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Author Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A.
Title Spontaneous emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 423 Issue 6938 Pages 432-434
Keywords Animals; *Energy Metabolism; Food; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity; *Social Behavior; Time Factors
Abstract Animals that forage socially often stand to gain from coordination of their behaviour. Yet it is not known how group members reach a consensus on the timing of foraging bouts. Here we demonstrate a simple process by which this may occur. We develop a state-dependent, dynamic game model of foraging by a pair of animals, in which each individual chooses between resting or foraging during a series of consecutive periods, so as to maximize its own individual chances of survival. We find that, if there is an advantage to foraging together, the equilibrium behaviour of both individuals becomes highly synchronized. As a result of this synchronization, differences in the energetic reserves of the two players spontaneously develop, leading them to adopt different behavioural roles. The individual with lower reserves emerges as the 'pace-maker' who determines when the pair should forage, providing a straightforward resolution to the problem of group coordination. Moreover, the strategy that gives rise to this behaviour can be implemented by a simple 'rule of thumb' that requires no detailed knowledge of the state of other individuals.
Address Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. s.rands@zoo.cam.ac.uk
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title (up)
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:12761547 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5138
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Author Camazine, S.; Deneubourg, J.L.; Franks, N.R.; Sneyd, J.; Theraula, G.; Bonabeau, E.
Title Self-Organization in Biological Systems Type Book Whole
Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Princeton University Press Place of Publication Princeton Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title (up)
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-0691116242 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5143
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Author Couzin, I.D.; Krause, J.
Title Self-Organization and Collective Behavior in Vertebrates Type Book Chapter
Year 2003 Publication Advances in the Study of Behavior Abbreviated Journal
Volume 32 Issue Pages 1-75
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Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication Editor Peter J. B. Slater, J.S.R., Charles T. Snowdon and Timothy J. Roper
Language Summary Language Original Title (up)
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 0065-3454 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5144
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Author Waeber P.O.; Hemelrijk C.K.
Title Female Dominance and Social Structure in Alaotran Gentle Lemurs Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour
Volume 140 Issue 10 Pages 1235-1246
Keywords
Abstract Abstract:

Lemur social systems have the striking social feature, that adult females consistently evoke submissive behaviour of adult males. In the Alaotran gentle lemur, Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis, however, female dominance has not been studied yet. Here we confirm female dominance over males on the basis of a 5-month field study of the social behaviour of four groups, in the Lake Alaotra marshland of eastern Madagascar. Further, we found that dominant individuals initiated aggressive interactions significantly more often than lowerranking ones, they initiated group movements more often and higher-ranking individuals were groomed more often. The spatial configuration was remarkable, since individuals were closer in space to those more distant in rank.
Address
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5148
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Author Silk, J.B.; Alberts, S.C.; Altmann, J.
Title Social Bonds of Female Baboons Enhance Infant Survival Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 302 Issue 5648 Pages 1231-1234
Keywords
Abstract Among nonhuman primates, females often form strong bonds with kin and other group members. These relationships are thought to have adaptive value for females, but direct effects of sociality on fitness have never been demonstrated. We present 16 years of behavioral data from a well-studied population of wild baboons, which demonstrate that sociality of adult females is positively associated with infant survival, an important component of variation in female lifetime fitness. The effects of sociality on infant survival are independent of the effects of dominance rank, group membership, and environmental conditions. Our results are consistent with the evidence that social support has beneficial effects on human health and well-being across the life span. For humans and other primates, sociality has adaptive value.
Address
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title (up)
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes 10.1126/science.1088580 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5151
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Author Aberle, K. S.
Title Untersuchung der Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse, Inzucht und genetischen Distanzen bei den deutschen Kaltblutpferderassen Type Manuscript
Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Hannover Editor
Language German Summary Language Original Title (up)
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5185
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Author van Duijn, M. A.J.
Title Software for Social Network Analysis Type Manuscript
Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract This chapter gives a state-of-the art overview of available (free and commercial)

software for social network analysis as of fall 2003. It reviews and compares

six programs, illustrating their functionality with example data. Data manipulation

options and available support are also discussed. Furthermore, seventeen

other, of which nine special-purpose, software packages and ve software routine

packages for general statistical software are reviewed brie

y. The chapter

concludes with some recommendations.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Heymans Institute/DPMG Place of Publication University of Groningen Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title (up)
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5205
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Author Kubinyi, E.; Topál, J.; Miklósi, Á.; Csányi, V.
Title Dogs (Canis familiaris) learn their owners via observation in a manipulation task. Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Journal of Comparative Psychology Abbreviated Journal J. Comp. Psychol.
Volume 117 Issue 2 Pages 156-165
Keywords
Abstract Eighty-seven pet dogs (Canis familiaris) were involved in an experiment in which they had to solve a task to obtain a ball. After witnessing a full demonstration by their owner (10 times pushing the handle of the box, which released a ball), most dogs preferred to touch the handle sooner and more frequently in comparison with other parts of the box, and they used the handle to get the ball. In contrast dogs in 3 control groups developed their own respective methods. The lack of emergence of the ball and playing after the demonstration did not affect the learning performance strongly. This suggests that in dogs the outcome of a demonstration plays only a restricted role in the manifestation of social learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5210
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Author Newman, M.E.J.
Title The Structure and Function of Complex Networks Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication SIAM Review Abbreviated Journal SIAM Rev.
Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 167-256
Keywords networks; graph theory; complex systems; computer networks; social networks; random graphs; percolation theory
Abstract Inspired by empirical studies of networked systems such as the Internet, social networks, and biological networks, researchers have in recent years developed a variety of techniques and models to help us understand or predict the behavior of these systems. Here we review developments in this field, including such concepts as the small-world effect, degree distributions, clustering, network correlations, random graph models, models of network growth and preferential attachment, and dynamical processes taking place on networks.
Address
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Publisher Siam Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title (up)
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5214
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Author Newman, M.E.J.
Title Mixing patterns in networks Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics Abbreviated Journal Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys
Volume 67 Issue 2 Pt 2 Pages 026126
Keywords
Abstract We study assortative mixing in networks, the tendency for vertices in networks to be connected to other vertices that are like (or unlike) them in some way. We consider mixing according to discrete characteristics such as language or race in social networks and scalar characteristics such as age. As a special example of the latter we consider mixing according to vertex degree, i.e., according to the number of connections vertices have to other vertices: do gregarious people tend to associate with other gregarious people? We propose a number of measures of assortative mixing appropriate to the various mixing types, and apply them to a variety of real-world networks, showing that assortative mixing is a pervasive phenomenon found in many networks. We also propose several models of assortatively mixed networks, both analytic ones based on generating function methods, and numerical ones based on Monte Carlo graph generation techniques. We use these models to probe the properties of networks as their level of assortativity is varied. In the particular case of mixing by degree, we find strong variation with assortativity in the connectivity of the network and in the resilience of the network to the removal of vertices.
Address Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120, USA
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title (up)
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1539-3755 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:12636767 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5215
Permanent link to this record