related to hand preference in an early primate Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication BMC Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 3  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract BACKGROUND:Left hemispheric dominance of language processing and handedness, previously thought to be unique to humans, is currently under debate. To gain an insight into the origin of lateralization in primates, we have studied gray mouse lemurs, suggested to represent the most ancestral primate condition. We explored potential functional asymmetries on the behavioral level by applying a combined handedness and auditory perception task. For testing handedness, we used a forced food-grasping task. For testing auditory perception, we adapted the head turn paradigm, originally established for exploring hemispheric specializations in conspecific sound processing in Old World monkeys, and exposed 38 subjects to control sounds and conspecific communication sounds of positive and negative emotional valence.RESULTS:The tested mouse lemur population did not show an asymmetry in hand preference or in orientation towards conspecific communication sounds. However, males, but not females, exhibited a significant right ear-left hemisphere bias when exposed to conspecific communication sounds of negative emotional valence. Orientation asymmetries were not related to hand preference.CONCLUSION:Our results provide the first evidence for sex-specific asymmetries for conspecific communication sound perception in non-human primates. Furthermore, they suggest that hemispheric dominance for communication sound processing evolved before handedness and independently from each other.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1741-7007 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5369  
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Author Siniscalchi, M.; Quaranta, A.; Rogers, L.J. doi  openurl
  Title Hemispheric specialization in dogs for processing different acoustic stimuli Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication PloS ONE Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages e3349  
  Keywords (up)  
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  Address  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5415  
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