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Author Warren-Smith, A.K.; McGreevy, P.D. url  openurl
  Title Preliminary investigations into the ethological relevance of round-pen (round-yard) training of horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 285-298  
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  Abstract Recently, training horses within round-pens has increased in popularity. Practitioners often maintain that the responses they elicit from horses are similar to signals used with senior conspecifics. To audit the responses of horses to conspecifics, 6 mare-young-horse dyads, this study introduced them to each other in a round-pen and videoed them for 8 min. These dyads spent significantly more time farther than 10 m apart than they did less than 1 m apart (p < .001). The time they spent less than 1 m apart decreased over the 8-min test period (p = .018). Mares occupied the center of the round-pen and chased youngsters for 0.73% of the test period (p < .001). Mares made all agonistic approaches (p < .001), and youngsters (p = .018) made all investigative approaches. Head lowering and licking-and-chewing were exhibited most when the youngsters were facing away from the mares (p < .001). The frequency of head lowering increased during the test period (p = .027), whereas the frequency of licking-and-chewing did not change. The results bring into question the popular interpretation and ethological relevance of equine responses commonly described in round-pen training and show that mares did not condition young horses to remain in close proximity to them.  
  Address Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia  
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  Notes Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 13 November 2008; Source: Scopus Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4657  
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Author Dugnol, B.; Fernández, C.; Galiano, G.; Velasco, J. url  doi
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  Title On a chirplet transform-based method applied to separating and counting wolf howls Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Signal Process Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 88 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dugnol2008 Serial 6466  
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Author Richards, D.G.; Wiley, R.H. url  doi
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  Title Reverberations and Amplitude Fluctuations in the Propagation of Sound in a Forest: Implications for Animal Communication Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Am Nat Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 115 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Richards2008 Serial 6485  
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Author Charif, R.A.; Waack, A.M.; Strickman, L.M. openurl 
  Title Raven Pro 1.3 User's Manual Type Book Whole
  Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal (up)  
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  Publisher Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology Place of Publication Ithaca, New York Editor  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Charif2008 Serial 6488  
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Author Sueur, J.; Aubin, T.; Simonis, C. url  doi
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  Title Seewave: a free modular tool for sound analysis and synthesis Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Bioacoustics Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 18 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Sueur2008 Serial 6490  
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Author Puppe, B.; Langbein, J.; Bauer, J.; Hoy, S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title A comparative view on social hierarchy formation at different stages of pig production using sociometric measures Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Livestock Science Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 113 Issue 2-3 Pages 155-162  
  Keywords Pig; Dominance; Sociometric measures; Social hierarchy; Ontogeny  
  Abstract A standardised and comprehensive approach to describe dominance relationships in gregarious farm animals quantitatively was recently developed, incorporating a combination of appropriate sociometric measures. The present study applied this approach to a comparative analysis of the social hierarchies within 57 groups of domestic pigs at different age/production stages with a total of 496 animals. Unacquainted pigs were grouped to three age categories which correspond to the typical production stages: weaned pigs (PIG28, 12 groups), growing pigs (PIG80, 16 groups), and reproductive sows (SOW, 29 groups). Based on observed agonistic interactions, sociometric values were calculated both at the dyadic and at the group level and may be considered as preliminary reference values for further studies. As indicated by the respective values of the Kendall index (PIG28: 0.66, tested as significant in 69.0% of the observed groups; PIG80: 0.71, 87.5%; SOW: 0.61, 69.0%), and the improved Landau index (PIG28: 0.70, 75.0%; PIG80: 0.72, 93.7%; SOW: 0.71, 72.4%), a social organisation towards a quasi-linear social hierarchy was predominantly developed throughout all age/production categories. However, compared to weaned and growing pigs, sows were characterised by significant differences concerning establishment (fewer agonistic interactions) and kind (more unknown dyads, fewer two-way and significant dyads, higher directional consistency index) of their social hierarchy. It seems that sows have effectively adapted their agonistic behaviour towards pen-mates to regulate social dominance relationships, whereas younger pigs frequently display agonistic interactions also to gain additional experience on social cues (e.g. the fighting ability of an opponent). Hence, it is concluded that the effective experience of socialisation during sensitive periods may increase the social skills of pigs which in turn can improve their welfare and health, e.g. by adjusted aggressive behaviour. The consideration of comparable and standardised sociometric measures in livestock breeding may help to improve husbandry conditions.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2139  
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Author Dubois, C.; Manfredi, E.; Ricard, A. doi  openurl
  Title Optimization of breeding schemes for sport horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Livestock Science Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 118 Issue 1-2 Pages 99-112  
  Keywords Breeding scheme; Horse; Jumping; Optimization; Genetic trend, Multistage selection  
  Abstract A selection scheme for jumping sport horses is modelled with four stages of selection for males and one stage for females. The selection objective included three traits: conformation and gaits (CG, weighted 20%), competition jumping (CJ, weighted 60%) and a third trait (TT, weighted 20%) such as sperm quality or orthopaedic status. The first selection stage is based on knowledge of the pedigree with the aim of selecting horses suitable for CG test (at 3 years old) and CJ test (at 5 years old). The second stage includes the horse's own performance with respect to CG and CJ with the aim of selecting horses suitable for the TT test. The third stage is the selection of a limited number of males who are allowed to reproduce. The fourth stage (at 12 years old) takes into account the results of the horse's progeny. Females are selected in one step, whatever the number of performances measured at 5 years old. The annual genetic response was 9.4% genetic standard deviation of the objective, 2.6% for CG, 9.0% for CJ and 1.5% for TT. Results showed that selection by progeny testing did not contribute much to genetic response (12% of progeny issued from proven sires), the female pathway represented 26% of genetic response, TT was difficult to improve when the genetic correlation was unfavourable (- 0.6% genetic standard deviation for - 0.20 genetic correlation), and should consequently be directed towards the use of molecular markers. When compared with a selection scheme involving a station test, genetic response was the same if the breeding values used for selection before entering the station test took into account the results of the relatives for CJ and CG. This revealed the importance of an extensive performance test (like for competition performance) when designing breeding schemes for sport horses.  
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  ISSN 1871-1413 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4759  
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Author Bartosova, J.; Dvorakova, R.; Vancatova, M.; Svobodova, I. pdf  openurl
  Title Comprehension of human pointing gesture in domestic horses: Effect of training method Type Conference Article
  Year 2008 Publication IESM 2008 Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Human-horse communication, Pointing, Training methods, Horsemanship  
  Abstract Horses have been considered to rely on human gesticular cues (McKinley and Sambrook 2000, Anim Cogn 3:13-22; and recently Maros et al. 2008, Anim Cogn 11:457-466), however large variability among individuals tested in two-ways object choice tasks was found. Part of the horses in those studies (40 and 26 %, respectively) even failed to pass adequately through the training session which preceded the testing phase and served to learn a horse to carry out a task. Therefore, we alternated the experimental design designed by McKinley and Sambrook (reduced number of testing trials to 10 per horse to keep its attention, applied just one, a dynamic-sustained pointing cue with touching the bucket, etc.), and tested an effect of training method, sex, age, and learning on proportion of correct choices. We hypothesised, that horses trained by “traditional” method (TTM) will get lower score than those experienced with “horsemanship-based” methods (HTM), being characterized by closer and more frequent human-horse contact and also extended exercising “from the ground” with frequent using of arms cues. Despite simplification of the methods, only about 60 % of tested horses passed through the training phase (i.e., learned to come to and upturn the bucket with hidden treat). Successful completion of training phase was reached regardless of age or sex of a horse, but by the training method; HTM horses ran better compared to TTM ones. No significant effect of age, sex, or learning (i.e., trial order within all 10), and training method as well was found on proportion of correct trials in the testing phase. Horses made a correct choice in more than 70% of trials. Individual scores ranged from 50 to 100 %. In conclusion, horses showed high level of comprehension of human pointing gesture, regardless of their sex or age. No effects of training method or learning process within a test suggest low impact of handling and learning on the level of comprehension at least of the most vivid human pointing gesture. Horses trained by methods based on “natural human-horse communication” did enhance cooperation with people.  
  Address Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Pratelstvi 815, CZ-104 00 Praha Uhrineves, Czech Republic  
  Corporate Author Bartosova, J. Thesis  
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  Notes Talk 15 min IESM 2008 Approved yes  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4464  
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Author Aerts, J.-M.; Gebruers, F.; Van Camp, E.; Berckmans, D. doi  openurl
  Title Controlling horse heart rate as a basis for training improvement Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Computers and Electronics in Agriculture Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 78-84  
  Keywords Heart rate; Horse; Model predictive control; Transfer function model  
  Abstract Equine training methods, and consequently, performance times have improved little since the last decades. With advances in measuring signals on-line by means of several new technologies and analytical procedures, and processing these signals immediately with strong and compact processors, it may be possible to develop new training methods. In this research, the objective was to explore the possibilities of using modern model-based algorithms to control the heart rate of horses (bpm) on-line by means of the control input running speed (km/h). Forty-five experiments with five horses and four riders were carried out to generate measurements of physiological status during running. The dynamical characteristics of each horse were quantified using linear discrete transfer function models. The dynamic response of heart rate to step changes in running speed were accurately described. In 90% of the cases, a first-order model gave the best fit. For 69% of the models, the r2 was higher than 0.90 and for 34% of the models, the r2 was even higher than 0.95. In a next step, the model-based algorithm was evaluated by controlling cardiac responses of two horses (horses 2 and 4) to a pre-defined trajectory. The model parameters were kept constant. On average, the error between the defined target trajectory in heart rate and the actual controlled heart rate ranged between 0.2 and 1.4 bpm for the whole target heart rate trajectory. During the steady-state part of the trajectory the average error was maximum 1.1 bpm. In the transient from one steady-state heart rate to another level, the error could increase on average up to 5 bpm. In the future, the combination of on-line measured bioresponses with real-time analysis can be used for adjusting the work load of the horse, during training, directly to the immediate needs of horse (welfare) and trainer (performance).  
  Address Division Measure, Model and Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4555  
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Author Geutjens, C.A.; Clayton, H.M.; Kaiser, L.J. url  doi
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  Title Forces and pressures beneath the saddle during mounting from the ground and from a raised mounting platform Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication The Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 175 Issue 3 Pages 332-337  
  Keywords Electronic saddle mat; Total force; Peak pressure; Equestrian; Kinetics  
  Abstract The objective was to use an electronic pressure mat to measure and compare forces and pressures of the saddle on a horse's back when riders mounted from the ground and with the aid of a mounting platform. Ten riders mounted a horse three times each from the ground and from a 35 cm high mounting platform in random order. Total force (summation of forces over all 256 sensors) was measured and compared at specific points on the force-time curve. Total force was usually highest as the rider's right leg was swinging upwards and was correlated with rider mass. When normalized to rider mass, total force and peak pressure were significantly higher when mounting from the ground than from a raised platform (P < 0.05). The area of highest pressure was on the right side of the withers in 97% of mounting efforts, confirming the importance of the withers in stabilizing the saddle during mounting.  
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  Call Number Admin @ knut @ Serial 4344  
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