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| Author | Gorgasser I.; Tichy A.; Palme R. | ||||
| Title | Faecal cortisol metabolites in Quarter Horses during initial training under field conditions[Messung der Kortisolmetaboliten im Pferdekot während der Grundausbildung von 2jährigen Quarter Horses] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Wien. Tierärztl. Mschr. – Vet. Med. Austria | Abbreviated Journal  |
Wien. Tierärztl. Mschr. – Vet. Med. Austria |
| Volume | 94 | Issue | Pages | 226 - 230 | |
| Keywords | horse, stress, adrenocortical activity, western riding, non-invasive[Pferd, Stress, Nebennierenrindenaktivität, Westernreiten, nicht-invasiv] | ||||
| Abstract | The first month of training of a young horse is suspected to be stressful, but the endocrine responses to initial training are unknown. Therefore in our study a total of 40 Quarter Horses (QH), all at the age of almost 2 years, were followed during the first 30 days of their training. During this time faecal samples were collected twice daily and faecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) were measured. Baseline values of FCM ranged between 1.3 and 20.1 (median: 6.7) ng/g faeces. No differences in FCM values between days of training were found. Mares showed the highest values. Significant diurnal variations were observed in mares (p=0.035) and stallions (p=0.003), but not in geldings (p=0.282). As in this study adrenocortical activity was not increased during initial training, horses seem to cope very well with this new situation. The results of our large-scale study provide basic physiological data about initial training. This gives additional input in an emotional debate about animal welfare aspects of first time handling and training of horses. Abbreviations: 11,17-DOA = 11,17-dioxoandrostanes; EIA = Enyzme Immunoassay; FCM = faecal cortisol metabolites; GC = glucocorticoids; HPA-axis = hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical-axis; QH = Quarter Horses [Das Einreiten eines jungen Pferdes steht unter Verdacht belastend zu sein. Bisher gibt es aber keine Veröffentlichungen über endokrine Vorgänge während dieser Phase. Mit der vorliegenden Studie wurde überprüft, ob Pferde aufgrund physischer und psychischer Belastungen während des Trainings höhere Konzentrationen an Kortisolmetaboliten im Kot (FCM) aufweisen. Es wurden dazu 40 Quarter Horses im Alter von 2 Jahren während der ersten 30 Tage der Grundausbildung des Westernreitens beobachtet und ihre FCM Werte gemessen. Während dieser Zeitspanne wurden täglich morgens und abends Kotproben der Pferde genommen. Die Basalwerte der FCM Konzentration variierten zwischen 1,3 und 20,1 (Median: 6,7) ng/g Kot, wobei Stuten die höchsten Werte hatten. Signifikante Unterschiede während der einzelnen Trainingstage konnten nicht festgestellt werden. In der Tagesrhythmik wurden signifikante Unterschiede bei Stuten (p=0,035) und bei Hengsten (p=0,003), jedoch nicht bei Wallachen (p=0,282) ermittelt. In dieser Studie konnte keine erhöhte Aktivität der Nebennierenrinde im Verlauf der Grundausbildung eines Pferdes im Westernreitstil festgestellt werden. Das legt nahe, dass Pferde mit dieser neuen, zeitlich kurz andauernden Situationen gut zurechtkommen. Unsere Studie wurde an einer großen Anzahl von Tieren unter Feldbedingungen durchgeführt. Sie bietet daher eine gute Datenbasis über Belastungen während des Einreitens. Damit liefert sie einen zusätzlichen Beitrag zu einer mitunter emotional geführten Debatte über tierschutzrelevante Aspekte bei der Grundausbildung von Pferden.] |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6125 | ||
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| Author | Robinson, H.C. | ||||
| Title | Equine interspecies aggression | Type | |||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | The Veterinary record | Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
| Volume | 160 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 244 |
| Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Equidae; Horses/*physiology/*psychology | ||||
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| ISSN | 0042-4900 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17308028 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1773 | |||
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| Author | Muscatello, G.; Gilkerson, J.R.; Browning, G.F. | ||||
| Title | Comparison of two selective media for the recovery, isolation, enumeration and differentiation of Rhodococcus equi | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Veterinary Microbiology | Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Microbiol |
| Volume | 119 | Issue | 2-4 | Pages | 324-329 |
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| Abstract | The use of selective media to facilitate the isolation of Rhodococcus equi from environmental and clinical samples has aided studies of the ecology of R. equi and the epidemiology of disease caused by R. equi. Here, we compared the efficacy of two selective media (NANAT and modified CAZ-NB) for the recovery of six defined strains of R. equi and for the isolation and enumeration of both avirulent and virulent R. equi from 60 paired soil samples from horse farms using colony blotting and DNA hybridisation. No difference was found between the two media in the recoverability of defined strains of R. equi or the proportion of soil cultures positive for R. equi or virulent R. equi. NANAT medium was significantly less inhibitory of bacterial growth from soil culture compared to mCAZ-NB (P = 0.001), but there was no difference between the media in the number of R. equi colonies recovered. Soil cultured on mCAZ-NB medium yielded a significantly greater number of virulent R. equi colonies than NANAT (P = 0.03). The proportion of R. equi that were virulent in soil cultures on mCAZ-NB (32%) was more than three times that seen in cultures on NANAT (9%). Thus modified CAZ-NB appeared to be a better selective media for studies where the optimal recovery of virulent R. equi is required, such as in studies of the gastrointestinal carriage of virulent R. equi and of subclinically infected foals. | ||||
| Address | Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. mug@unimelb.edu.au | ||||
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| ISSN | 0378-1135 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17084043 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2621 | ||
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| Author | Bannasch, D.; Rinaldo, C.; Millon, L.; Latson, K.; Spangler, T.; Hubberty, S.; Galuppo, L.; Lowenstine, L. | ||||
| Title | SRY negative 64,XX intersex phenotype in an American saddlebred horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997) | Abbreviated Journal |
Vet J |
| Volume | 173 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 437-439 |
| Keywords | Animals; Female; Genitalia/abnormalities; Hermaphroditism/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis/genetics; Horses/*genetics/*physiology; Karyotyping; Phenotype; Sex Differentiation; Sex Differentiation Disorders/diagnosis/veterinary; Sex-Determining Region Y Protein/genetics/*metabolism | ||||
| Abstract | A female American saddlebred horse was presented for surgical correction of a possible pseudohermaphrodite condition. The horse had abnormal external genitalia and exhibited stallion-like behaviour. No evidence of uterine or ovarian tissue was identified on laparoscopic examination, but hypoplastic testicular-like tissue was removed, although this was found to contain no spermatogonia upon histopathological examination. A karyotype was performed and showed the normal chromosomal complement for a female horse (64,XX). Polymerase chain reaction to detect the SRY gene was negative in peripheral blood as well as the testicular-like tissue. This case represents the first report of an SRY negative XX-male sex reversal intersex phenotype, which is a potentially inherited condition, in an American saddlebred horse. | ||||
| Address | Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. dlbannasch@ucdavis.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1090-0233 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16386440 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1882 | |||
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| Author | Singer, E.R.; Barnes, J.; Saxby, F.; Murray, J.K. | ||||
| Title | Injuries in the event horse: Training versus competition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal |
Vet J | |
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| Abstract | Two related studies on injuries sustained by event horses during competition and during training are reported. During the cross-country phase of competition, the most common injuries were lacerations and abrasions to the carpus and stifle. Superficial digital flexor tendonitis and exertional rhabdomyolysis were significantly more common during Cours Complete Internationale (CCI) competitions compared to one-day event (ODE) competitions. The difference in injury types at ODEs and CCI competitions probably relates to the increased athletic demands of the CCI and the closer veterinary observation at these competitions. The results of the training study indicate that 21% of horses intending to compete in a CCI did not start due to injury. Forty-three percent of these injuries involved soft tissue structures with injuries to the superficial digital flexor tendon and the suspensory ligament each accounting for 33%. The most important area for future research is investigation of the risk factors for these career-threatening soft tissue injuries. | ||||
| Address | Division of Equine Studies, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK | ||||
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| ISSN | 1090-0233 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17204438 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4025 | ||
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| Author | Spadavecchia, C.; Arendt-Nielsen, L.; Spadavecchia, L.; Mosing, M.; Auer, U.; van den Hoven, R. | ||||
| Title | Effects of butorphanol on the withdrawal reflex using threshold, suprathreshold and repeated subthreshold electrical stimuli in conscious horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia | Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Anaesth Analg |
| Volume | 34 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 48-58 |
| Keywords | Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology; Animals; Butorphanol/*pharmacology; Consciousness; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Forelimb/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Male; Pain/veterinary; Pain Threshold/*drug effects; Reflex/*drug effects | ||||
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a single intravenous dose of butorphanol (0.1 mg kg(-1)) on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) using threshold, suprathreshold and repeated subthreshold electrical stimuli in conscious horses. STUDY DESIGN: 'Unblinded', prospective experimental study. ANIMALS: Ten adult horses, five geldings and five mares, mean body mass 517 kg (range 487-569 kg). METHODS: The NWR was elicited using single transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the palmar digital nerve. Repeated stimulations were applied to evoke temporal summation. Surface electromyography was performed to record and quantify the responses of the common digital extensor muscle to stimulation and behavioural reactions were scored. Before butorphanol administration and at fixed time points up to 2 hours after injection, baseline threshold intensities for NWR and temporal summation were defined and single suprathreshold stimulations applied. Friedman repeated-measures analysis of variance on ranks and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used with the Student-Newman-Keul's method applied post-hoc. The level of significance (alpha) was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Butorphanol did not modify either the thresholds for NWR and temporal summation or the reaction scores, but the difference between suprathreshold and threshold reflex amplitudes was reduced when single stimulation was applied. Upon repeated stimulation after butorphanol administration, a significant decrease in the relative amplitude was calculated for both the 30-80 and the 80-200 millisecond intervals after each stimulus, and for the whole post-stimulation interval in the right thoracic limb. In the left thoracic limb a decrease in the relative amplitude was found only in the 30-80 millisecond epoch. CONCLUSION: Butorphanol at 0.1 mg kg(-1) has no direct action on spinal Adelta nociceptive activity but may have some supraspinal effects that reduce the gain of the nociceptive system. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Butorphanol has minimal effect on sharp immediate Adelta-mediated pain but may alter spinal processing and decrease the delayed sensations of pain. | ||||
| Address | Anesthesiology Section, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland. claudia.spadavecchia@veths.no | ||||
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| ISSN | 1467-2987 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17238962 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 92 | ||
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| Author | Tibbetts, E.A.; Dale, J. | ||||
| Title | Individual recognition: it is good to be different | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Trends in Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
| Volume | 22 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 529-537 |
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| Abstract | Individual recognition (IR) behavior has been widely studied, uncovering spectacular recognition abilities across a range of taxa and modalities. Most studies of IR focus on the recognizer (receiver). These studies typically explore whether a species is capable of IR, the cues that are used for recognition and the specializations that receivers use to facilitate recognition. However, relatively little research has explored the other half of the communication equation: the individual being recognized (signaler). Provided there is a benefit to being accurately identified, signalers are expected to actively broadcast their identity with distinctive cues. Considering the prevalence of IR, there are probably widespread benefits associated with distinctiveness. As a result, selection for traits that reveal individual identity might represent an important and underappreciated selective force contributing to the evolution and maintenance of genetic polymorphisms. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4572 | ||
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| Author | Boissevain, I. | ||||
| Title | [Animal and human rights in installments] | Type | |||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde | Abbreviated Journal |
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd |
| Volume | 132 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 132 |
| Keywords | Animals; Clinical Competence/*standards; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis; Horses; Humans; Netherlands; Time Factors; Veterinary Medicine/*methods/*standards | ||||
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| Language | Dutch | Summary Language | Original Title | Dierenrechten en mensenrechten in termijnen | |
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| ISSN | 0040-7453 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17366876 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4018 | ||
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| Author | Schmidt, R.; Amrhein, V.; Kunc, H.P.; Naguib, M. | ||||
| Title | The day after: effects of vocal interactions on territory defence in nightingales | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | The Journal of Animal Ecology | Abbreviated Journal |
T. J. Anim. Ecol. |
| Volume | 76 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 168-173 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Male; Songbirds/*physiology; *Territoriality; Time Factors; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | 1. Models on territory acquisition and tenure predict that territorial animals benefit by adjusting territorial defence behaviour to previous challenges they had experienced within the socially complex environment of communication networks. 2. Here, we addressed such issues of social cognition by investigating persisting effects of vocal contests on territory defence behaviour in nightingales Luscinia megarhynchos (Brehm). 3. Using interactive playback during nocturnal song of subjects, a rival was simulated to countersing either aggressively (by song overlapping) or moderately (by song alternating) from outside the subjects' territory. Thereby, the time-specific singing strategy provided an experimentally controlled source of information on the motivation of an unfamiliar rival. 4. Expecting that nightingales integrate information with time, the same rival was simulated to return as a moderately singing intruder on the following morning. 5. The results show that the vigour with which male nightingales responded to the simulated intrusion of an opponent during the day depended on the nature of the nocturnal vocal interaction experienced several hours before. 6. Males that had received the song overlapping playback the preceding night approached the simulated intruder more quickly and closer and sang more songs near the loudspeaker than did males that had received a song alternating playback. 7. This adjustment of territory defence strategies depending on information from prior signalling experience suggests that integrating information with time plays an important part in territory defence by affecting a male's decision making in a communication network. | ||||
| Address | Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100 131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. rouven.schmidt@uni-bielefeld.de | ||||
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| ISSN | 0021-8790 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17184365 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2749 | ||
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| Author | Kraft, C.N.; Urban, N.; Ilg, A.; Wallny, T.; Scharfstadt, A.; Jager, M.; Pennekamp, P.H. | ||||
| Title | [Influence of the riding discipline and riding intensity on the incidence of back pain in competitive horseback riders] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Sportverletzung Sportschaden : Organ der Gesellschaft fur Orthopadisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin | Abbreviated Journal |
Sportverletz Sportschaden |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 29-33 |
| Keywords | Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Child; Female; Horses; Humans; Incidence; Low Back Pain/diagnosis/*epidemiology/etiology; Male; Middle Aged; Pain Measurement; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; *Sports/physiology | ||||
| Abstract | INTRODUCTION: The connection between morphologic changes of the spine and the intensity of training has been assessed for a number of sport activities. The influence of horseback riding on the spine has only rarely been evaluated. The aim of our study was to evaluate to what degree horseback riders suffer from back pain and whether there is an association between this parameter and the category i. e. the intensity of horseback riding. Furthermore we wanted to judge whether riding may have a positive effect on pre-existent back pain. METHODS: 508 horseback riders (63.2 % females; 36.8 % males) competing in either dressage, showjumping or vaulting were interviewed using a questionnaire. Apart from biometric data, the intensity with which riding was performed and the localisation and intensity (VAS) of back pain was assessed. Furthermore, in the case of existing back pain, riders were asked whether different riding disciplines and paces changed the intensity of pain. RESULTS: 300 dressage riders (59.1 %), 188 showjumpers (37.0 %) and 20 vaulters (3.9 %) with an average age of 33.5 Jahre (12 – 77 years) were questioned. The incidence of back pain was 72.5 %. A significant correlation between back pain and riding discipline respectively gender or riding level could not be found. Discrepancies in VAS-score for dressage riders (3.95 +/- 0.13), show jumpers (4.10 +/- 0.16) and vaulters (3.76 +/- 0.5) were marginal and not significant (p > 0.05). Overall 58.7 % resp. 15.2 % reported to have pain in the lumbar i.e cervical spine. Despite the fact that a large fraction of dressage riders claimed to have problems in these spine areas with 57.7 % resp. 68.8 %, this finding was not significant compared to the other riding disciplines. While 61.6 % of dressage riders reported an improvement of their back pain when riding, this was only the case in 40.9 % of show jumpers. CONCLUSION: Compared to the general population, a high incidence of back pain is found among riders. A significant correlation between the intensity of riding or the riding discipline and frequency or severity of back pain could not be found. For riders with pre-existent back pain the pace “walk” seems to have a positive influence on pain intensity. | ||||
| Address | Klinik und Poliklinik fur Orthopadie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Dusseldorf. clayton.kraft@med.uni-duesseldorf.de | ||||
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| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | Einfluss der Reitdisziplin und -intensitat auf die Inzidenz von Ruckenschmerzen bei Reitsportlern | |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0932-0555 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17385102 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3706 | ||
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