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Author Martin, P.; Bateson P. openurl 
  Title Measuring Behaviour – An Introductory Guide Type Book Whole
  Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition Third Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5402  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Warneken, F.; Hare, B.; Melis, A.P.; Hanus, D.; Tomasello, M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Spontaneous Altruism by Chimpanzees and Young Children Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication PLoS Biol Abbreviated Journal PLoS Biol  
  Volume 5 Issue 7 Pages e184 EP -  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract <p>Experimental evidence reveals that chimpanzees will help other unrelated humans and conspecifics without a reward, showing that they share crucial aspects of altruism with humans.</p>  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Public Library of Science Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5609  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Rehage; C. openurl 
  Title Klinische Symptomatik und Einfluss eines Nasennetzes auf die Leistung von Turnierpferden mit Headshaking Type Manuscript
  Year 2007 Publication Dissertation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover Place of Publication Hannover Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5631  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Pfister, J.A.; Stegelmeier, B.L.; Cheney, C.D.; Gardner, D.R. url  openurl
  Title Effect of previous locoweed (Astragalus and Oxytropis species) intoxication on conditioned taste aversions in horses and sheep Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim. Sci.  
  Volume 85 Issue 7 Pages 1836-1841  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract Locoweed species (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.) are a serious toxic plant problem for grazing livestock. Horses and sheep have been conditioned to avoid eating locoweed using the aversive agent LiCl. The objective of this study was to determine if previous locoweed intoxication affects food aversion learning in horses and sheep. Horses and sheep were divided into 3 treatment groups: control (not fed locoweed and not averted to a novel feed); locoweed-novel feed averted (fed locoweed and averted to a novel feed); and averted (not fed locoweed and averted to a novel feed). Animals in the locoweed-novel feed averted groups were fed locoweed during 2 periods of 21 and 14 d, respectively, with each feeding period followed by a 14-d recovery period. Animals were averted to a novel test feed at the end of the first locoweed-feeding period, and periodically evaluated for the strength and persistence of the aversion. During the first recovery period, locoweed-novel feed averted horses ate less (9.5% of amount offered) of the test feed than did control horses (99.8%) and did not generally differ from averted horses (0%). During recovery period 2, locoweed-novel feed averted horses (4.3%) differed (P = 0.001) in consumption (% of offered) of the test feed from controls (100%) and the averted group (0%). Locoweed-novel feed averted sheep differed (P = 0.001) from controls (14.4 vs. 99.5%, respectively, during recovery period 1), whereas locoweed-novel feed averted sheep did not differ (P > 0.50) from averted sheep (0.6%). During the second recovery period, control sheep (100%) differed (P < 0.05) from averted (0%) and locoweed-novel feed averted (12.2%) groups. Two intoxicated sheep (locoweed-novel feed averted) partially extinguished the aversion during the first recovery period, but an additional dose of LiCl restored the aversion. Two of 3 intoxicated horses had strong aversions that persisted without extinction; 1 horse in the locoweed-novel feed averted group had a weaker aversion. These findings suggest that horses and sheep previously intoxicated by locoweeds can form strong and persistent aversions to a novel feed, but in some animals, those aversions may not be as strong as in animals that were never intoxicated.  
  Address  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 10.2527/jas.2007-0046 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5683  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Roth, L.S.V.; Balkenius, A.; Kelber, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Colour perception in a dichromat Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Journal of Experimental Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 210 Issue 16 Pages 2795-2800  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract Most mammals have dichromatic colour vision based on two different types of cones: a short-wavelength-sensitive cone and a long-wavelength-sensitive cone. Comparing the signal from two cone types gives rise to a one-dimensional chromatic space when brightness is excluded. The so-called `neutral point' refers to the wavelength that the animal cannot distinguish from achromatic light such as white or grey because it stimulates both cone types equally. The question is: how do dichromats perceive their chromatic space? Do they experience a continuous scale of colours or does the neutral point divide their chromatic space into two colour categories, i.e. into colours of either short or long wavelengths?We trained horses to different colour combinations in a two-choice behavioural experiment and tested their responses to the training and test colours. The horses chose colours according to their similarity/relationship to rewarded and unrewarded training colours. There was no evidence for a categorical boundary at the neutral point or elsewhere.This study suggests that dichromats perceive their chromatic space as a continuous scale of colours, treating the colour at the neutral point as any other colour they can distinguish.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5711  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Quaranta, A.; Siniscalchi, M.; Vallortigara, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Asymmetric tail-wagging responses by dogs to different emotive stimuli Type Abstract
  Year 2007 Publication Current biology : CB Abbreviated Journal Curr Biol  
  Volume 17 Issue 6 Pages R199-R201  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Cell Press Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0960-9822 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5733  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author May, A. openurl 
  Title Evaluierung von Stressparametern beim Pferd im Zusammenhang mit dem Klinikaufenthalt [Evaluation of stress parameters in the hospitalized horse] Type Manuscript
  Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract Ein Klinikaufenthalt stellt für Pferde eine Stresssituation dar und viele Pferde erkranken

während eines Klinikaufenthalts an Stress-assoziierten Erkrankungen. Eine der häufigsten ist

die so genannte Colitis X, eine oft tödlich verlaufende Durchfallerkrankung. Da es im Verlauf

dieser Erkrankungen zu einem Verlust der Tiere kommen kann, hat ihre Vermeidung oberste

Priorität.

Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, herauszufinden, inwieweit bei den Pferden der

klinisch erkennbare Stress mit Veränderungen messbarer Blutparameter (Hämatokrit,

Gesamteiweiß, Leukozyten, Glukose, Laktat, Kortisol) einhergeht und dabei einen Parameter

zu finden, mit dem Stress beim Klinikpatienten Pferd verlässlich und möglichst einfach

evaluiert werden kann. Zudem wurden in dieser Studie Freie Sauerstoffradikale („oxidativer

Stress“) und IgA im Kot bestimmt, um diese Parameter auf ihre klinische Verwendbarkeit zu

prüfen und zu untersuchen, inwieweit Stress mit dem lokalen Immunglobulingehalt

interferiert. Einigen ausgewählten Pferden wurde zudem der Paramunitätsinducer Zylexis® der

Firma Pfizer appliziert, um dessen Wirkung auf die untersuchten Parameter festzustellen.

Es wurden 110 Patienten der Klinik für Pferde untersucht, die in dem Zeitraum der Studie

zufällig hospitalisiert wurden. Die Pferde wurden in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt. Eine Gruppe

wurde in der Klinik operiert, die zweite nur stationär behandelt. Des Weiteren wurde eine

Kontrollgruppe in ihrem Heimatstall zum Vergleich miteinbezogen, die in den letzten sechs

Wochen vor der Studie nicht transportiert oder anderweitig belastet worden war.

Den Pferden wurde in definierten Abständen Blut und Kot entnommen, um den Einfluss von

Transport, Operation und Klinikstress möglichst gut zu erfassen. Die Zeitpunkte waren direkt

nach der Einlieferung, am Morgen vor der Narkose, nach der Aufstehphase und sowohl einen

als auch vier Tage nach der Narkose. Pferden, die nicht operiert wurden und der

Kontrollgruppe wurden insgesamt dreimal Blut und Kot (Tag 1, 3, Tag vor der Entlassung)

entnommen.

Für die Zylexis®-Studie wurden Vitrektomie-Patienten ausgewählt, da diese ein gutes Beispiel

für eine kurze, wenig traumatische Operation darstellen. Diese Pferde wurden mit den

anderen Pferden, die leichten Operationen unterzogen wurden, verglichen.

Bereits nach dem unterschiedlich langen Transport zeigten die Pferde signifikante Anstiege

von Gesamtleukozytenzahl, dem Verhältnis neutrophiler Granulozyten zu Lymphozyten

(N:L-Verhältnis), Glukose und den klinischen Parametern (Herzfrequenz, Atemfrequenz,

Körpertemperatur). Die IgA-Konzentration im Kot sank bei den eingelieferten Pferden nach

Einlieferung erst ab, um sich dann vermutlich durch den Kontakt mit den fremden Antigenen

in der Klinik reflektorisch zu erhöhen. Auffällig war, dass die Kortisolkonzentration nach

dem Transport bei den als „nervös, sensibel“ eingestuften Pferden signifikant höher lag als bei

den „ruhigen, ausgeglichenen“ Pferden.

Weitere deutliche Veränderungen zeigten sich nach den Operationen. Glukose, Kortisol und

das N:L-Verhältnis wiesen nach den unterschiedlich langen Eingriffen höhere Konzentrationen

auf. Die Laktatkonzentration stieg signifikant bereits nach der Operation und

anschließend noch weiter nach der Aufstehphase. Dies ist primär auf die Muskelbelastung

zurückzuführen, da Laktat vor allem muskulären Ursprungs ist. Hämatokrit und Gesamteiweiß

sanken nach der Narkose aufgrund der intraoperativ verabreichten Infusionen ab.

Einem starken hoch signifikanten Konzentrationsabfall unterlag auch der IgA-Gehalt im Kot.

Dabei war kein Unterschied zwischen den verschiedenen Operationstraumata festzustellen.

Ansonsten unterlagen die Pferde, die mit hochgradig gestörtem Allgemeinbefinden zu einer

Notoperation eingeliefert wurden, viel deutlicheren Veränderungen als die anderen Pferde.

Die Freien Radikale zeigten überhaupt keinen charakteristischen Verlauf. Sie schienen

allerdings bei den chronisch erkrankten Pferden erhöht zu sein. Des Weiteren zeigten sie

Erhöhungen bei bestimmten Erkrankungen („Equine Motor Neuron Disease“, Hufrehe).

Bei den Pferden, die Zylexis® verabreicht bekamen, konnte eine Tendenz zur Verbesserung

des Immunstatus nachgewiesen werden. Es fiel ein deutlich höherer Gesamteiweißgehalt auf,

der wahrscheinlich auf eine vermehrte Produktion von Immunglobulinen zurückzuführen ist.

Außerdem war die Kortisolkonzentration nach der Operation signifikant niedriger. Der IgAGehalt

zeigte einen weniger deutlichen Konzentrationsabfall, was aber statistisch nicht belegt

werden konnte.

Die Untersuchungen zeigten, dass das N:L-Verhältnis und Glukose geeignete Parameter

darstellen um zuverlässig den Stress, dem ein Pferd ausgesetzt ist, zu evaluieren. Kortisol ist

vorsichtig zu interpretieren, da es großen individuellen Schwankungen ausgesetzt ist.

Die Bestimmung von IgA im Kot gibt Aufschluss über den lokalen Immunstatus des

Intestinaltrakts. Da es bei allen Pferden postoperativ zu signifikanten Konzentrationsabfällen

kam, sind Pferde nach jeder Operation offensichtlich prädisponiert, eine Darmerkrankung,

wie beispielsweise Colitis X, zu entwickeln. Kortisol scheint auch Einfluss auf das lokale

Immunsystem zu nehmen, da hohe Kortisolwerte mit einem niedrigen IgA-Gehalt im Kot

korrelierten.

Um die Zusammenhänge der Blutparameter und der Colitis X näher zu erforschen und

insbesondere um die „kritischen“ IgA-Konzentrationen zu ermitteln, wären noch weiterführende

Untersuchungen aufschlußreich.

[Many horses in clinics display symptoms of stress-associated diseases. One of the most feared

is the so-called Colitis X, an often fatal ending diarrhea. As death occurs quite often in the

course of those diseases, their avoidance has first priority.

The aim of the following study was to find out whether signs of stress which are displayed by

the horses correlate with measurable blood parameters. Furthermore we tried to find a

parameter which was suitable to evaluate stress in hospitalized horses.

Apart from the commonly measured parameters (hematocrit, total protein, leucocytes,

glucose, lactate, corticosterone) we tried to include free oxygen radicals in this study.

Immunoglobulin A in faeces was investigated to find out how stress interfered with the local

immune system. A Paramunityinducer often used in Germany (Zylexis®) was administered to

10 selected horses to research its effect on the different parameters.

110 patients hospitalized in the horse clinic were examined. First the horses were organized

into two groups. One group underwent surgery and the other one received stationary

treatment. Furthermore a control group was taken into account which had not been

transported or subjected to stress in six weeks prior to the study.

The horses were drawn blood and collected faeces in defined intervals to register the

influence of transport, operation and clinic stress. Blood samples were taken directly after the

transport, prior to the operation, right after surgery and one day and four days after the

operation. Horses which did not undergo surgery including the control group were drawn

blood and faeces three times (day 1, 3, and the day prior to discharge from the clinic).

For the paramunity investigation patients for vitrectomy were chosen as they display a good

example for short little traumatic operations. Those were compared with other horses brought

into the clinic for short operations.

After the transport to the clinic horses showed significant increases in leukocyte

concentration, N:L-ratio, glucose and the clinical parameters (heart rate, breathing rate, body

temperature). The immunoglobulin concentration decreased after the transport to rapidly rise

after contact with antigens from the clinic environment.

Horses categorized as “nervous, sensitive” displayed significantly higher corticosterone

concentrations after the transport than horses categorized as “cool, calm”. Other distinct

variations showed after the operations. The lactate concentrations increased significantly after

anaesthesia and went up even further after the horse got up afterwards. This is due to

muscular fatigue as lactate is mainly produced in the muscles. Glucose, corticosterone and the

N:L-ratio also displayed higher concentrations after the operation.

Hematocrit and total protein concentrations decreased after anaesthesia ascribed to infusions

during operation. After anaesthesia a highly significant reduction of immunoglobulin

concentrations in the faeces was determined. No influence of the different operation traumas

could be recognized.

That was surprising as in all other cases horses in very bad general condition displayed

distinct changes.

The free oxygen radicals did not show any characteristic pattern. There appeared to be a

higher concentration in horses with chronic illnesses. Furthermore some diseases, like Equine

Motor Neuron Disease and laminitis, seemed to have an increasing impact on the oxygen

radicals.

Zylexis® showed a tendency to improve the immune status of the horses in this study. The

paramunized horses had more total serum protein than the others. This could be due to an

increased production of Immunoglobulins. Additionally the corticosterone concentration after

the operation stayed on a significantly lower level. The local immunoglobulin A

concentrations did not appear to decrease as much as in the non-paramunized horses but it

was not possible to statistically prove this statement.

The results of this study show that the N:L-ratio and glucose might be suitable parameters to

reliably evaluate the stress that has an effect on the hospitalized horse. Corticosterone values

have to be interpreted carefully as they are very prone to individual variations.

Measuring immunoglobulins in faeces provides information about the local intestinal immune

status. Since all horses showed significant lower immunoglobulin concentrations after the

anesthesia/operation they obviously lack immune protection and are therefore predisposed for

developing enteritis, as Colitis X. In this study corticosterone seemed to influence the local

immune system as high concentrations of corticosterone correlated with low immunoglobulin

levels.

To understand the circumstances more thoroughly and to find out which factors have to be

present additionally in order for the horses to fall ill with Colitis X, further investigations have

to be made.]
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
  Publisher LMU München Place of Publication München Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5902  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Pérez-Barbería, F.J.; Shultz, S.; Dunbar, R.I. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Evidence for coevolution of sociality and relative brain size in three orders of mammals Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 61 Issue Pages  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Pérez-Barbería2007 Serial 6221  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Emery, N.J.; Clayton, N.S.; Frith, C.D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Introduction. Social intelligence: from brain to culture Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Philos Trans R Soc B Abbreviated Journal Philos Trans R Soc B  
  Volume 362 Issue Pages  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Emery2007 Serial 6302  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Giraldeau, L.-A.; Lefebvre, L.; Morand-Ferron, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Can a restrictive definition lead to biases and tautologies? Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioral and Brain Sciences Abbreviated Journal Behav. Brain Sci.  
  Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages 411-412  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract We argue that the operational definition proposed by Ramsey et al. does not represent a significant improvement for students of innovation, because it is so restrictive that it might actually prevent the testing of hypotheses on the relationships between innovation, ecology, evolution, culture, and intelligence. To avoid tautological thinking, we need to use an operational definition that is taxonomically unbiased and neutral with respect to the hypotheses to be tested.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition 2007/12/17  
  ISSN 0140-525x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6533  
Permanent link to this record
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