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| Author |
Warren-Smith, A.K.; McGreevy, P.D. |
| Title |
Preliminary investigations into the ethological relevance of round-pen (round-yard) training of horses |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
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| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
285-298 |
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| Abstract |
Recently, training horses within round-pens has increased in popularity. Practitioners often maintain that the responses they elicit from horses are similar to signals used with senior conspecifics. To audit the responses of horses to conspecifics, 6 mare-young-horse dyads, this study introduced them to each other in a round-pen and videoed them for 8 min. These dyads spent significantly more time farther than 10 m apart than they did less than 1 m apart (p < .001). The time they spent less than 1 m apart decreased over the 8-min test period (p = .018). Mares occupied the center of the round-pen and chased youngsters for 0.73% of the test period (p < .001). Mares made all agonistic approaches (p < .001), and youngsters (p = .018) made all investigative approaches. Head lowering and licking-and-chewing were exhibited most when the youngsters were facing away from the mares (p < .001). The frequency of head lowering increased during the test period (p = .027), whereas the frequency of licking-and-chewing did not change. The results bring into question the popular interpretation and ethological relevance of equine responses commonly described in round-pen training and show that mares did not condition young horses to remain in close proximity to them. |
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Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 13 November 2008; Source: Scopus |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4657 |
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Dugnol, B.; Fernández, C.; Galiano, G.; Velasco, J. |
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On a chirplet transform-based method applied to separating and counting wolf howls |
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2008 |
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Signal Process |
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88 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dugnol2008 |
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6466 |
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Richards, D.G.; Wiley, R.H. |
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Reverberations and Amplitude Fluctuations in the Propagation of Sound in a Forest: Implications for Animal Communication |
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2008 |
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Am Nat |
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115 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Richards2008 |
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6485 |
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Charif, R.A.; Waack, A.M.; Strickman, L.M. |
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Raven Pro 1.3 User's Manual |
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2008 |
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Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology |
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Ithaca, New York |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Charif2008 |
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6488 |
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Sueur, J.; Aubin, T.; Simonis, C. |
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Seewave: a free modular tool for sound analysis and synthesis |
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2008 |
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Bioacoustics |
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18 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Sueur2008 |
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6490 |
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Puppe, B.; Langbein, J.; Bauer, J.; Hoy, S. |
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A comparative view on social hierarchy formation at different stages of pig production using sociometric measures |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
Publication |
Livestock Science |
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113 |
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2-3 |
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155-162 |
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Pig; Dominance; Sociometric measures; Social hierarchy; Ontogeny |
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A standardised and comprehensive approach to describe dominance relationships in gregarious farm animals quantitatively was recently developed, incorporating a combination of appropriate sociometric measures. The present study applied this approach to a comparative analysis of the social hierarchies within 57 groups of domestic pigs at different age/production stages with a total of 496 animals. Unacquainted pigs were grouped to three age categories which correspond to the typical production stages: weaned pigs (PIG28, 12 groups), growing pigs (PIG80, 16 groups), and reproductive sows (SOW, 29 groups). Based on observed agonistic interactions, sociometric values were calculated both at the dyadic and at the group level and may be considered as preliminary reference values for further studies. As indicated by the respective values of the Kendall index (PIG28: 0.66, tested as significant in 69.0% of the observed groups; PIG80: 0.71, 87.5%; SOW: 0.61, 69.0%), and the improved Landau index (PIG28: 0.70, 75.0%; PIG80: 0.72, 93.7%; SOW: 0.71, 72.4%), a social organisation towards a quasi-linear social hierarchy was predominantly developed throughout all age/production categories. However, compared to weaned and growing pigs, sows were characterised by significant differences concerning establishment (fewer agonistic interactions) and kind (more unknown dyads, fewer two-way and significant dyads, higher directional consistency index) of their social hierarchy. It seems that sows have effectively adapted their agonistic behaviour towards pen-mates to regulate social dominance relationships, whereas younger pigs frequently display agonistic interactions also to gain additional experience on social cues (e.g. the fighting ability of an opponent). Hence, it is concluded that the effective experience of socialisation during sensitive periods may increase the social skills of pigs which in turn can improve their welfare and health, e.g. by adjusted aggressive behaviour. The consideration of comparable and standardised sociometric measures in livestock breeding may help to improve husbandry conditions. |
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2139 |
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Val-Laillet, D.; Passille, A.M. de; Rushen, J.; von Keyserlingk, M.A.G. |
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The concept of social dominance and the social distribution of feeding-related displacements between cows |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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111 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
158-172 |
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Cattle; Social dominance; Competitive success; Hierarchy; Feeding competition |
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The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the classical properties of social dominance describe the pattern of feeder-related displacements with groups of cattle. We also compared the advantages and disadvantages of three dominance indices for describing the competitive success at the feeder. We observed displacements at the feeder within six groups of 12 lactating dairy cows over 72 h per group. We demonstrated that the cattle in our experiment established a quasi-linear hierarchy at the feeder where many dominance relationships were bi-directional (52.0 +/- 5.9%); namely, dominance relationships were significantly linear (P < 0.05 in five of the six groups) but contained many circular triads (45.0 +/- 5.6%). Dominance rank influenced the milk production (r = 0.36, P = 0.002) and the time budget of the animals: high-ranking cows were found spending more time at the feeder during the 120 min following provision of fresh food than low-ranking cows (P = 0.022), but dominance indices based on the occurrence of displacements at the feeder did not correlate with actual time spent at the feeder. The presence of numerous circular triads and bi-directional relationships suggests that the classical properties of social dominance do not correspond to the pattern of displacements that occur at feeders within small groups of cattle. Instead, the competitive success may also be affected by motivation or persistence by the animal to gain access to the food resource. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4213 |
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Ferkin, M.; Combs, A.; delBarco-Trillo, J.; Pierce, A.; Franklin, S. |
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Meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus , have the capacity to recall the “what”, “where”, and “when” of a single past event |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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11 |
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1 |
Pages |
147-159 |
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Recollection for what, when, and where – Voles – Reproductive state – Postpartum estrus |
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Abstract Some non-human animals may possess the ability to recall the “what”, “where”, and “when” of a single past event. We tested the hypothesis that male meadow voles posses the capacity to recall the “what”, “where”, and “when” of a single past event associated with mate selection in two experiments. Briefly, male voles were allowed to explore an apparatus that contained two chambers. One chamber contained a day-20 pregnant female (24 h prepartum). The other chamber contained a sexually mature female that was neither pregnant nor lactating (REF female). Twenty-four hour after the exposure, the males were placed in the same apparatus, which was empty and clean. At this time, the pregnant female would have entered postpartum estrus (PPE), a period of heightened sexual receptivity. Males initially chose and spent significantly more time investigating the chamber that originally housed the pregnant female (now a PPE female) than the chamber that originally housed the REF female. Male voles also explored an apparatus containing a chamber with a PPE female and one chamber containing a REF female. Twenty-four hour later, males were placed into an empty and clean apparatus. The males did not display an initial choice and they spent similar amounts of time investigating the chamber that originally housed the PPE female (now a lactating female) and the chamber that originally housed the REF female. The results of these and additional experiments suggest that male voles may have the capacity to recall the “what”, “where”, and “when” of a single past event, which may allow males to remember the location of females who would currently be in heightened states of sexual receptivity. |
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no |
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Admin @ knut @ |
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4215 |
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Prato-Previde, E.; Marshall-Pescini, S.; Valsecchi, P. |
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Is your choice my choice` The owners effect on pet dogs? ( Canis lupus familiaris ) performance in a food choice task |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
167-174 |
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Dog – Dog-owner relationship – Food choice task – Quantity discrimination |
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Abstract This study investigates the influence of owners on their dogs performance in a food choice task using either different or equal quantities of food. Fifty-four pet dogs were tested in three different conditions. In Condition 1 we evaluated their ability to choose between a large and small amount of food (quantity discrimination task). In Condition 2 dogs were again presented with a choice between the large and small food quantity, but only after having witnessed their owner favouring the small quantity. In Condition 3 dogs were given a choice between two equally small quantities of food having witnessed their owner favouring either one or the other. A strong effect of the owner on the dogs`` performance was observed. In Condition 1 dogs as a group chose significantly more often the large food quantity, thus showing their ability to solve the quantity discrimination task. After observing their owner expressing a preference for the small food quantity they chose the large quantity of food significantly less than in the independent choice situation. The tendency to conform to the owner`s choice was higher when the dogs had to choose between equally small quantities of food (Condition 3) rather than between a large and a small one (Condition 2). These results provide evidence that dogs can be influenced by their owners even when their indications are clearly in contrast with direct perceptual information, thus leading dogs to ultimately make counterproductive choices. |
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Admin @ knut @ |
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4216 |
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Sovrano, V.; Bisazza, A. |
| Title |
Recognition of partly occluded objects by fish |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1435-9448 |
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Visual completion – Amodal completion – Occlusion – Visual recognition – Fish |
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Abstract The ability to visually complete partly occluded objects (so-called `“amodal completion”) has been documented in mammals and birds. Here, we report the first evidence of such a perceptual ability in a fish species. Fish (Xenotoca eiseni) were trained to discriminate between a complete and an amputated disk. Thereafter, the fish performed test trials in which hexagonal polygons were either exactly juxtaposed or only placed close to the missing sectors of the disk in order to produce or not produce the impression (to a human observer) of an occlusion of the missing sectors of the disk by the polygon. In another experiment, fish were first trained to discriminate between hexagonal polygons that were either exactly juxtaposed or only placed close to the missing sectors of a disk, and then tested for choice between a complete and an amputated disk. In both experiments, fish behaved as if they were experiencing visual completion of the partly occluded stimuli. These findings suggest that the ability to visually complete partly occluded objects may be widespread among vertebrates, possibly inherited in mammals, birds and fish from early vertebrate ancestors. |
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Admin @ knut @ |
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4217 |
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