| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Meschan, E.M.; Peham, C.; Schobesberger, H.; Licka, T.F. |
|
| |
Title |
The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
173 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
578-584 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Saddle fit; Kinematics; Kinetics; Pressure; Saddletree |
|
| |
Abstract |
As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as “too-narrow” if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and “too-wide” if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as “very-wide”. In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm2 +/- 0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm2 +/- 0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm2 +/- 0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm2 +/- 0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm2 +/- 0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm2 +/- 0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm2 +/- 0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm2 +/- 0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm2 +/- 0.10/ 0.63 N/cm2 +/- 0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm2 +/- 0.22/1.27 N/cm2 +/- 0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes  |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Admin @ knut @ |
Serial |
4349 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Harris, P.A. |
|
| |
Title |
How should we feed horses – and how many times a day? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
173 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
252-253 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Admin @ knut @ |
Serial |
4351 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Muller, C.E.; Uden, P. |
|
| |
Title |
Preference of horses for grass conserved as hay, haylage or silage |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Feed Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
132 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
66-78 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Horse; Preference; Silage; Haylage; Hay |
|
| |
Abstract |
The purpose of this experiment was to determine if different methods of forage conservation influenced horse preference for conserved forages. Silage, haylage with two different dry matter (DM) levels and hay was produced from the same grass crop at the same botanical maturity stage. Four horses were simultaneously offered the four forages (1 kg DM of each forage) once daily for four consecutive experimental periods, each period consisting of 5 days. On each experimental day, the horses were observed for 2 h and their first choice, eating time and forage consumption was registered for every forage. The number of times each horse depleted individual forages and the number of times each horse tasted or smelled a forage, but left it in favour of another forage, was also recorded. Silage had the highest rate of consumption (0.90 kg DM/day, S.D. 0.14) and longest eating time (28.4 min/day, S.D. 5.16). Hay had the lowest rate of consumption (0.23 kg DM/day, S.D. 0.14) and shortest eating time (6.8 min/day, S.D. 4.08), while the haylages were intermediate. Silage was the first choice 72 of 84 times (85%). Hay was never completely consumed and silage was never left in favour of another forage after smelling or tasting it. We conclude that the forage conservation methods had an impact on horse preference in favour of silage, even if the reason for silage preference remains to be explained. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Admin @ knut @ |
Serial |
4353 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Lloyd, N.; Mulcock, J. |
|
| |
Title |
Human-animal studies in Australia: Current directions |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Society and Animals |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-5 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Australia – human-nonhuman animal relationships – Human-Animal Studies – multidisciplinary |
|
| |
Abstract |
In 2004, Natalie Lloyd and Jane Mulcock initiated the Australian Animals & Society Study Group, a network of social science, humanities and arts scholars that quickly grew to include more than 100 participants. In July 2005, about 50 participants attended the group“s 4-day inaugural conference at the University of Western Australia, Perth. Papers in this issue emerged from the conference. They exemplify the Australian academy”s work in the fields of History, Population Health, Sociology, Geography, and English and address strong themes: human-equine relationships; management of native and introduced animals; and relationships with other domestic, nonhuman animals-from cats and dogs to cattle. Human-Animal Studies is an expanding field in Australia. However, many scholars, due to funding and teaching concerns, focus their primary research in different domains. All authors in this issue-excepting one-are new scholars in their respective fields. The papers represent the diversity and innovation of recent Australian research on human-animal interactions. The authors look at both past and present, then anticipate future challenges in building an effective network to expand this field of study in Australia. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4390 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Janis, C. |
|
| |
Title |
An Evolutionary History of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
21-45 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
Browsing (i.e., eating woody and non-woody dicotyledonous plants) and grazing (i.e., eating grass) are distinctively different types of feeding behaviour among ungulates today. Ungulates with different diets have different morphologies (both craniodental ones and in aspects of the digestive system) and physiologies, although some of these differences are merely related to body size, as grazers are usually larger than browsers. There is also a difference in the foraging behaviour in terms of the relationship between resource abundance and intake rate, which is linear in browsers but asymptotic in grazers. The spatial distribution of the food resource is also different for the different types of herbage, browse being more patchily distributed than grass, and thus browsers and grazers are likely to have a very different perception of food resources in any given ecosystem (see Gordon 2003, for review). |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4392 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Birke, L. |
|
| |
Title |
“Learning to speak horse”: The culture of “natural horsemanship” |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Society and Animals |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
217-239 |
|
| |
Keywords |
natural horsemanship – riding technologies – communication – social change |
|
| |
Abstract |
This paper examines the rise of what is popularly called “natural horsemanship” (NH), as a definitive cultural change within the horse industry. Practitioners are often evangelical about their methods, portraying NH as a radical departure from traditional methods. In doing so, they create a clear demarcation from the practices and beliefs of the conventional horse-world. Only NH, advocates argue, properly understands the horse. Dissenters, however, contest the benefits to horses as well as the reliance in NH on disputed concepts of the natural. Advocates, furthermore, sought to rename technologies associated with riding while simultaneously condemning technologies used in conventional training (such as whips). These contested differences create boundaries and enact social inclusion and exclusion, which the paper explores. For horses, the impact of NH is ambiguous: Depending on practitioners, effects could be good or bad. However, for the people involved, NH presents a radical change-which they see as offering markedly better ways of relating to horses and a more inclusive social milieu. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4393 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Stashak, T. S.; Wissdorf, H. |
|
| |
Title |
Adams' Lahmheit bei Pferden |
Type |
Book Whole |
| |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
| |
Keywords |
Pferd / Anatomie, Krankheiten, Heilkunde | Innere Krankheit (Tier) | Krankheit / Tierkrankheit | Pathologie (der Tiere) ( Tierkrankheit ) | Pathologie (der Tiere) / Tierkrankheit | Tierkrankheit – Pathologie (der Tiere) |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Schaper M. & H |
Place of Publication |
Hannover |
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
German |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
3794402197 |
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4447 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Mormède, P.; Andanson, S.; Aupérin, B.; Beerda, B.; Guémené, D.; Malmkvist, J.; Manteca, X.; Manteuffel, G.; Prunet, P.; van Reenen, C.G.; Richard, S.; Veissier, I. |
|
| |
Title |
Exploration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function as a tool to evaluate animal welfare |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
|
| |
Volume |
92 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
317-339 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Stress; Animal welfare; HPA axis; Glucocorticoid hormones; Acth; Dexamethasone suppression test; Cattle; Pig; Fur animals; Mink; Fox; Poultry; Fish |
|
| |
Abstract |
Measuring HPA axis activity is the standard approach to the study of stress and welfare in farm animals. Although the reference technique is the use of blood plasma to measure glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol or corticosterone), several alternative methods such as the measurement of corticosteroids in saliva, urine or faeces have been developed to overcome the stress induced by blood sampling itself. In chronic stress situations, as is frequently the case in studies about farm animal welfare, hormonal secretions are usually unchanged but dynamic testing allows the demonstration of functional changes at several levels of the system, including the sensitization of the adrenal cortex to ACTH and the resistance of the axis to feedback inhibition by corticosteroids (dexamethasone suppression test). Beyond these procedural aspects, the main pitfall in the use of HPA axis activity is in the interpretation of experimental data. The large variability of the system has to be taken into consideration, since corticosteroid hormone secretion is usually pulsatile, follows diurnal and seasonal rhythms, is influenced by feed intake and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, age and physiological state, just to cite the main sources of variation. The corresponding changes reflect the important role of glucocorticoid hormones in a number of basic physiological processes such as energy metabolism and central nervous system functioning. Furthermore, large differences have been found across species, breeds and individuals, which reflect the contribution of genetic factors and environmental influences, especially during development, in HPA axis functioning. Usually, these results will be integrated with data from behavioral observation, production and pathology records in a comprehensive approach of farm animal welfare. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4454 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Stöwe, M. & Kotrschal, K. |
|
| |
Title |
Behavioural phenotypes may determine whether social context facilitates or delays novel object exploration in ravens. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
International Journal of Ornithology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
148 |
Issue |
Suppl 2 |
Pages |
179-184 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Corvus corax – Novel object exploration – Personality – Social facilitation |
|
| |
Abstract |
Individuals consistently differ in behavioural phenotypes. Here we examine the interaction between behavioural phenotype and response to social context during novel object exploration in a neophobic corvid species, the raven (Corvus corax). The presence of conspecifics tends to encourage object exploration and learning but may also delay or even inhibit exploratory behaviour. Factors such as individual differences in response to social context may determine whether the presence of a conspecific facilitates or inhibits approach to novel objects. We confronted eleven six-month-old hand-raised ravens with novel objects, both individually and in dyadic combinations. We defined individuals as “fast” and “slow” explorers on the basis of their approach latency to novel objects when tested individually. The presence of a conspecific delayed the approach of fast birds to novel objects. Slow birds, in contrast, approached the novel objects with lower latencies and spent more time close to them when in dyads with fast siblings than when alone. The individuals" approach behaviour seemed to determine whether social context facilitated or delayed exploratory behaviour. This may contribute to explaining ambiguous results concerning the effects of social context in previous studies. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4507 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
McGreevy, P.D.; McLean, A.N. |
|
| |
Title |
Roles of learning theory and ethology in equitation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
2 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
108-118 |
|
| |
Keywords |
ethological training; equine ethnology; equitation; horse behavior; learning theory |
|
| |
Abstract |
By definition, ethology is primarily the scientific study of animal behavior, especially as it occurs in a natural environment; applied ethology being the study of animal behavior in the human domain. The terms equine ethology and ethological training are becoming commonplace in the equestrian domain, yet they seem to be used with a conspicuous lack of clarity and with no mention of learning theory. Most of what we do to train horses runs counter to their innate preferences. This article summarizes the ethological challenges encountered by working horses and considers the merits and limitations of ethological solutions. It also questions the use of terms such as “alpha” and “leader” and examines aspects of learning theory, equine cognition, and ethology as applied to horse training and clinical behavior modification. We propose 7 training principles that optimally account for the horse's ethological and learning abilities and maintain maximal responsivity in the trained horse. These principles can be summarized as: (1) use learning theory appropriately; (2) train easy-to-discriminate signals; (3) train and subsequently elicit responses singularly; (4) train only one response per signal; (5) train all responses to be initiated and subsequently completed within a consistent structure; (6) train persistence of current operantly conditioned responses; and (7) avoid and disassociate flight responses. Adherence to these principles and incorporating them into all horse training methodologies should accelerate training success, reduce behavioral wastage of horses, and improve safety for both humans and horses. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4511 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
