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	Author	da Costa, A.P.; Leigh, A.E.; Man, M.-S.; Kendrick, K.M.
	Title	Face pictures reduce behavioural, autonomic, endocrine and neural indices of stress and fear in sheep			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.
	Volume	271	Issue	1552	Pages	2077-2084
	Keywords
	Abstract	Faces are highly emotive stimuli and we find smiling or familiar faces both attractive and comforting, even as young babies. Do other species with sophisticated face recognition skills, such as sheep, also respond to the emotional significance of familiar faces? We report that when sheep experience social isolation, the sight of familiar sheep face pictures compared with those of goats or inverted triangles significantly reduces behavioural (activity and protest vocalizations), autonomic (heart rate) and endocrine (cortisol and adrenaline) indices of stress. They also increase mRNA expression of activity–dependent genes (c–fos and zif/268) in brain regions specialized for processing faces (temporal and medial frontal cortices and basolateral amygdala) and for emotional control (orbitofrontal and cingulate cortex), and reduce their expression in regions associated with stress responses (hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus) and fear (central and lateral amygdala). Effects on face recognition, emotional control and fear centres are restricted to the right brain hemisphere. Results provide evidence that face pictures may be useful for relieving stress caused by unavoidable social isolation in sheep, and possibly other animal species, including humans. The finding that sheep, like humans, appear to have a right brain hemisphere involvement in the control of negative emotional experiences also suggests that functional lateralization of brain emotion systems may be a general feature in mammals.
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	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5354
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	Author	Ghirlanda, S.; Vallortigara, G.
	Title	The evolution of brain lateralization: a game-theoretical analysis of population structure			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	271	Issue	1541	Pages	853-857
	Keywords
	Abstract	In recent years, it has become apparent that behavioural and brain lateralization at the population level is the rule rather than the exception among vertebrates. The study of these phenomena has so far been the province of neurology and neuropsychology. Here, we show how such research can be integrated with evolutionary biology to understand lateralization more fully. In particular, we address the fact that, within a species, left– and right–type individuals often occur in proportions different from one–half (e.g. hand use in humans). The traditional explanations offered for lateralization of brain function (that it may avoid unnecessary duplication of neural circuitry and reduce interference between functions) cannot account for this fact, because increased individual efficiency is unrelated to the alignment of lateralization at the population level. A further puzzle is that such an alignment may even be disadvantageous, as it makes individual behaviour more predictable to other organisms. Here, we show that alignment of the direction of behavioural asymmetries in a population can arise as an evolutionarily stable strategy when individual asymmetrical organisms must coordinate their behaviour with that of other asymmetrical organisms. Brain and behavioural lateralization, as we know it in humans and other vertebrates, may have evolved under basically ‘social’ selection pressures.
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	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5345
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	Author	Pongrácz, P; Miklósi, Á; Timár-Geng, K; Csányi, V.
	Title	*Verbal Attention Getting as a Key Factor in Social Learning Between Dog (Canis familiaris) and Human.*			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Journal of Comparative Psychology	Abbreviated Journal	J. Comp. Psychol.
	Volume	118	Issue	4	Pages	375-383.
	Keywords
	Abstract	Pet dogs (Canis familiaris) learn to detour a V-shaped fence effectively from an unfamiliar human demonstrator. In this article, 4 main features of the demonstrator's behavior are highlighted: (a) the manipulation of the target, (b) the familiarity of the demonstrator, (c) the role of verbal attention-getting behavior, and (d) whether a strange trained dog could also be an effective demonstrator. The results show that the main factor of a successful human demonstration is the continuous verbal communication with the dog during detouring. It was also found that an unfamiliar dog demonstrator was as efficient as the unfamiliar experimenter. The experiments provide evidence that in adult dogs, communicative context with humans is needed for effective interspecific social learning to take place. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
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	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5218
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	Author	Deingruber, K.
	Title	Auswirkungen von Schallbelastungen durch Freizeitlärm auf das Hörvermögen – experimentelle Untersuchungen am Meerschweinchen			Type	Manuscript
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
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	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München	Place of Publication		Editor
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	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ ediss1932			Serial	5632
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	Author	Nakagawa, S.; Waas, J.R.
	Title	'O sibling, where art thou?' – A review of avian sibling recognition with respect to the mammalian literature			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	79	Issue	1	Pages	101-119
	Keywords	Birds; Direct familiarisation; Indirect familiarisation; Individual recognition; Kin discrimination; Kin recognition; Mammals; Sibling recognition
	Abstract	Avian literature on sibling recognition is rare compared to that developed by mammalian researchers. We compare avian and mammalian research on sibling recognition to identify why avian work is rare, how approaches differ and what avian and mammalian researchers can learn from each other. Three factors: (1) biological differences between birds and mammals, (2) conceptual biases and (3) practical constraints, appear to influence our current understanding. Avian research focuses on colonial species because sibling recognition is considered adaptive where 'mixing potential' of dependent young is high; research on a wider range of species, breeding systems and ecological conditions is now needed. Studies of acoustic recognition cues dominate avian literature; other types of cues (e.g. visual, olfactory) deserve further attention. The effect of gender on avian sibling recognition has yet to be investigated; mammalian work shows that gender can have important influences. Most importantly, many researchers assume that birds recognise siblings through 'direct familiarisation' (commonly known as associative learning or familiarity); future experiments should also incorporate tests for 'indirect familiarisation' (commonly known as phenotype matching). If direct familiarisation proves crucial, avian research should investigate how periods of separation influence sibling discrimination. Mammalian researchers typically interpret sibling recognition in broad functional terms (nepotism, optimal outbreeding); some avian researchers more successfully identify specific and testable adaptive explanations, with greater relevance to natural contexts. We end by reporting exciting discoveries from recent studies of avian sibling recognition that inspire further interest in this topic.
	Address	Department of Biological Sciences, University Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
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	Notes	Cited By (since 1996): 9; Export Date: 23 October 2008; Source: Scopus			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4567
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	Author	Verguts, T.; Fias, W.
	Title	Representation of Number in Animals and Humans: A Neural Model			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	J. Cogn. Neurosci.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	16	Issue	9	Pages	1493-1504
	Keywords
	Abstract	This article addresses the representation of numerical information conveyed by nonsymbolic and symbolic stimuli. In a first simulation study, we show how number-selective neurons develop when an initially uncommitted neural network is given nonsymbolic stimuli as input (e.g., collections of dots) under unsupervised learning. The resultant network is able to account for the distance and size effects, two ubiquitous effects in numerical cognition. Furthermore, the properties of the network units conform in detail to the characteristics of recently discovered number-selective neurons. In a second study, we simulate symbol learning by presenting symbolic and nonsymbolic input simultaneously. The same number-selective neurons learn to represent the numerical meaning of symbols. In doing so, they show properties reminiscent of the originally available number-selective neurons, but at the same time, the representational efficiency of the neurons is increased when presented with symbolic input. This finding presents a concrete proposal on the linkage between higher order numerical cognition and more primitive numerical abilities and generates specific predictions on the neural substrate of number processing. N1 -
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	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2954
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	Author	Birke, L.; Bryld, M.; Lykke, N.
	Title	Animal Performances: An Exploration of Intersections between Feminist Science Studies and Studies of Human/Animal Relationships			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Feminist Theory	Abbreviated Journal	Fem Theor
	Volume	5	Issue	2	Pages	167-183
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	Abstract	Feminist science studies have given scant regard to non-human animals. In this paper, we argue that it is important for feminist theory to address the complex relationships between humans and other animals, and the implications of these for feminism. We use the notion of performativity, particularly as it has been developed by Karen Barad, to explore the intersections of feminism and studies of the human/animal relationship. Performativity, we argue, helps to challenge the persistent dichotomy between human/culture and animals/nature. It emphasizes, moreover, how animality is a doing or becoming, not an essence; so, performativity allows us to think about the complexity of human/animal interrelating as a kind of choreography, a co-creation of behaviour. We illustrate the discussion using the example of the laboratory rat, who can be thought of both in terms of a materialization of specific scientific practices and as active participants in the creation of their own meaning, alongside the human participants in science. There are three, intertwined, senses in which we might think about performativity – that of animality, of humannness, and of the relationship between the two. Bringing animals into discussions about performativity poses questions for both feminist theory and for the study of human/animal relationships, we argue: both human and animal can conjointly be engaged in reconfiguring the world, and our theorizing must reflect that complexity. We are all matter, and we all matter.
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	Notes	10.1177/1464700104045406			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3594
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	Author	Stull, C.L.; Spier, S.J.; Aldridge, B.M.; Blanchard, M.; Stott, J.L.
	Title	Immunological response to long-term transport stress in mature horses and effects of adaptogenic dietary supplementation as an immunomodulator			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Equine Veterinary Journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	36	Issue	7	Pages	583-589
	Keywords	horse; transportation; Cd+; lymphocytes; stress; cortisol; adaptogens
	Abstract	Reasons for performing study: Little information exists on the immunological effects of transport or the use of supplements to minimise transport stress. Objectives: To establish baseline ranges and evaluate immunophenotypic and functional changes associated with transport and a nutritional ‘adaptogen’ supplement. Methods: Horses received either supplement (n = 10) or placebos (n = 9) during the 30 day study. After 28 days in stalls, 12 horses (6 supplement; 6 placebo) were transported for 24 h, then unloaded and recovered. Venous blood samples were collected on Days 1, 14 and 28 to establish baselines, and on Days 28, 29 and 30 to examine changes during transport and recovery. Results: Transport prompted elevations (P<0.05) in cortisol concentration, neutrophil count and white blood cell counts, while lymphocyte subpopulation counts (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD21+) decreased (P<0.05). Normal phenotypic lymphocyte profiles returned within 24 h of recovery. Supplement effects on immunophenotype (CD21+ and CD8+) were observed in stabled horses (P<0.05), but not in transported horses. Conclusions: These results provide insights into the immunological mechanisms associated with long-term transport. Potential relevance: The existence of a small window of immunological uncertainty follows long-term transportation, enhancing the potential risk of infectious disease in susceptible individuals.
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	Publisher	Blackwell Publishing Ltd	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2042-3306	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5845
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	Author	Baldi, R.; Pelliza-Sbriller, A.; Elston, D.; Albon, S.
	Title	High Potential For Competition Between Guanacos And Sheep In Patagonia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Journal of Wildlife Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	68	Issue	4	Pages	924-938
	Keywords
	Abstract	Guanacos (Lama guanicoe) are the largest native Artiodactyl in South America and the most widely distributed. In arid Patagonia, densities are low and negatively related to domestic sheep numbers in space and time consistent with interspecific competition theory. Although guanacos and domestic sheep have been described as intermediate feeders sharing food resources, no studies have been conducted to compare their diets in sympatric conditions and explore whether the potential exists for direct interspecific competition. We assessed the diet of both species across 9 different sites and 2 seasons by microhistological analysis of fecal samples. We found that (1) guanacos and sheep are generalist herbivores feeding on a wide range of plant species; (2) both are intermediate feeders able to include both monocotyledoneous and dicotyledoneous plants in their diet; (3) both are able to change their diets seasonally; and (4) food niche overlap is high, particularly in summer when food resources are more scarce than in spring. We conclude that the potential for competition between guanacos and sheep is high and could have played a major role in the demise of guanacos. Consequently, current management practices focused on maximizing sheep numbers are not compatible with the recovery of guanaco populations.
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	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4253
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	Author	Eriksson, E.; Royo, F.; Lyberg, K.; Carlsson, H.-E.; Hau, J.
	Title	Effect of metabolic cage housing on immunoglobulin A and corticosterone excretion in faeces and urine of young male rats			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Experimental Physiology	Abbreviated Journal	Exp. Physiol.
	Volume	89	Issue	4	Pages	427-433
	Keywords
	Abstract	Six 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were studied for 9 days divided into three periods of 3 days each: before transferral to metabolism cages, during metabolic cage housing and after return to their home cages. Faeces were collected daily when the animals were housed in their home cages and every 6 h when the animals were housed in metabolic cages during which time urine was also collected every 6 h. The rate of weight gain was slightly reduced during the 3 days in metabolic cages and the animals produced significantly larger amounts of faeces when housed in metabolic cages than when housed in their home cages. The total faecal excretion of corticosterone (nanograms excreted per hour per kilogram body weight) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) (milligrams excreted per hour per kg body weight) quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) exhibited a clear diurnal rhythm in the metabolic cage. Urinary excretions of corticosterone and IgA also followed a clear diurnal cycle. The mean daily amounts of corticosterone excreted were not significantly affected by cage change and by housing in metabolic cages. However, the excretion of faecal IgA was significantly reduced during the 3 days after the period in metabolic cages. Taken together the results indicate that metabolic cage housing is mildly stressful for young adult male rats.
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	Publisher	Blackwell Science Ltd	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1469-445x	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5850
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