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Author | Newman, M.E.J. | ||||
Title | The Structure and Function of Complex Networks | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | SIAM Review | Abbreviated Journal | SIAM Rev. |
Volume | 45 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 167-256 |
Keywords | networks; graph theory; complex systems; computer networks; social networks; random graphs; percolation theory | ||||
Abstract | Inspired by empirical studies of networked systems such as the Internet, social networks, and biological networks, researchers have in recent years developed a variety of techniques and models to help us understand or predict the behavior of these systems. Here we review developments in this field, including such concepts as the small-world effect, degree distributions, clustering, network correlations, random graph models, models of network growth and preferential attachment, and dynamical processes taking place on networks. | ||||
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Publisher | Siam | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5214 | ||
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Author | Kubinyi, E.; Topál, J.; Miklósi, Á.; Csányi, V. | ||||
Title | Dogs (Canis familiaris) learn their owners via observation in a manipulation task. | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Comp. Psychol. |
Volume | 117 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 156-165 |
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Abstract | Eighty-seven pet dogs (Canis familiaris) were involved in an experiment in which they had to solve a task to obtain a ball. After witnessing a full demonstration by their owner (10 times pushing the handle of the box, which released a ball), most dogs preferred to touch the handle sooner and more frequently in comparison with other parts of the box, and they used the handle to get the ball. In contrast dogs in 3 control groups developed their own respective methods. The lack of emergence of the ball and playing after the demonstration did not affect the learning performance strongly. This suggests that in dogs the outcome of a demonstration plays only a restricted role in the manifestation of social learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5210 | ||
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Author | van Duijn, M. A.J. | ||||
Title | Software for Social Network Analysis | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Abstract | This chapter gives a state-of-the art overview of available (free and commercial) software for social network analysis as of fall 2003. It reviews and compares six programs, illustrating their functionality with example data. Data manipulation options and available support are also discussed. Furthermore, seventeen other, of which nine special-purpose, software packages and ve software routine packages for general statistical software are reviewed brie y. The chapter concludes with some recommendations. |
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Publisher | Heymans Institute/DPMG | Place of Publication | University of Groningen | Editor | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5205 | ||
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Author | Aberle, K. S. | ||||
Title | Untersuchung der Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse, Inzucht und genetischen Distanzen bei den deutschen Kaltblutpferderassen | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Hannover | Editor | ||
Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5185 | ||
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Author | Silk, J.B.; Alberts, S.C.; Altmann, J. | ||||
Title | Social Bonds of Female Baboons Enhance Infant Survival | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Science | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
Volume | 302 | Issue | 5648 | Pages | 1231-1234 |
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Abstract | Among nonhuman primates, females often form strong bonds with kin and other group members. These relationships are thought to have adaptive value for females, but direct effects of sociality on fitness have never been demonstrated. We present 16 years of behavioral data from a well-studied population of wild baboons, which demonstrate that sociality of adult females is positively associated with infant survival, an important component of variation in female lifetime fitness. The effects of sociality on infant survival are independent of the effects of dominance rank, group membership, and environmental conditions. Our results are consistent with the evidence that social support has beneficial effects on human health and well-being across the life span. For humans and other primates, sociality has adaptive value. | ||||
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Notes | 10.1126/science.1088580 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5151 | ||
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Author | Waeber P.O.; Hemelrijk C.K. | ||||
Title | Female Dominance and Social Structure in Alaotran Gentle Lemurs | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
Volume | 140 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1235-1246 |
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Abstract | Abstract: Lemur social systems have the striking social feature, that adult females consistently evoke submissive behaviour of adult males. In the Alaotran gentle lemur, Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis, however, female dominance has not been studied yet. Here we confirm female dominance over males on the basis of a 5-month field study of the social behaviour of four groups, in the Lake Alaotra marshland of eastern Madagascar. Further, we found that dominant individuals initiated aggressive interactions significantly more often than lowerranking ones, they initiated group movements more often and higher-ranking individuals were groomed more often. The spatial configuration was remarkable, since individuals were closer in space to those more distant in rank. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5148 | ||
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Author | Couzin, I.D.; Krause, J. | ||||
Title | Self-Organization and Collective Behavior in Vertebrates | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Advances in the Study of Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 32 | Issue | Pages | 1-75 | |
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Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | Editor | Peter J. B. Slater, J.S.R., Charles T. Snowdon and Timothy J. Roper | |
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ISSN | ISBN | 0065-3454 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5144 | ||
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Author | Camazine, S.; Deneubourg, J.L.; Franks, N.R.; Sneyd, J.; Theraula, G.; Bonabeau, E. | ||||
Title | Self-Organization in Biological Systems | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Publisher | Princeton University Press | Place of Publication | Princeton | Editor | |
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-0691116242 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5143 | ||
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Author | Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A. | ||||
Title | Spontaneous emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
Volume | 423 | Issue | 6938 | Pages | 432-434 |
Keywords | Animals; *Energy Metabolism; Food; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity; *Social Behavior; Time Factors | ||||
Abstract | Animals that forage socially often stand to gain from coordination of their behaviour. Yet it is not known how group members reach a consensus on the timing of foraging bouts. Here we demonstrate a simple process by which this may occur. We develop a state-dependent, dynamic game model of foraging by a pair of animals, in which each individual chooses between resting or foraging during a series of consecutive periods, so as to maximize its own individual chances of survival. We find that, if there is an advantage to foraging together, the equilibrium behaviour of both individuals becomes highly synchronized. As a result of this synchronization, differences in the energetic reserves of the two players spontaneously develop, leading them to adopt different behavioural roles. The individual with lower reserves emerges as the 'pace-maker' who determines when the pair should forage, providing a straightforward resolution to the problem of group coordination. Moreover, the strategy that gives rise to this behaviour can be implemented by a simple 'rule of thumb' that requires no detailed knowledge of the state of other individuals. | ||||
Address | Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. s.rands@zoo.cam.ac.uk | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:12761547 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5138 | ||
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Author | Conradt, L.; Roper, T.J. | ||||
Title | Group decision-making in animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
Volume | 421 | Issue | 6919 | Pages | 155-158 |
Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Decision Making; Democracy; Group Processes; *Models, Biological; Population Density; Social Behavior | ||||
Abstract | Groups of animals often need to make communal decisions, for example about which activities to perform, when to perform them and which direction to travel in; however, little is known about how they do so. Here, we model the fitness consequences of two possible decision-making mechanisms: 'despotism' and 'democracy'. We show that under most conditions, the costs to subordinate group members, and to the group as a whole, are considerably higher for despotic than for democratic decisions. Even when the despot is the most experienced group member, it only pays other members to accept its decision when group size is small and the difference in information is large. Democratic decisions are more beneficial primarily because they tend to produce less extreme decisions, rather than because each individual has an influence on the decision per se. Our model suggests that democracy should be widespread and makes quantitative, testable predictions about group decision-making in non-humans. | ||||
Address | School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK. l.conradt@sussex.ac.uk | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:12520299 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5136 | ||
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