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| Author | Kubinyi, E.; Miklósi, Á.; Topál, J.; Csányi, V. | ||||
| Title | Social mimetic behaviour and social anticipation in dogs: preliminary results | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 57-63 |
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| Abstract | Learning contributes to the development of mutual mimicry in group mates. The aim of our study was to investigate whether dogs would initiate walking a detour if they were repeatedly exposed to the detouring behaviour of their owner. Eight dog owners were asked to modify their usual way of approaching their home at the end of their daily walks, namely, to make a short detour before the entrance. Owners performed the detour at least 180 times, over a period of 3-6 months. During the first 30 detours (trials 1-30) all dogs followed the owner on the new route. Between trials 151 and 180, four dogs started to walk the detour before the owner displayed any intention to walk in that direction in 50-93% of the cases. Further observations that were carried out on one dog showed that the initialisation of the detours manifested sooner if a second familiar person started to walk the detours. Interestingly, the dog persisted in initialising detours long after the owners stopped detouring. We describe the observed phenomenon in the framework of social anticipation that manifests when an animal learns the proper sequence of an act performed by another animal, so that it can (1) predict the action in this sequence, and (2) as a result start either a similar or a complementary action as a response. These observations suggest that the dogs' social anticipation ability contributes to behavioural synchronisation and cooperative processes between dog and owner. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3260 | ||
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| Author | Reader, S.M. | ||||
| Title | Innovation and social learning: individual variation and brain evolution | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Animal Biology (formerly Netherlands Journal of Zoology) | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Biol. Leiden. |
| Volume | 53 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 147-158 |
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| Abstract | This paper reviews behavioural, neurological and cognitive correlates of innovation at the individual, population and species level, focusing on birds and primates. Innovation, new or modified learned behaviour not previously found in the population, is the first stage in many instances of cultural transmission and may play an important role in the lives of animals with generalist or opportunistic lifestyles. Within-species, innovation is associated with low neophobia, high neophilia, and with high social learning propensities. Indices of innovatory propensities can be calculated for taxonomic groups by counting the frequency of reports of innovation in published literature. These innovation rate data provide a useful comparative measure for studies of behavioural flexibility and cognition. Innovation rate is positively correlated with the relative size of association areas in the brain, namely the hyperstriatum ventrale and neostriatum in birds, and the neocortex and striatum in primates. Innovation rate is also positively correlated with the reported variety of tool use, as well as interspecific differences in learning. Current evidence thus suggests similar patterns of cognitive evolution in primates and birds. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3395 | ||
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| Author | Bekoff,M; Allen, C; Burghardt, G. M. | ||||
| Title | The cognitive animal: Empirical and theoretical perspectives on animal cognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Computers and Mathematics with Applications | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 46 | Issue | Pages | 508-509 | |
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| Publisher | The MIT Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge, MA. | Editor | |
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| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3496 | ||
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| Author | Call, J. | ||||
| Title | Beyond learning fixed rules and social cues: abstraction in the social arena | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Phil. Trans. Biol. Sci. |
| Volume | 358 | Issue | 1435 | Pages | 1189-1196 |
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| Abstract | Abstraction is a central idea in many areas of physical comparative cognition such as categorization, numerical competence or problem solving. This idea, however, has rarely been applied to comparative social cognition. In this paper, I propose that the notion of abstraction can be applied to the social arena and become an important tool to investigate the social cognition and behaviour processes in animals. To make this point, I present recent evidence showing that chimpanzees know about what others can see and about what others intend. These data do not fit either low-level mechanisms based on stimulus-response associations or high-level explanations based on metarepresentational mechanisms such as false belief attribution. Instead, I argue that social abstraction, in particular the development of concepts such as seeing in others, is key to explaining the behaviour of our closest relative in a variety of situations. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3524 | ||
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| Author | McCall, C.A.; Salters, M.A.; Johnson, K.B.; Silverman, S.J.; McElhenney, W.H.; Lishak, R.S. | ||||
| Title | Equine utilization of a previously learned visual stimulus to solve a novel task | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 82 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 163-172 |
| Keywords | Horse; Learned stimulus; Novel task; Discrimination | ||||
| Abstract | Forty-four horses were used to determine if a learned stimulus could be used to increase acquisition of a response unrelated to the original learned task. Horses were paired by age, breed and sex. One randomly chosen horse from each pair served as the control while the remaining horse was trained to respond to a visual stimulus by pushing a lever to obtain a food reward. In Experiment I (n=28), the food reward was delivered in a feed box located equidistant between two levers located 2.7 m apart on one wall of the test stall. Trained horses were given 30 training trials daily until they achieved at least 85% correct responses in three nonconsecutive days. After each trained horse reached criterion, both horses in the pair were tested in 30 trials daily for five consecutive days in a modified Y maze. The stimulus that indicated the correct lever in the initial training task was used to signify the correct arm of the maze for both the control and trained horses. The correct arm of the maze was changed randomly during each daily session, and correct choices resulted in a food reward. In Experiment II (n=16), levers were located on opposite walls (11 m apart) of the test stall, and the stimulus and modified Y maze were simplified. Trained horses received 15 training trials daily until they reached at least 85% correct responses on three consecutive days. As each trained horse achieved this criterion, both horses in the pair were tested in a maze for 15 trials daily for 7 days. Again, the stimulus from initial lever-pressing task was used to signify the rewarded arm of the maze. Correct choices of trained and control horses in both experiments were compared using a paired t-test. In Experiment I, no differences (P>0.34) in mean correct responses were detected between trained and control horses on the first day in the maze (15.3 and 16.8, respectively) or after 5 days in the maze (84.0 and 82.1, respectively). Similarly, in Experiment II, trained and control horses did not differ (P>0.50) in mean correct responses on the first day (6.9 and 7.4, respectively) or after 7 days in the maze (63.6 and 61.6, respectively). These results indicate that the stimuli used to solve the lever-pressing task were not utilized by horses in the maze task, and that horses may have difficulty transferring learned visual stimuli to new tasks. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3587 | ||
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| Author | Bachmann, I.; Bernasconi, P.; Herrmann, R.; Weishaupt, M.A.; Stauffacher, M. | ||||
| Title | Behavioural and physiological responses to an acute stressor in crib-biting and control horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 82 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 297-311 |
| Keywords | Horse welfare; Stereotypies; Crib-biting; Pituitary-adrenocortical axis; Sympatho-adrenomedullar axis; Stress response; Stress sensibility | ||||
| Abstract | The responses of eleven pairs of crib-biting and non-crib-biting horses (controls) to an arousal-inducing stimulus were studied. Video-observation of the horses revealed that crib-biting horses spent between 10.4 and 64.7% of their stabling time performing the stereotypy. During the first 2 days of an experimental period, the horses were conditioned to receive food from a special bucket. On the third day the food bucket was presented, but the horses were not allowed to feed. Arousal behaviour and crib-biting intensity as well as plasma cortisol concentration, heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded at rest, and during and after presentation of the food stimulus. The stimulus induced a significant increase of HR and arousal behaviour in crib-biters and in controls, whereas the crib-biting frequency decreased. Power spectral analysis of the HRV revealed significant differences between crib-biters and controls at rest: crib-biters had a lower vagal tone (high frequency component, HF) and a higher sympathetic tone (low frequency component, LF) than controls. The lower basal parasympathetic activity might be an indication why crib-biting horses, in contrast to the controls, showed neither a significant decrease of the HF component during presentation of the food stimulus nor an increase of the HF component after presentation. Thus, there might be differences in the tuning of the autonomous nervous system and of the stress reactivity in crib-biting and in control horses. The results suggest that the crib-biting horses are more stress sensitive and physiologically and psychologically less flexible than the control horses. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3614 | ||
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| Author | Sighieri, C.; Tedeschi, D.; De Andreis, C.; Petri, L.; Baragli, P. | ||||
| Title | Behaviour patterns of horses can be used to establish a dominantsubordinate relationship between man and horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Animal Welfare | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | Pages | 705-708 | |
| Keywords | ANIMAL WELFARE; BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS; DOMINANCE; UNHANDLED HORSE | ||||
| Abstract | This paper describes how man can enter the social hierarchy of the horse by mimicking the behaviour and stance it uses to establish dominance. A herd is organised according to a dominance hierarchy established by means of ritualised conflict. Dominance relationships are formed through these confrontations: one horse gains the dominant role and others identify themselves as subordinates. This study was conducted using five females of the Haflinger breed, totally unaccustomed to human contact, from a free-range breeding farm. The study methods were based on the three elements fundamental to the equilibrium of the herd: flight, herd instinct and hierarchy. The trainer-horse relationship was established in three phases: retreat, approach and association. At the end of the training sessions, all of the horses were able to respond correctly to the trainer. These observations suggest that it is possible to manage unhandled horses without coercion by mimicking their behaviour patterns. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4089 | ||
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| Author | de Waal, F. B.; Tyack, P., (eds) | ||||
| Title | Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and Individualized Societies | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Publisher | Harvard University Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge, Massachusetts | Editor | de Waal, F. B.; Tyack, P., |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4096 | ||
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| Author | Waring, G.H. | ||||
| Title | Horse behavior | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | Review The coverage in the book is incredibly broad, thorough and detailed. The drawings throughout are marvelous and do a wonderful job of complementing the text. The extensive bibliography should be especially useful to biologists. “Cheryl Asa, Director of Research, St. Louis Zoo” For those highly interested in the subject, it is unquestionably worth upgrading rrom the first edition. Written by an internationally know and respected ethologist, Horse Behavior is a sound scientific review of equine behavior. “Nancy Kate Diehl, ”Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association,“ Vol. 223, No. 12, December 15, 2003 One of the people out there studying horses is Dr. Waring, a professor at Southern Illinois University. He uses big words such as polyphasic, but defines them, ”The daily sleep cycle of horses is polyphasic, that is, with more than one period of sleep occurring per 24-hour period.“ He gives the academically correct citations of studies, yet describes the results in language the rest of us can understand. I dare any horseperson of any experience level to read it and not learn something. ”Katherine Walcott, Eventing USA, Issue Two, 2003“ Horse Behavior, 2nd edition, is a very well researched book that addresses a through review of normal horse behavior. Dr. Waring brings together references from a wide variety of disciplines, often from very difficult to get sources, and integrates them with his own research into a comprehensive picture of the horse. Each chapter is well orgainzed in its contents, resulting in a book that will be an excellent reference. This is a ”must have“ for any serious student of horse behavior and for those who just enjoy the animal. ”Bonnie V. Beaver, BS, DVM, MS, DACVB, Texas A&M University" Book Description The second edition of this important reference provides important updates, especially in the areas of activity patterns, social behavior, reproduction, animal husbandry, and management. This easy-to-read text integrates findings from hundreds of international researchers and includes an updated appendix listing behavioral symptoms and possible causes. Over 100 illustrations and photos provide excellent visual cues for those who work with horses every day. |
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| Publisher | Noyes Publishing | Place of Publication | Norwich, N.Y. | Editor | |
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ISBN | 0815514840 9780815514848 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 48773749 | Serial | 4275 | ||
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| Author | Broucek, J.; Ksac, P.; Uhrincat, M. | ||||
| Title | The effect of sire line on learning and locomotor behaviour of heifers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Czech Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | Czech J. Anim. Sci |
| Volume | 48 | Issue | Pages | 387-394 | |
| Keywords | heifers; sire; maze; open-field test; repeatability; learning; locomotor behaviour relationship | ||||
| Abstract | ABSTRACT: e aim of this study was to test the effect of sire line on maze learning ability and locomotor behaviour in open-field tests of heifers, consistency over the time of grid crossing and relationship between the time of traversing the maze and grid crossings in open-field tests, respectively. We analysed the results of ethological tests for 54 Holstein heifers that descended from 7 sires. Maze behaviour was observed at the age of 15 weeks, an open-field test was applied at two age periods, 16 weeks and 18 months. We found out highly significant differences in the time of traversing the maze between heifers of different sire origin (P < 0.01). e number of grid crossings over the five minutes of the open-field test did not differ between the daughters of the age of 16 weeks and 18 months. Repeatability between the number of grid crossings at the age of 16 weeks and 18 months was proved by significant correlation (r = 0.2713*). On the contrary, significant relationships between the times of traversing the maze and locomotor behaviour in the open-field test (r =-0.3739*) were found only when the sequence of observations followed after a week pause (age of 15 and 16 weeks). |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4322 | ||
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