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| Author | Gibson, B.M.; Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
| Title | Place versus response learning revisited: tests of blocking on the radial maze | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Behavioral neuroscience | Abbreviated Journal | Behav Neurosci |
| Volume | 119 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 567-586 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Association Learning; Male; *Maze Learning; Memory; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Reproducibility of Results | ||||
| Abstract | Neurobiological and behavioral research indicates that place learning and response learning occur simultaneously, in parallel. Such findings seem to conflict with theories of associative learning in which different cues compete for learning. The authors conducted place+response training on a radial maze and then tested place learning and response learning separately by reconfiguring the maze in various ways. Consistent with the effects of manipulating place and response systems in the brain (M. G. Packard & J. L. McGaugh, 1996), well-trained rats showed strong place learning and strong response learning. Three experiments using associative blocking paradigms indicated that prior response learning interferes with place learning. Blocking and related tests can be used to better understand how memory systems interact during learning. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824-3567, USA. bgibson@cisunix.unh.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0735-7044 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15839803 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial  |
362 | ||
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| Author | Skov-Rackette, S.I.; Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
| Title | What do rats learn about the geometry of object arrays? Tests with exploratory behavior | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 142-154 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Discrimination Learning; *Exploratory Behavior; Female; *Form Perception; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans | ||||
| Abstract | Six experiments using habituation of exploratory behavior tested whether disoriented rats foraging in a large arena encode the shapes of arrays of objects. Rats did not respond to changes in position of a single object, but they responded to a change in object color and to a change in position of 1 object in a square array, as in previous research (e.g., C. Thinus-Blanc et al., 1987). Rats also responded to an expansion of a square array, suggesting that they encoded sets of interobject distances rather than overall shape. In Experiments 4-6, rats did not respond to changes in sense of a triangular array that maintained interobject distances and angles. Shapes of object arrays are encoded differently from shapes of enclosures. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. shannon.skov.rackette@utoronto.ca | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15839772 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial |
363 | ||
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| Author | Shettleworth, S.J.; Sutton, J.E. | ||||
| Title | Multiple systems for spatial learning: dead reckoning and beacon homing in rats | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 125-141 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cues; *Feeding Behavior; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; *Homing Behavior; *Learning; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; *Space Perception | ||||
| Abstract | Rats homed with food in a large lighted arena. Without visual cues, they used dead reckoning. When a beacon indicated the home, rats could also use the beacon. Homing did not differ in 2 groups of rats, 1 provided with the beacon and 1 without it; tests without the beacon gave no evidence that beacon learning overshadowed dead reckoning (Experiment 1). When the beacon was at the home for 1 group and in random locations for another, there was again no evidence of cue competition (Experiment 2). Dead reckoning experience did not block acquisition of beacon homing (Experiment 3). Beacon learning and dead reckoning do not compete for predictive value but acquire information in parallel and are used hierarchically. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. shettle@psych.utoronto.ca | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15839771 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial |
364 | ||
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| Author | Earley, R.L.; Druen, M.; Alan Dugatkin, L. | ||||
| Title | Watching fights does not alter a bystander's response towards naive conspecifics in male green swordtail fish, Xiphophorus helleri | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 69 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1139-1145 |
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| Abstract | Bystanders are capable of extracting cues from signalling interactions between others and appear to use information gained via eavesdropping when confronted with the watched individuals. A question that has gained little attention is whether observing fights affects bystander behaviour outside the context of interacting with the watched individuals. Our aim was to determine whether watching fights elicits general changes in bystander aggression levels in Xiphophorus helleri. We manipulated the bystanders' ability to witness encounters using clear, one-way-mirror and opaque partitions. After watching (or not watching) an initial contest, the bystanders were pitted against naive conspecifics instead of the animals they had seen fight. Observing fights did not alter the bystanders' propensity to initiate aggression, escalate, or win against naive individuals, indicating that bystanders do not experience general changes in aggressive behaviour after watching a fight. Earlier work in this species, however, has shown that bystanders respond in predictable ways to individuals they have witnessed winning or losing a fight. Taken together, these data support the notion that bystanders consistently modify their behaviour towards previously watched winners or losers in response to information gained via eavesdropping. We discuss our results in light of some recent work on the behavioural and endocrinological responses triggered by watching fights and suggest that comparative approaches to understanding networking phenomena may be productive. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial |
394 | ||
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| Author | Judge, P.G.; Mullen, S.H. | ||||
| Title | Quadratic postconflict affiliation among bystanders in a hamadryas baboon group | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 69 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1345-1355 |
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| Abstract | The tendency in primate groups for two opponents to affiliate shortly after a fight has been described as dyadic reconciliation. The response has been shown to restore disrupted relationships and curtail ongoing aggression. Rates of self-directed behaviour (e.g. scratching) are positively correlated with anxiety in primates and the rates decline after reconciliation, indicating that the response also functions to reduce postconflict tension. Third parties not involved in an aggressive interaction are also likely to affiliate with one of the combatants subsequent to a fight. Such `triadic' interactions may also promote conflict resolution when, for instance, the relatives of a victim affiliate with their relative's aggressor. Because aggression in a group influences a bystander's behaviour with combatants, we hypothesized that aggression between two animals would also influence a bystander's behaviour with other bystanders. Such `quadratic' postconflict interactions might also function to reduce postconflict tension or occur in patterns among kin subgroups to resolve conflict. We tested for quadratic interactions in an 18-member group of captive hamadryas baboons, Papio hamadryas hamadryas. Immediately following a fight, an uninvolved bystander was randomly selected for observation and its affiliative interactions with other bystanders and its displacement activities were recorded for 3 min. Rates of behaviour during these postconflict periods were compared to rates during 3-min baseline periods not preceded by aggression. Bystanders engaged in quadratic interactions by increasing affiliation with other bystanders following aggression. Bystanders directed affiliation to nonkin bystanders that were their preferred social partners. Displacement activities of bystanders were significantly higher during postconflict intervals compared to baseline intervals, and bystander displacement activity levels before affiliative contact with other bystanders were significantly higher than after contact. Apparently, bystanders become tense or anxious after witnessing aggression and affiliate with preferred partners to reduce the arousal. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial |
402 | ||
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| Author | Huebener, E. | ||||
| Title | Der Natur abgelauschte Erkenntnisse: Der Weg zum Balancesitz und zum Begreifen des Timers für Signale an das Pferd; | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Tierärztliche Umschau | Abbreviated Journal | Tierärztl. Umschau |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 90-99 | |
| Keywords | Bewegungen des Pferdes – Fundament des Reiter-Sitzes – Timer für Signale an das Pferd – Reflexe – Kommunikation – Forschungsbedarf | ||||
| Abstract | Zusammenfassung Mit dem Beitrag “Die Bewegungen von Pferderumpf und -rücken aus der Sicht des Reiters” (TU 59, 327-334, 2004) wurde um universitäre Forschung zur Ermittlung gemessener Werte für diese Begleiter der Fortbewegung geworben. Die Entdeckung des Ranges der Rumpf-Rücken-Bewegungen für pferdgerechtes und kultiviertes, feinfühliges Reiten ist mit der Entwicklung des Balancesitzes und der Technik des vom Pferd Zeitvorgaben Empfangens und ihm Signale Sendens (Reiter sagen: des Fühlens und Einwirkens) eng verbunden. Ihre Geschichte läßt sich über viereinhalb Jahrhunderte verfolgen. Ein kurzer Abriß wird hier nachgeliefert. Er mündet erneut in ein Plädoyer für interdisziplinäres universitäres Forschen, weil auch bei Sitz und Hilfengebung, weiteren Grundlagen des Reitens – im Interesse effektiveren Unterrichts an der Basis unseres “Sports” – dringender Klärungsbedarf besteht. |
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| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial |
421 | ||
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| Author | Huebener, E. | ||||
| Title | Das Sitzrätsel lösen (Arbeitstitel: So kann der Reiter wirklich “sitzen”!); | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Mecklenburger Pferde Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Mecl. Pf.erde J. |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 50-51 | |
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| Abstract | Zusammenfassung Die Bewegungen des Pferderückens und des Pferderumpfes sind aus den Fußfolgen der Grundgangarten ableitbar. Damit gewinnt Sitzschulung ein solides Fundament. Die entscheidenden Merkmale dieser Bewegungen sind hier erläutert. Einige überwiegend altbekannte Grundlagen der Sitzschulung werden bewertet. Was sich aus neueren Erkenntnissen zu den Bewegungen des Pferderückens und des Pferderumpfes für den Sitz des Reiters ergibt, ist in drei Punkten leichtverständlich erklärt. Prinzipdarstellungen unterstützten dies. |
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| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial |
422 | ||
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| Author | Huebener, E. | ||||
| Title | Hilfen für Übergänge von einer Gangart in eine andere ? Die Bewegungen von Pferderumpf und -rücken als Zeitgeber für reiterliche Einwirkung | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Trakehner Hefte | Abbreviated Journal | Trakehner Hefte, |
| Volume | 5-11 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Abstract | Übergänge von einer Gangart in eine andere sind nach Ludwig Koch jeweils nur aus einer ganz bestimmten Phase einer Bewegungsfolge (oder Bewegungsfolgen-Hälfte) der einen in eine ganz bestimmte Bewegungsfolge (oder Bewegungsfolgen-Hälfte) der anderen Gangart möglich. Diese Phasen dauern nur Bruchteile einer Sekunde an. In diesen Momenten muß die Hilfe nach europäischer klassischer Lehre gegeben, nur in diesen Momenten kann sie vom Pferd blitzartig-automatisch umgesetzt werden. Um die Hilfe im “passenden” Moment geben zu können, braucht der Reiter einen Zeitgeber. Den einzigen verfügbaren, zuverlässigen Timer bilden die Bewegungen des Pferderückens und des Pferderumpfes. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Bewegungsphasen in den Grundgangarten, dem mit frei beweglichem Beckenring allen Bewegungen des Pferderückens folgendem Sitz des Reiters, und dem Schenkel, der von Schritt zu Schritt, von Tritt zu Tritt, von Galoppsprung zu Galoppsprung an den wegschwingenden Pferderumpf fallen möchte bis er das im rechten Augenblick – vom Reiter gesteuert – dann auch darf, sind erstmals in piktogrammartigen Miniaturbild-Folgen leicht verständlich dargestellt. |
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| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial |
426 | ||
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| Author | Huebener, E. | ||||
| Title | Rider's Aids for Transitions Between Different Gaits ? The Movements of the Horse's Trunk and Back as Timers for the Rider's Influence | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Trakehner Hefte | Abbreviated Journal | Trakehner Hefte |
| Volume | 5-11 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Abstract | Abstract According to Ludwig Koch, the horse's transition from one gait to another is only possible during a particular phase in its' movement cycle (respectively in a half of it's movement cycle) in one gait to a particular phase in its' movement cycle (respectively in a half of it's movement cycle) in the other gait. It only takes a fraction of a second for these movements to occur. It is precisely in these moments that according to the European classical riding school principles the rider has to give the appropriate aids, because only then the horse can execute them in a flash. In order to give the aids in the “fitting” moment, the rider needs a timer. The only available and reliable indicators of the right timing are the movements of the horse's trunk and back. The connections between the different phases of the movements during the basic gaits, the rider's seat which follows all the movements of the horse's back with a freely rotating pelvis, and the rider's leg which – from step to step, from footfall to footfall, from canter beat to canter beat – wants to follow the horse's swinging trunk (until it is finally – controlled by the rider – free to do so, at the right moment), are being shown for the first time in easy to follow miniature picture sequences. |
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| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
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427 | ||
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| Author | Huebener, E. | ||||
| Title | Solving the Riddle of the Rider's Seat (Working title: Making the Rider Really “Sit”) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Mecklenburger Pferde Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Mecl. Pferde J. |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Abstract | The movements of the horse's back and trunk can be deducted from the foot sequences of the horse's basic paces. This knowledge builds a solid foundation in the schooling of the rider's seat. The decisive aspects of these movements are described here. Some basics (mostly well-known) in the schooling of the rider's seat are graded here. More recent findings from observing the horse's back and trunk movements and their consequence for the rider's seat can easily be explained in three points. These points will be enhanced by graphic explanations of the principle as a whole |
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| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial |
435 | ||
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