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Author Fleck C.; Eifler D.
Title Deformation behaviour and damage accumulation of cortical bone specimens from the equine tibia under cyclic loading Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Journal of Biomechanics Abbreviated Journal
Volume 36 Issue Pages 179-189
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 2008
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Author McKinley, S.; Young, R.J.
Title The efficacy of the model-rival method when compared with operant conditioning for training domestic dogs to perform a retrieval-selection task Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 357-365
Keywords Dogs; Learning; Operant conditioning; Model-rival; Cognition
Abstract Traditionally, dogs have been trained by operant conditioning techniques; that is, dogs make a desired behavioural response and this response is reinforced by a reward such as food. This type of training is very effective in training dogs to perform basic obedience behaviours (e.g. `stay'). However, dogs are social animals and should be predisposed to learn from social stimuli. In the present study, we used a modified version of the model-rival technique that has been extensively used in experiments investigating the cognitive ability of parrots. In this technique, social stimuli are used to create in the animal an interest in the object without the use of food or other rewards. Therefore, the animal learns the name of the object (intrinsic reward) and not that the object's name means food. In this experiment we compared the learning ability of nine pet dogs to solve the same retrieval-selection task having been previously trained using operant conditioning or model-rival techniques. The retrieval-selection task was the dogs had to correctly select the commanded object to bring to the experimenter from a group of three similar objects. The results show no difference in the speeds with which the dogs solved the test--demonstrating the efficacy of the model-rival method. This is the first time that the effectiveness of the model-rival technique has been experimentally demonstrated with dogs. Furthermore, we believe that the methodology reported in this paper has applications in dog training and in experiments into dog cognition.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2900
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Author Milgram, N.W.
Title Cognitive Experience and Its Effect on Age-Dependent Cognitive Decline in Beagle Dogs Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Neurochemical Research Abbreviated Journal
Volume 28 Issue 11 Pages 1677-1682
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Abstract Test-sophisticated beagle dogs show marked age sensitivity in a size discrimination learning task, with old and senior dogs performing significantly more poorly than young dogs. By contrast, age differences in learning were not seen in dogs naive with respect to neuropsychological test experience. These results indicate that old animals benefit less from prior cognitive experience than young animals, which is an example of an age-dependent loss in plasticity. This finding also suggests that behaviorally experienced animals are a more useful model of human cognitive aging than behaviorally naive animals. We also looked at the effect of a program of behavioral enrichment in aged dogs. One year of enrichment did not lead to significant differences, but after 2 years the behaviorally enriched group performed significantly better than the control group. The effect after 2 years indicates that a prolonged program of cognitive enrichment can serve as an effective intervention in aged dogs. These findings demonstrate that cognitive abilities in aged animals can be modified by providing behavioral experience, indicating that cognitive abilities remain moderately plastic, even in very old animals.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3151
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Author Sluyter F.; Arseneault L.; Moffitt T.E.; Veenema A.H.; de Boer S.; Koolhaas J.M.
Title Toward an Animal Model for Antisocial Behavior: Parallels Between Mice and Humans: Aggression Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Behavior Genetics Abbreviated Journal
Volume 33 Issue Pages 563-574
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3497
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Author Bekoff M.
Title Minding Animals, Minding Earth: Old Brains, New Bottlenecks Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Zygon Abbreviated Journal
Volume 38 Issue Pages 911-941
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3498
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Author Bekoff M.
Title Consciousness and Self in Animals: Some Reflections Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Zygon Abbreviated Journal
Volume 38 Issue Pages 229-245
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3500
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Author Tomasello M.; Call J.; Hare B.
Title Chimpanzees understand psychological states – the question is which ones and to what extent Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Trends in Cognitive Sciences Abbreviated Journal Trends. Cognit. Sci.
Volume 7 Issue Pages 153-156
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3501
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Author Wallin, L.; Strandberg, E.; Philipsson, J.
Title Genetic correlations between field test results of Swedish Warmblood Riding Horses as 4-year-olds and lifetime performance results in dressage and show jumping Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Livestock Production Science Abbreviated Journal
Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 61-71
Keywords Horse; Performance test; Competition results; Animal model; Heritability; Genetic correlation
Abstract The main objective of this study was to estimate genetic correlations between traits of young sport horses (4 years old) evaluated in the Swedish Riding Horse Quality Test (RHQT) and later competition results in dressage and show jumping. The data comprised 3708 Warmblood horses born between 1968 and 1982 that had participated in the RHQT as 4-year-olds and 25[punctuation space]605 horses born between 1953 and 1995 with competition records. According to the criteria between 1206 and 1879 horses were common to this two files and were available for the estimations of the genetic correlations. Competition performance traits were cumulative points and cumulative placings received during a horse's lifetime, and a log10 transformation was used to achieve a more normal distribution of the data. Genetic correlations between gait traits scored in the RHQT and competition results in dressage were favourable, in the range 0.63-0.75, and between jumping traits scored in the RHQT and results in show jumping 0.83-0.93. Estimated heritabilities for gait and jumping traits scored in the RHQT were in the range 0.09-0.27 and 0.10-0.18, respectively. Estimated heritabilities for the cumulative points and cumulative placings in dressage and show jumping were 0.17/0.16 and 0.23/0.27, respectively. Thus, the results from the RHQT have proved to be useful for early genetic evaluation and selection of both mares and stallions for sport performance traits.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3956
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Author Buechner-Maxwell, V.A.; Elvinger, F.; Thatcher, C.D.; Murray, M.J.; White, N.A.; Rooney, D.K.
Title Physiological Response of Normal Adult Horses to a Low-Residue Liquid Diet Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Abbreviated Journal
Volume 23 Issue 7 Pages 310-317
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Abstract Abstract The anorexic or dysphagic adult horse often requires nutritional support. Providing nutrients by the enteral route is the safest and most economic choice, but the dietary options available for use in horses are somewhat limited. The objective of this study was to compare the physiologic response of normal horses with a low-residue liquid or normal diet over a 10-day feeding period. Two groups of 6 normal adult horses were maintained on 1 of 2 diets for a 10-day period. Diets were formulated to meet the caloric needs of a horse maintained in a stall. The control group was fed 70% timothy hay and 30% textured concentrate for the test period, and the experimental group received the low-residue liquid diet, similar to liquid nutritional formulas designed for human use. Clinical parameters, body weight, packed cell volume, total plasma solids, blood glucose, and serum electrolytes were recorded daily for each horse during the dietary trial period. On days 1, 5, and 10 of the study, a complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, and urinalysis were performed. Horses' serum total bilirubin concentration and pattern of weight loss differed between groups. All other physical parameters, blood chemistry, complete blood count, and urinalysis results remained within the normal reference interval for the horses regardless of diet, although some statistical differences were observed. Horses returned to pasture and free-choice grass diet without complications at the end of the dietary trial period. These results demonstrate that few differences of biologic significance were observed between horses being fed low-residue diet and horses receiving a normal diet of hay and grain over a 10-day period. (Equine Vet J 2003;23:310-317)
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4229
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Author McLean, A.N.
Title Type Book Whole
Year 2003 Publication The Truth About Horses Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 48-49
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Notes Cited By (since 1996): 13; Export Date: 21 October 2008 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4531
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