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| Author | Brooks, S. M. | ||||
| Title | Animal-assisted psychotherapy and equine-fasciliated psychotherapy. | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Psychotherapy and Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy, | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 196-217 | ||
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| Publisher | Guilford Press | Place of Publication | New York | Editor  |
Webb, N.B. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5071 | ||
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| Author | Tomasello, M.; Call, J. | ||||
| Title | Do chimpanzees know what others see ? or only what they are looking at? | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Rational Animals? | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 371-384 | ||
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| Publisher | Oxford University Press | Place of Publication | Oxford | Editor |
Nudds, M.; Hurley, S. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4094 | ||
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| Author | Trillmich, F.; Rehling, A. | ||||
| Title | Animal Communication: Parent-Offspring | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 284-288 | ||
| Keywords | Begging Strategies; Communication; Competition; Feeding Strategies; Fitness; Parental Care; Parent-Offspring Conflict; Recognition; Sibling Conflict | ||||
| Abstract | Parent-offspring communication has evolved under strong selection to guarantee that the valuable resource of parental care is expended efficiently on raising offspring. To ensure allocation of parental care to their own offspring, individual recognition becomes established in higher vertebrates when the young become mobile at a time when a nest site can no longer provide a safe cue to recognition. Such recognition needs to be established by rapid, sometimes imprinting-like, processes in animals producing precocial offspring. In parents, offering strategies that stimulate feeding and entice offspring to approach the right site have evolved. Such parental signals can be olfactory, acoustic, or visual. In offspring, begging strategies involve shuffling for the best place to obtain food – be this the most productive teat or the best position in the nest. This involves signals that make the offspring particularly obvious to the parent. Parents often feed young according to their signaling intensity but may also show favoritism for weaker offspring. Offspring signals also serve to communicate the continuing presence of the young and may thereby maintain brood-care behavior in parents. Internal processes in parents may end parental care irrespective of further signaling by offspring, thus ensuring that offspring cannot manipulate parents into providing substantially more care than is optimal for their own fitness. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Oxford | Editor |
Keith Brown |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 9780080448541 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4642 | ||
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| Author | Allen, C. | ||||
| Title | Transitive inference in animals: Reasoning or conditioned associations? | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Rational Animals? | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 175-186 | ||
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| Abstract | It is widely accepted that many species of nonhuman animals appear to engage in transitive inference, producing appropriate responses to novel pairings of non-adjacent members of an ordered series without previous experience of these pairings. Some researchers have taken this capability as providing direct evidence that these animals reason. Others resist such declarations, favouring instead explanations in terms of associative conditioning. Associative accounts of transitive inference have been refined in application to a simple 5-element learning task that is the main paradigm for laboratory investigations of the phenomenon, but it remains unclear how well those accounts generalise to more information-rich environments such as social hierarchies which may contain scores of individuals, and where rapid learning is important. The case of transitive inference is an example of a more general dispute between proponents of associative accounts and advocates of more cognitive accounts of animal behaviour. Examination of the specific details of transitive inference suggests some lessons for the wider debate. |
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| Address | Texas A&M University | ||||
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| Publisher | Oxford University Press | Place of Publication | Oxford | Editor |
Hurley, S.; Nudds, M. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0-19-852827-2 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 611 | ||
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| Author | Paukner, A.; Anderson, J.R.; Fujita, K. | ||||
| Title | Redundant food searches by capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella): a failure of metacognition? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Animal cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 110-117 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; Cebus; *Concept Formation; Female; Male; Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Problem Solving; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | This study investigated capuchin monkeys' understanding of their own visual search behavior as a means to gather information. Five monkeys were presented with three tubes that could be visually searched to determine the location of a bait. The bait's visibility was experimentally manipulated, and the monkeys' spontaneous visual searches before tube selection were analyzed. In Experiment 1, three monkeys selected the baited tube significantly above chance; however, the monkeys also searched transparent tubes. In Experiment 2, a bent tube in which food was never visible was introduced. When the bent tube was baited, the monkeys failed to deduce the bait location and responded randomly. They also continued to look into the bent tube despite not gaining any pertinent information from it. The capuchin monkeys' behavior contrasts with the efficient employment of visual search behavior reported in humans, apes and macaques. This difference is consistent with species-related variations in metacognitive abilities, although other explanations are also possible. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK. ap14@stir.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16184375 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 15 | ||
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| Author | Palmer, M.E.; Calve, M.R.; Adamo, S.A. | ||||
| Title | Response of female cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Cephalopoda) to mirrors and conspecifics: evidence for signaling in female cuttlefish | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Animal cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 151-155 |
| Keywords | Analysis of Variance; *Animal Communication; Animals; Bias (Epidemiology); Female; Male; Pigmentation/*physiology; Recognition (Psychology)/*physiology; Sepia/*physiology; Visual Perception/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Cuttlefish have a large repertoire of body patterns that are used for camouflage and interspecific signaling. Intraspecific signaling by male cuttlefish has been well documented but studies on signaling by females are lacking. We found that females displayed a newly described body pattern termed Splotch toward their mirror image and female conspecifics, but not to males, prey or inanimate objects. Female cuttlefish may use the Splotch body pattern as an intraspecific signal, possibly to reduce agonistic interactions. The ability of females to produce a consistent body pattern in response to conspecifics and mirrors suggests that they can recognize same-sex conspecifics using visual cues, despite the lack of sexual dimorphism visible to human observers. | ||||
| Address | Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Dorset, ON, Canada, P0A 1E0 | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16408230 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 16 | ||
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| Author | Herrmann, E.; Melis, A.P.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Apes' use of iconic cues in the object-choice task | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Animal cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 118-130 |
| Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; *Choice Behavior; *Cues; Female; Gorilla gorilla; Male; *Nonverbal Communication; Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; Pongo pygmaeus; *Problem Solving; Space Perception; Species Specificity; Statistics, Nonparametric | ||||
| Abstract | In previous studies great apes have shown little ability to locate hidden food using a physical marker placed by a human directly on the target location. In this study, we hypothesized that the perceptual similarity between an iconic cue and the hidden reward (baited container) would help apes to infer the location of the food. In the first two experiments, we found that if an iconic cue is given in addition to a spatial/indexical cue – e.g., picture or replica of a banana placed on the target location – apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, gorillas) as a group performed above chance. However, we also found in two further experiments that when iconic cues were given on their own without spatial/indexical information (iconic cue held up by human with no diagnostic spatial/indexical information), the apes were back to chance performance. Our overall conclusion is that although iconic information helps apes in the process of searching hidden food, the poor performance found in the last two experiments is due to apes' lack of understanding of the informative (cooperative) communicative intention of the experimenter. | ||||
| Address | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. eherrman@eva.mpg.de | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16395566 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 14 | |||
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| Author | Douglas Wilson, A. | ||||
| Title | The effects of diet on blood glucose, insulin, gastrin and the serum tryptophan: Large neutral amino acid ratio in foals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | The Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Vet J |
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| Keywords | Diet; Horse; Insulin; Gastrin; Tryptophan | ||||
| Abstract | High carbohydrate diets can affect the health and behaviour of foals, but the mechanisms are not always fully understood. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of feeding a starch and sugar (SS), or a fat (oil) and fibre (FF) rich diet to two groups of eight foals. Diets were fed from 4 to 42 weeks of age, alongside ad libitum forage. Faecal pH levels did not differ significantly between groups and endoscopic examination showed that the gastric mucosa was healthy in both groups at 25 and 42 weeks of age. At 40 weeks of age, SS foals had significantly higher total blood glucose and lower total blood gastrin than FF foals during the 6h period following ingestion of their respective diets, but insulin levels did not differ significantly. The ratio between serum tryptophan and other large neutral amino acids showed a trend towards an interaction between diet and sampling time. The results provide preliminary information about the effects of diet on the physiology of young horses. | ||||
| Address | School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK | ||||
| Corporate Author | Amanda J. Badnell-Watersb, Rachel Biceb, Ailison Kellandb, Pat A. Harrisc and Christine J. Nicol | Thesis | |||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1090-0233 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16945560 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 63 | ||
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| Author | Crosby, M.B.; Zhang, J.; Nowling, T.M.; Svenson, J.L.; Nicol, C.J.; Gonzalez, F.J.; Gilkeson, G.S. | ||||
| Title | Inflammatory modulation of PPAR gamma expression and activity | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Clinical immunology | Abbreviated Journal | Clin Immunol |
| Volume | 118 | Issue | 2-3 | Pages | 276-283 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Cell Line, Transformed; Cells, Cultured; Female; Inflammation Mediators/*physiology; Kidney/metabolism; Mesangial Cells/metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred MRL lpr; Mice, Knockout; Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis/genetics; PPAR gamma/*biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism; Up-Regulation/immunology | ||||
| Abstract | Nitric oxide (NO) production increases with age in the lupus-prone MRL/lpr mouse, paralleling disease activity. One mechanism for excess NO production in MRL/lpr mice may be a defect in down-regulatory mechanisms of the iNOS pathway. A potential modulator of NO is the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). We demonstrate that renal PPARgamma protein expression was altered as disease progressed in MRL/lpr mice, which paralleled increased iNOS protein expression. Additionally, MRL/lpr-derived primary mesangial cells expressed less PPARgamma than BALB/c mesangial cells and produced more NO in response to LPS and IFNgamma. Furthermore, PPARgamma activity was reduced in mesangial cells following exposure to inflammatory mediators. This activity was restored with the addition of a NOS enzyme inhibitor. These results indicate that the activation of inflammatory pathways may lead to reduced activity and expression of PPARgamma, further exacerbating the disease state. | ||||
| Address | Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1521-6616 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16303334 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 67 | ||
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| Author | Mateo, J.M. | ||||
| Title | The nature and representation of individual recognition odours in Belding's ground squirrels | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 71 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 141-154 |
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| Abstract | In many taxonomic groups, odours provide cues to species identity, reproductive status, genetic relatedness and individual identity. These odour cues are often used to mark territories or other resources and to recognize individuals through direct or indirect olfactory investigation. Belding's ground squirrels, Spermophilus beldingi, frequently scent-mark their environment and they also investigate the scent glands of conspecifics, which suggests that odours play a modulating role in their social relationships. I conducted studies to determine what information is conveyed by various S. beldingi odours and whether this information is used by conspecifics for social recognition. Spermophilus beldingi produce a number of cues that are individually distinct, including odours from oral, dorsal, pedal and anal glands and from ears, but apparently not from urine, although it is unclear whether all of these odours are used for social recognition. This discrimination among odours of individuals does not require prior familiarity with the odour bearers. The volatile components of some odours are sufficient to permit individual discrimination, which may explain how animals appear to [`]recognize' each other from a short distance. Finally, S. beldingi incorporate multiple odours into their memories of conspecifics as perception of one odour of an individual generalizes to a second odour from it, suggesting a mental representation of familiar individuals. The production of multiple unique odours may facilitate accurate discrimination of conspecifics along several social dimensions, and some of these odours also vary with relatedness. Together, these results indicate a rich olfactory milieu mediating the social lives of S. beldingi. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4640 | ||
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