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Author |
Sol, D. |
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Title |
Behavioural flexibility: a neglected issue in the ecological and evolutionary literature |
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2003 |
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Animal innovation. |
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63-82 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6532 |
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Author |
Lee, P.C. |
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Title |
Innovation as a behavioural response to environmental challenges |
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2003 |
Publication |
Animal Innovation |
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261-279 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6534 |
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Author |
Laland, K. N.; van Bergen, Y |
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Title |
Experimental studies of innovation in the guppy |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Animal Innovation |
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155-174 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Ox |
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S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6537 |
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Greenberg, R. |
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Title |
The role of neophobia and neophilia in the development of innovative behavour in birds |
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2003 |
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Animal Innovation |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6547 |
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Author |
Reader, S. M.; MacDonald, K. |
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Title |
Environmental variability and primate behavioural flexibiity |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Innovation |
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83-116 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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Reader, S. M.; Laland, K. L. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6548 |
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Author |
Young, R.J. |
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Title |
Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals |
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Year |
2003 |
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Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci |
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Environmental enrichment is a simple and effective means of improving animal welfare in any species – companion, farm, laboratory and zoo. For many years, it has been a popular area of research, and has attracted the attention and concerns of animal keepers and carers, animal industry professionals, academics, students and pet owners all over the world. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6596 |
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Author |
Haidn, B.; Berger, N |
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Title |
Arbeitszeitbedarf für die Pensionspferdehaltung in landwirt-schaftlichen Betrieben |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Tagungsband 6, Vechta 25.-27. März 2003 |
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Tagung: Bau, Technik und Umwelt in der landwirtsch |
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386 -391 |
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KTBL-Schriften |
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Münster-Hiltrup |
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KTBL |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6640 |
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Spadavecchia, C.; Arendt-Nielsen, L.; Andersen, O.K.; Spadavecchia, L.; Doherr, M.; Schatzmann, U. |
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Title |
Comparison of nociceptive withdrawal reflexes and recruitment curves between the forelimbs and hind limbs in conscious horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
American journal of veterinary research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
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64 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
700-707 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Consciousness; Female; Forelimb/*physiology; Hindlimb/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Male; Nociceptors/physiology; Pain/*physiopathology/*veterinary; Pain Threshold/physiology; Recruitment, Neurophysiological/physiology; Reflex/*physiology |
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OBJECTIVE: To compare nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (NWRs) evoked from the distal aspect of the left forelimb and hind limb in conscious standing horses and to investigate NWR recruitment for graded electrical stimulation intensities. ANIMALS: 20 adult horses. PROCEDURE: Surface electromyographic (EMG) activity evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the digital palmar (or plantar) nerve was recorded from the common digital extensor and cranial tibial muscles. Stimuli consisted of 25-millisecond train-of-5 constant current pulses. Current intensity was gradually increased until NWR threshold intensity was reached. The EMG signal was analyzed for quantification of the NWR. Behavioral responses accompanying the reflex were scored (scale, 0 to 5). The NWR recruitment curves were determined at 0.9, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 times the NWR threshold intensity. RESULTS: The NWR threshold was significantly higher for the hind limb (median value, 6.6 mA; range, 3 to 10 mA) than the forelimb (median, 3 mA; range, 1.7 to 5.5 mA). The NWR of the hind limb had a significantly longer latency (median, 122.8 milliseconds; range, 106 to 172 milliseconds), compared with the forelimb (median, 98 milliseconds; range, 86 to 137 milliseconds), and it was associated with significantly stronger behavioral reactions. Gradual increase of NWR amplitude was evident at increasing stimulation intensities and supported by the behavioral observations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We documented NWRs evoked from the forelimb and hind limb and their recruitment with stimuli of increasing intensity in horses. These results provide a basis for use of NWRs in studies on nociceptive modulation in horses. |
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Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Berne, Switzerland |
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0002-9645 |
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PMID:12828255 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
93 |
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Author |
Herholz, C.P.; Gerber, V.; Tschudi, P.; Straub, R.; Imhof, A.; Busato, A. |
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Title |
Use of volumetric capnography to identify pulmonary dysfunction in horses with and without clinically apparent recurrent airway obstruction |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
American Journal of Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
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64 |
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3 |
Pages |
338-345 |
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Keywords |
Aging; Airway Obstruction/*complications/diagnosis/*veterinary; Animals; Capnography/*methods/*veterinary; Female; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis; Horses; Lung Diseases/complications/*diagnosis/*veterinary; Male; Predictive Value of Tests |
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether volumetric capnography indices could be used to differentiate between horses without recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and horses with RAO that were in clinical remission or that had clinically apparent RAO. ANIMALS: 70 adult Swiss Warmblood horses (20 used for pleasure riding and 50 used for dressage or show jumping). PROCEDURE: Horses were allocated to 4 groups on the basis of history, clinical signs, results of endoscopy, and cytologic findings (group 1, 21 healthy horses; group 2, 22 horses with RAO that were in remission; group 3, 16 horses with mild RAO; group 4, 11 horses with exacerbated RAO). Expiratory volume and CO2 curves were recorded by use of a computerized ultrasonic spirometer. Volumetric capnograms were plotted, and derived indices were calculated. RESULTS: Dead-space volume (VD) was calculated by use of the Bohr equation (VD(Bohr)) and for physiologic VD (VD(phys)). Ratios for VD(Bohr) to expiratory tidal volume (VT) and VD(phys) to V(T) as well as an index of effective CO2 elimination were significantly different among groups of horses. Age and use of the horses also significantly affected volumetric capnography indices. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ratios of VD(Bohr) to VT and VD(phys) to VT as well as an index of effective CO2 elimination were sufficiently sensitive measures to distinguish between healthy horses and horses with RAO in remission. To optimize the ability of volumetric capnography indices to differentiate among horses in heterogeneous populations, it is important to account for effects of age and specific use of the horses. |
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Department of Equine Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, Langgasstr 124, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland |
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0002-9645 |
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PMID:12661875 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3724 |
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Author |
Dubois, F.; Giraldeau, L.-A. |
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Title |
The forager's dilemma: food sharing and food defense as risk-sensitive foraging options |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
The American Naturalist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am Nat |
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162 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
768-779 |
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Animals; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; *Environment; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; *Game Theory; *Models, Biological; Population Density; Population Dynamics |
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Although many variants of the hawk-dove game predict the frequency at which group foraging animals should compete aggressively, none of them can explain why a large number of group foraging animals share food clumps without any overt aggression. One reason for this shortcoming is that hawk-dove games typically consider only a single contest, while most group foraging situations involve opponents that interact repeatedly over discovered food clumps. The present iterated hawk-dove game predicts that in situations that are analogous to a prisoner's dilemma, animals should share the resources without aggression, provided that the number of simultaneously available food clumps is sufficiently large and the number of competitors is relatively small. However, given that the expected gain of an aggressive animal is more variable than the gain expected by nonaggressive individuals, the predicted effect of the number of food items in a clump-clump richness-depends on whether only the mean or both the mean and variability associated with payoffs are considered. More precisely, the deterministic game predicts that aggression should increase with clump richness, whereas the stochastic risk-sensitive game predicts that the frequency of encounters resulting in aggression should peak at intermediate clump richnesses or decrease with increasing clump richness if animals show sensitivity to the variance or coefficient of variation, respectively. |
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Departement des Sciences Biologiques, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Case postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada. fdubois@u-bourgogne.fr |
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0003-0147 |
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PMID:14737714 |
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2132 |
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