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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Birke, L. doi  openurl
  Title “Learning to speak horse”: The culture of “natural horsemanship” Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Society and Animals Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 217-239  
  Keywords natural horsemanship – riding technologies – communication – social change  
  Abstract This paper examines the rise of what is popularly called “natural horsemanship” (NH), as a definitive cultural change within the horse industry. Practitioners are often evangelical about their methods, portraying NH as a radical departure from traditional methods. In doing so, they create a clear demarcation from the practices and beliefs of the conventional horse-world. Only NH, advocates argue, properly understands the horse. Dissenters, however, contest the benefits to horses as well as the reliance in NH on disputed concepts of the natural. Advocates, furthermore, sought to rename technologies associated with riding while simultaneously condemning technologies used in conventional training (such as whips). These contested differences create boundaries and enact social inclusion and exclusion, which the paper explores. For horses, the impact of NH is ambiguous: Depending on practitioners, effects could be good or bad. However, for the people involved, NH presents a radical change-which they see as offering markedly better ways of relating to horses and a more inclusive social milieu.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4393  
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Author Lloyd, N.; Mulcock, J. doi  openurl
  Title Human-animal studies in Australia: Current directions Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Society and Animals Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 1-5  
  Keywords Australia – human-nonhuman animal relationships – Human-Animal Studies – multidisciplinary  
  Abstract In 2004, Natalie Lloyd and Jane Mulcock initiated the Australian Animals & Society Study Group, a network of social science, humanities and arts scholars that quickly grew to include more than 100 participants. In July 2005, about 50 participants attended the group“s 4-day inaugural conference at the University of Western Australia, Perth. Papers in this issue emerged from the conference. They exemplify the Australian academy”s work in the fields of History, Population Health, Sociology, Geography, and English and address strong themes: human-equine relationships; management of native and introduced animals; and relationships with other domestic, nonhuman animals-from cats and dogs to cattle. Human-Animal Studies is an expanding field in Australia. However, many scholars, due to funding and teaching concerns, focus their primary research in different domains. All authors in this issue-excepting one-are new scholars in their respective fields. The papers represent the diversity and innovation of recent Australian research on human-animal interactions. The authors look at both past and present, then anticipate future challenges in building an effective network to expand this field of study in Australia.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4390  
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Author Penn, D.C.; Povinelli, D.J. doi  openurl
  Title Causal Cognition in Human and Nonhuman Animals: A Comparative, Critical Review Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Annual Review of Psychology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 97-118  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In this article, we review some of the most provocative experimental results to have emerged from comparative labs in the past few years, starting with research focusing on contingency learning and finishing with experiments exploring nonhuman animals' understanding of causal-logical relations. Although the theoretical explanation for these results is often inchoate, a clear pattern nevertheless emerges. The comparative evidence does not fit comfortably into either the traditional associationist or inferential alternatives that have dominated comparative debate for many decades now. Indeed, the similarities and differences between human and nonhuman causal cognition seem to be much more multifarious than these dichotomous alternatives allow.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Penn2007 Serial 2974  
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Author Kulikova, E.E; Isaeva, A.S.; Rotkina, A.S.; Manykin, A.A.; Letarov, A.V. doi  openurl
  Title Diversity and dynamics of bacteriophages in horse feces Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Microbiology Abbreviated Journal Microbiology  
  Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 271-278  
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  Abstract The complex cellulolytic microbial community of the horse intestines is a convenient model for studying the ecology of bacteriophages in natural habitats. Unlike the rumen of the ruminants, this community of the equine large intestine is not subjected to digestion. The inner conditions of the horse gut are much more stable in comparison to other mammals, due to the fact that the horse diet remains almost unchanged and the intervals between food consumption and defecation are much shorter than the whole digestive cycle. The results of preliminary analysis of the structure and dynamics of the viral community of horse feces, which combines direct and culture methods, are presented. In horse fecal samples, we detected more than 60 morphologically distinct phage types, the majority of which were present as a single phage particle. This indicates that the community includes no less than several hundreds of phage types. Some phage types dominated and constituted 5-11% of the total particle count each. The most numerous phage type had an unusual morphology: the tails of its members were extremely long (about 700 nm), flexible, and irretractable, while their heads were 100 nm in diameter. Several other phage types with similar but not identical properties were detected. The total coliphage plaque count of the samples taken from three animals revealed significant fluctuations in the phage titers. During the observation time, the maximum titer ranged within four orders of magnitude (10(3)-10(7) plaque forming units (PFU)/g); the minimum titer ranged within two orders of magnitude. The samples contained two to five morphologically distinct and potentially competitive coliphage types, specific to a single Escherichia coli strain.  
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  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN 0026-3656 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:17583225 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2618  
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Author Ash, C.; Chin, G.; Pennisi, E.; Sugden, A. doi  openurl
  Title Living in Societies Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages 1337-  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4246  
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Author Herrmann, E.; Call, J.; Hernandez-Lloreda, M.V.; Hare, B.; Tomasello, M. doi  openurl
  Title online material Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages 1360-1366  
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  Abstract Humans have many cognitive skills not possessed by their nearest primate relatives. The cultural intelligence hypothesis argues that this is mainly due to a species-specific set of social-cognitive skills, emerging early in ontogeny, for participating and exchanging knowledge in cultural groups. We tested this hypothesis by giving a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests to large numbers of two of humans' closest primate relatives, chimpanzees and orangutans, as well as to 2.5-year-old human children before literacy and schooling. Supporting the cultural intelligence hypothesis and contradicting the hypothesis that humans simply have more “general intelligence,” we found that the children and chimpanzees had very similar cognitive skills for dealing with the physical world but that the children had more sophisticated cognitive skills than either of the ape species for dealing with the social world.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4244  
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Author Herrmann, E.; Call, J.; Hernandez-Lloreda, M.V.; Hare, B.; Tomasello, M. doi  openurl
  Title Humans Have Evolved Specialized Skills of Social Cognition: The Cultural Intelligence Hypothesis Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages 1360-1366  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Humans have many cognitive skills not possessed by their nearest primate relatives. The cultural intelligence hypothesis argues that this is mainly due to a species-specific set of social-cognitive skills, emerging early in ontogeny, for participating and exchanging knowledge in cultural groups. We tested this hypothesis by giving a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests to large numbers of two of humans' closest primate relatives, chimpanzees and orangutans, as well as to 2.5-year-old human children before literacy and schooling. Supporting the cultural intelligence hypothesis and contradicting the hypothesis that humans simply have more “general intelligence,” we found that the children and chimpanzees had very similar cognitive skills for dealing with the physical world but that the children had more sophisticated cognitive skills than either of the ape species for dealing with the social world.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1146282 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4245  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Dunbar, R.I.M.; Shultz, S. doi  openurl
  Title Evolution in the Social Brain Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages 1344-1347  
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  Abstract The evolution of unusually large brains in some groups of animals, notably primates, has long been a puzzle. Although early explanations tended to emphasize the brain's role in sensory or technical competence (foraging skills, innovations, and way-finding), the balance of evidence now clearly favors the suggestion that it was the computational demands of living in large, complex societies that selected for large brains. However, recent analyses suggest that it may have been the particular demands of the more intense forms of pairbonding that was the critical factor that triggered this evolutionary development. This may explain why primate sociality seems to be so different from that found in most other birds and mammals: Primate sociality is based on bonded relationships of a kind that are found only in pairbonds in other taxa.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4243  
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Author Wood, J.N.; Glynn, D.D.; Phillips, B.C.; Hauser, M.D. doi  openurl
  Title online material Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2007 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages 1402-1405  
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  Abstract Humans are capable of making inferences about other individuals' intentions and goals by evaluating their actions in relation to the constraints imposed by the environment. This capacity enables humans to go beyond the surface appearance of behavior to draw inferences about an individual's mental states. Presently unclear is whether this capacity is uniquely human or is shared with other animals. We show that cotton-top tamarins, rhesus macaques, and chimpanzees all make spontaneous inferences about a human experimenter's goal by attending to the environmental constraints that guide rational action. These findings rule out simple associative accounts of action perception and show that our capacity to infer rational, goal-directed action likely arose at least as far back as the New World monkeys, some 40 million years ago.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1144663 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4242  
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Author Jolly, A. doi  openurl
  Title BEHAVIOR: The Social Origin of Mind Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages 1326-1327  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4247  
Permanent link to this record
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