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	Author	Krause, J.; Croft, D.; James, R.
	Title	Social network theory in the behavioural sciences: potential applications			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
	Volume	62	Issue	1	Pages	15-27
	Keywords	Social networks – Social organisation – Mate choice – Disease transmission – Information transfer – Cooperation
	Abstract	Abstract Social network theory has made major contributions to our understanding of human social organisation but has found relatively little application in the field of animal behaviour. In this review, we identify several broad research areas where the networks approach could greatly enhance our understanding of social patterns and processes in animals. The network theory provides a quantitative framework that can be used to characterise social structure both at the level of the individual and the population. These novel quantitative variables may provide a new tool in addressing key questions in behavioural ecology particularly in relation to the evolution of social organisation and the impact of social structure on evolutionary processes. For example, network measures could be used to compare social networks of different species or populations making full use of the comparative approach. However, the networks approach can in principle go beyond identifying structural patterns and also can help with the understanding of processes within animal populations such as disease transmission and information transfer. Finally, understanding the pattern of interactions in the network (i.e. who is connected to whom) can also shed some light on the evolution of behavioural strategies.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5171
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	Author	Versace, E.; Morgante, M.; Pulina, G.; Vallortigara, G.
	Title	Behavioural lateralization in sheep (Ovis aries)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Brain Research	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Brain. Res.
	Volume	184	Issue	1	Pages	72-80
	Keywords	Lateralization; Laterality; Brain asymmetry; Hemisphere; Sheep; Lamb; Strength of lateralization
	Abstract	This study investigates behavioural lateralization in sheep and lambs of different ages. A flock was tested in a task in which the animals were facing an obstacle and should avoid it on either the right or left side to rejoin flock-mates (adult sheep) or their mothers (lambs). A bias for avoiding the obstacle on the right side was observed, with lambs apparently being more lateralized than sheep. This right bias was tentatively associated with the left-hemifield laterality in familiar faces recognition which has been documented in this species. Differences between adult sheep and lambs were likely to be due to differences in social reinstatement motivation elicited by different stimuli (flock-mates or mothers) at different ages. Preferential use of the forelegs to step on a wood-board and direction of jaw movement during rumination was also tested in adult animals. No population bias nor individual-level lateralization was observed for use of the forelegs. At the same time, however, there was a large number of animals showing individual-level lateralization for the direction of jaw movement during rumination even though there was no population bias. These findings highlight that within the same species individual- and population-level lateralization can be observed in different tasks. Moreover, the results fit the general hypothesis that population-level asymmetries are more likely to occur in tasks that require social coordination among behaviourally asymmetric individuals.
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	ISSN	0166-4328	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6701
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	Author	Zentall, T.R.
	Title	Temporal discrimination learning by pigeons			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	74	Issue	2	Pages	286-292
	Keywords
	Abstract	Memory for time by animals appears to undergo a systematic shortening. This so-called choose-short effect can be seen in a conditional temporal discrimination when a delay is inserted between the sample and comparison stimuli. We have proposed that this temporal shortening may result from a procedural artifact in which the delay appears similar to the intertrial interval and thus, produces an inadvertent ambiguity or 'instructional failure'. When this ambiguity is avoided by distinguishing the intertrial interval from the delay, as well as the samples from the delay, the temporal shortening effect and other asymmetries often disappear. By avoiding artifacts that can lead to a misinterpretation of results, we may understand better how animals represent time. An alternative procedure for studying temporal discriminations is with the psychophysical bisection procedure in which following conditional discrimination training, intermediate durations are presented and the point of subjective equality is determined. Research using the bisection procedure has shown that pigeons represent temporal durations not only as their absolute value but also relative to durations from which they must be discriminated. Using this procedure, we have also found that time passes subjectively slower when animals are required to respond to the to-be-timed stimulus.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States. zentall@uky.edu
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0376-6357	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	PMID:17110057			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	216
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	Author	Hall, C.
	Title	The impact of visual perception on equine learning			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue		Pages	29-33
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	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	619
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	Author	Ninomiya, S.
	Title	Social leaning and stereotypy in horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue		Pages	22-23
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	620
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	Author	Leblanc, M.-A.; Duncan, P.
	Title	Can studies of cognitive abilities and of life in the wild really help us to understand equine learning?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue		Pages	49-52
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	621
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	Author	McCall, C.A.
	Title	Making equine learning research applicable to training procedures			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue	1	Pages	27-28
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	623
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	Author	Sigurjónsdóttir , H.
	Title	Equine learning behaviour: The importance of evolutionary and ecological approach in research			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue		Pages	40-42
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	624
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	Author	Krueger, K.; Flauger, B.
	Title	Social learning in horses from a novel perspective			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue	1	Pages	37-39
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	625
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	Author	Heitor, F.; Vicente, L.
	Title	Learning about horses: What is equine learning all about?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	76	Issue	1	Pages	34-36
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	627
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