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| Author | Wittig, R.M.; Boesch, C. | ||||
| Title | Food Competition and Linear Dominance Hierarchy Among Female Chimpanzees of the Ta National Park | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | International Journal of Primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Int. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 24 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 847-867 |
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| Abstract | Dominance rank in female chimpanzees correlates positively with reproductive success. Although a high rank obviously has an advantage for females, clear (linear) hierarchies in female chimpanzees have not been detected. Following the predictions of the socio-ecological model, the type of food competition should affect the dominance relationships among females. We investigated food competition and relationships among 11 adult female chimpanzees in the Ta National Park, C+ete d'Ivoire (West Africa). We detected a formal linear dominance hierarchy among the females based on greeting behaviour directed from the subordinate to the dominant female. Females faced contest competition over food, and it increased when either the food was monopolizable or the number of competitors increased. Winning contests over food, but not age, was related to the dominance rank. Affiliative relationships among the females did not help to explain the absence of greetings in some dyads. However comparison post hoc among chimpanzee study sites made differences in the dominance relationships apparent. We discuss them based on social relationships among females, contest competition and predation. The cross-site comparison indicates that the differences in female dominance hierarchies among the chimpanzee study sites are affected by food competition, predation risk and observation time. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2205 | ||
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| Author | Wittig, R.M.; Boesch, C. | ||||
| Title | “Decision-making” in conflicts of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): an extension of the Relational Model | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume | 54 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 491-504 |
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| Abstract | >We examined the “decision-making” process of aggressive interactions within a community of wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus) in the Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa). Costs and benefits were investigated for 876 dyadic aggressive interactions among 18 adults (including 4 independent adolescents) of either sex. An extended version of the Relational Model was developed to describe the dynamics of the “decision-making” process in Taï chimpanzees, which suggests that the net benefit determines the occurrence of conflicts. Both sexes fought more frequently for the resources that were most important to them, food for females and social contexts for males. Individuals used two different strategies according to their likelihood of winning the aggressive interaction, determined by the dominance relationship of the conflict partners. Dominant initiators had longer and more intense aggressive interactions, but they limited their social disadvantages by fighting non-cooperative partners. Subordinate initiators had shorter and less intense aggressive interactions, but risked more social costs, which they could reduce afterwards by reconciliation. Both strategies included a positive overall net benefit. The extended Relational Model fits the complexity of wild chimpanzee conflicts and allows for more flexibility in the “decision-making” compared to the original version. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2206 | ||
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| Author | Wittig, R.M.; Boesch, C. | ||||
| Title | The Choice of Post-conflict Interactions in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
| Volume | 140 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 1527-1559 |
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| Abstract | Some costs of conflicts remain after an aggressive interaction has been terminated. Postconflict management in social living animals can reduce those costs by means of a variety of interactions implemented after aggression (e.g.reconciliation, consolation, redirected aggression). Each post-conflict interaction (PCI) provides different advantages and disadvantages, although the functions may sometimes overlap. Individuals can therefore choose a PCI to achieve the most favourable outcome within a given conflict situation. We examined 876 dyadic aggressive interactions among 18 wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of both sexes in the Tai National Park, Céte d'Ivoire. We investigated which conflict-condition led to which type of PCI and related the choice of PCI to its advantages and disadvantages. Tai chimpanzees used reconciliation to resolve conflicts among high value partners and when approaching the former opponent was unlikely to entail further aggression. Consolation seemed to substitute for reconciliation, when were opponents low value partners or approaching the former opponent was too risky, such as when further aggression was likely. Tai chimpanzees renewed aggression after undecided conflicts and when losers were unexpected. They used redirected aggression after long conflicts, possibly because friendly PCIs were likely to fail. However, Tai chimpanzees continued with business as usual when conflicts were very short, and they avoided further interactions when the accessibility of the resource was unlimited. Tai chimpanzees appeared to follow a clear-cut evaluation process as they seemed to weigh advantages against disadvantages for the appropriate choice of PCI. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2207 | ||
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| Author | Vieuille, C.; Berger, F.; Le Pape, G.; Bellanger, D. | ||||
| Title | Sow behaviour involved in the crushing of piglets in outdoor farrowing huts--a brief report | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 80 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 109-115 |
| Keywords | Pig-maternal behaviour; Crushing; Free-ranging; Welfare | ||||
| Abstract | This study focuses on maternal activities involved in the trapping of piglets by the sow's body in outdoor farrowing systems and examine the mother-piglet context leading either to the death of piglets or to their survival. The behaviour of six Large-WhitexLandrace sows and their litters was continuously video recorded at their first and second parity, during the 40 h following parturition. Crushing mainly occurred at evening and night, during the first 12 h of farrowing and involved changes between lying, sitting and standing positions, as well as between udder and side lying. No piglet died from savaging. Nevertheless, aggressive behaviours of sows were observed, particularly in their first maternal experience. The immediate context of trapping was related to the labour of the sow and to the feeding and resting of piglets. The immediate crushing context was related to active avoidance of restless piglets while lying down, as well as sitting and standing behaviours. These results are discussed in terms of differential reactions of the sow to suckling attempts of piglets. | ||||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2235 | ||
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| Author | Sigurjónsdóttir , H.; van Dierendonck, M.C.; Snorrason, S.; Thórhallsdóttir, A.G. | ||||
| Title | Social relationships in a group of horses without a mature stallion | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
| Volume | 140 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 783-804 |
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| Abstract | 1. The social relationships in a group of Icelandic horses without a mature stallion were studied. The horses were all familiar to each other. Mutual grooming and play relationships, spatial associations, dominance-subordinate relations and the effect of kinship on these relationships were analysed.TAGSTARTBRTAGEND 2. The social structure was clearly dominated by the behaviour of the adult mares. The horses preferred to form bonds within their social class (sex/age) and they kept close proximity with their friends. The group was effectively divided into two social subgroups, adult mares as one group and adult geldings and sub-adults as another group. The sub-adults and adult geldings formed associations, which were based on mutual grooming and play, while the adult mares did not play. Differences between the sexes were evident. Males played more than the females, had more playing partners and were more popular as playmates.TAGSTARTBRTAGEND 3. Aggression rates were low. The dominance hierarchy was linear. Adult mares ranked higher than adult geldings, sub-adults and the foals. Rank was significantly correlated with age. The closer the adult mares were in rank, the more they groomed with each other. Such relationships were not found amongst the other social group.TAGSTARTBRTAGEND 4. Kinship was calculated between all pairs of animals for up to 4 or 5 generations. Allogrooming and play frequencies and proximity were all positively correlated with kinship. Adult mares, which were close in the dominance hierarchy, were on average more related than those further apart.TAGSTARTBRTAGEND 5. The social relationships in the Icelandic herd were, to some extent, different from relationships reported from unmanaged and feral horse-herds with mature stallions and bachelors. Our results suggest that adult mares groom more in groups without a stallion. Furthermore, they have more preferred partners than in natural harems and their partners are other adult mares, not their weaned offspring as seems to be the case in feral herds. The sub-adults also seem to be more socially active in the absence of stallions. Interestingly, in the Icelandic group, the adult mares showed stallion like behaviours, like mounting and protecting foals. Only by studying the behaviour and the nature of the relationships of horses in groups of different compositions, can we expect to gain a comprehensive understanding about individual social strategies and cognitive capabilities of the species. Such knowledge is valuable for management and welfare of the horse. | ||||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2363 | ||
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| Author | Singh,M.; Singh,M.; Sharma, A. K.; Krishna B. A. | ||||
| Title | Methodological considerations in measurement of dominance in primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | CURRENT SCIENCE | Abbreviated Journal | CURRENT SCIENCE |
| Volume | 84 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 709-713 |
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| Abstract | The strength of dominance hierarchy in a group of animals needs to be quantitatively measured since it influences many other aspects of social interactions. This article discusses three attempts made by previous researchers to measure the strength of hierarchy. We propose a method which attempts to rectify the lacunae in the previous attempts. Data are used from a group of Japanese macaques housed in a colony. A method to calculate strength of hierarchy has been illustrated and a procedure has been suggested to normalize the dominance scores in order to place the ranks of individuals on an interval scale. |
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| Publisher | Biopsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006, India | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2860 | ||
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| Author | Kubinyi, E.; Miklósi, Á.; Topál, J.; Csányi, V. | ||||
| Title | Social mimetic behaviour and social anticipation in dogs: preliminary results | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 57-63 |
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| Abstract | Learning contributes to the development of mutual mimicry in group mates. The aim of our study was to investigate whether dogs would initiate walking a detour if they were repeatedly exposed to the detouring behaviour of their owner. Eight dog owners were asked to modify their usual way of approaching their home at the end of their daily walks, namely, to make a short detour before the entrance. Owners performed the detour at least 180 times, over a period of 3-6 months. During the first 30 detours (trials 1-30) all dogs followed the owner on the new route. Between trials 151 and 180, four dogs started to walk the detour before the owner displayed any intention to walk in that direction in 50-93% of the cases. Further observations that were carried out on one dog showed that the initialisation of the detours manifested sooner if a second familiar person started to walk the detours. Interestingly, the dog persisted in initialising detours long after the owners stopped detouring. We describe the observed phenomenon in the framework of social anticipation that manifests when an animal learns the proper sequence of an act performed by another animal, so that it can (1) predict the action in this sequence, and (2) as a result start either a similar or a complementary action as a response. These observations suggest that the dogs' social anticipation ability contributes to behavioural synchronisation and cooperative processes between dog and owner. | ||||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3260 | ||
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| Author | Reader, S.M. | ||||
| Title | Innovation and social learning: individual variation and brain evolution | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Animal Biology (formerly Netherlands Journal of Zoology) | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Biol. Leiden. |
| Volume | 53 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 147-158 |
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| Abstract | This paper reviews behavioural, neurological and cognitive correlates of innovation at the individual, population and species level, focusing on birds and primates. Innovation, new or modified learned behaviour not previously found in the population, is the first stage in many instances of cultural transmission and may play an important role in the lives of animals with generalist or opportunistic lifestyles. Within-species, innovation is associated with low neophobia, high neophilia, and with high social learning propensities. Indices of innovatory propensities can be calculated for taxonomic groups by counting the frequency of reports of innovation in published literature. These innovation rate data provide a useful comparative measure for studies of behavioural flexibility and cognition. Innovation rate is positively correlated with the relative size of association areas in the brain, namely the hyperstriatum ventrale and neostriatum in birds, and the neocortex and striatum in primates. Innovation rate is also positively correlated with the reported variety of tool use, as well as interspecific differences in learning. Current evidence thus suggests similar patterns of cognitive evolution in primates and birds. | ||||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3395 | ||
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| Author | Bekoff,M; Allen, C; Burghardt, G. M. | ||||
| Title | The cognitive animal: Empirical and theoretical perspectives on animal cognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Computers and Mathematics with Applications | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 46 | Issue | Pages | 508-509 | |
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| Publisher | The MIT Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge, MA. | Editor | |
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3496 | ||
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| Author | Call, J. | ||||
| Title | Beyond learning fixed rules and social cues: abstraction in the social arena | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Phil. Trans. Biol. Sci. |
| Volume | 358 | Issue | 1435 | Pages | 1189-1196 |
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| Abstract | Abstraction is a central idea in many areas of physical comparative cognition such as categorization, numerical competence or problem solving. This idea, however, has rarely been applied to comparative social cognition. In this paper, I propose that the notion of abstraction can be applied to the social arena and become an important tool to investigate the social cognition and behaviour processes in animals. To make this point, I present recent evidence showing that chimpanzees know about what others can see and about what others intend. These data do not fit either low-level mechanisms based on stimulus-response associations or high-level explanations based on metarepresentational mechanisms such as false belief attribution. Instead, I argue that social abstraction, in particular the development of concepts such as seeing in others, is key to explaining the behaviour of our closest relative in a variety of situations. | ||||
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| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3524 | ||
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