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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Stich, K.P.; Winter, Y. url  openurl
  Title Lack of generalization of object discrimination between spatial contexts by a bat Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication J. Exp. Biol. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 209 Issue 23 Pages 4802-4808  
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  Abstract Discrimination and generalization are important elements of cognition in the daily lives of animals. Nectar-feeding bats detect flowers by olfaction and probably vision, but also use echolocation and echo-perception of flowers in immediate target surroundings. The echo received from an interference-rich flower corolla is a function of a bat's own relative position in space. This raises the question how easily a free-flying bat will generalize an echo stimulus from a learning situation to a new spatial context where differences in relative flight approach trajectories may lead to an unfamiliar spectral composition of the self-generated echoes. We trained free-flying Glossophaga soricina in echoacoustic discrimination in a two-alternative forced-choice (2-AFC) paradigm at location A. We then tested at location B for spontaneous transfer of discrimination ability. Bats did not spontaneously transfer the discrimination ability acquired at A to location B. This lack of spontaneous generalization may have been caused by factors of the underlying learning mechanisms. 2-AFC tasks may not be representative of the natural foraging behaviour of flower-visiting bats. In contrast to insect-eating bats that constantly evaluate the environment to detect unpredictable prey, the spatial stability of flowers may allow flower visitors to rely on spatial memory to guide foraging. The 2-AFC task requires the disregard (learned irrelevance) of salient spatial location cues that are different at each new location. In Glossophaga, a conjunction between spatial context and 2-AFC discrimination learning may have inhibited the transfer of learned irrelevance of spatial location in the 2-AFC task to new spatial locations. Alternatively, the bats may have learnt the second discrimination task completely anew, and were faster only because of an acquired learning set. We suggest a dissociation between 2-AFC task acquisition and novel object discrimination learning to resolve the issue.  
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  Notes 10.1242/jeb.02574 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2962  
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Author Brembs, B.; Wiener, J. url  openurl
  Title Context and occasion setting in Drosophila visual learning Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Learn. Mem. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages 618-628  
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  Abstract In a permanently changing environment, it is by no means an easy task to distinguish potentially important events from negligible ones. Yet, to survive, every animal has to continuously face that challenge. How does the brain accomplish this feat? Building on previous work in Drosophila melanogaster visual learning, we have developed an experimental methodology in which combinations of visual stimuli (colors and patterns) can be arranged such that the same stimuli can either be directly predictive, indirectly predictive, or nonpredictive of punishment. Varying this relationship, we found that wild-type flies can establish different memory templates for the same contextual color cues. The colors can either leave no trace in the pattern memory template, leading to context-independent pattern memory (context generalization), or be learned as a higher-order cue indicating the nature of the pattern-heat contingency leading to context-dependent memory (occasion setting) or serve as a conditioned stimulus predicting the punishment directly (simple conditioning). In transgenic flies with compromised mushroom-body function, the sensitivity to these subtle variations is altered. Our methodology constitutes a new concept for designing learning experiments. Our findings suggest that the insect mushroom bodies stabilize visual memories against context changes and are not required for cognition-like higher-order learning.  
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  Notes 10.1101/lm.318606 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2963  
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Author Clayton NS; Dickinson A openurl 
  Title Rational rats Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 9 Issue Pages 472  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3061  
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Author Saleh, N.; Chittka, L. doi  openurl
  Title The importance of experience in the interpretation of conspecific chemical signals Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.  
  Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 215-220  
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  Abstract Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;Foraging bumblebees scent mark flowers with hydrocarbon secretions. Several studies have found these scent marks act as a repellent to bee foragers. This was thought to minimize the risk of visiting recently depleted flowers. Some studies, however, have found a reverse, attractive effect of scent marks left on flowers. Do bees mark flowers with different scents, or could the same scent be interpreted differently depending on the bees? previous experience with reward levels in flowers? We use a simple experimental design to investigate if the scent marks can become attractive when bees forage on artificial flowers that remain rewarding upon the bees? return after having depleted them. We contrast this with bees trained in the more natural scenario where revisits to recently emptied flowers are unrewarding. The bees association between scent mark and reward value was tested with flowers scent marked from the same source. We find that the bees experience with the level of reward determines how the scent mark is interpreted: the same scent can act as both an attractant and a repellent. How experience and learning influence the interpretation of the meaning of chemical signals deposited by animals for communication has rarely been investigated.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3150  
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Author Ottoni, E.; de Resende, B.; Izar, P. doi  openurl
  Title Erratum Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 156-156  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3258  
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Author Bekoff, M. doi  openurl
  Title Animal Passions And Beastly Virtues: Cognitive Ethology As The Unifying Science For Understanding The Subjective, Emotional, Empathic, And Moral Lives Of Animals Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Zygon Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 41 Issue Pages 71-104  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3445  
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Author Cruz, H. doi  openurl
  Title Towards a Darwinian Approach to Mathematics Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Foundations of Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue Pages 157-196  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3441  
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Author Purpura, G.J. doi  openurl
  Title In Search of Human Uniqueness Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Philosophical Psychology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 19 Issue Pages 443-461  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3435  
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Author Sickler, J.; Fraser, J.; Webler, T.; Reiss, D.; Boyle, P.; Lyn, H.; Lemcke, K.; Gruber, S. doi  openurl
  Title Social Narratives Surrounding Dolphins: Q Method Study Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Society and Animals Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue Pages 351-382  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3431  
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Author Deecke, V.B. doi  openurl
  Title Studying Marine Mammal Cognition in the Wild: A Review of Four Decades of Playback Experiments Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Aquatic Mammals Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 32 Issue Pages 461-482  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3420  
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