| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Couzin, I.D.; Krause, J.; James, R.; Ruxton, G.D.; Franks, N.R. |
|
| |
Title |
Collective Memory and Spatial Sorting in Animal Groups |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Journal of Theoretical Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Theor. Biol. |
|
| |
Volume |
218 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-11 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
We present a self-organizing model of group formation in three-dimensional space, and use it to investigate the spatial dynamics of animal groups such as fish schools and bird flocks. We reveal the existence of major group-level behavioural transitions related to minor changes in individual-level interactions. Further, we present the first evidence for collective memory in such animal groups (where the previous history of group structure influences the collective behaviour exhibited as individual interactions change) during the transition of a group from one type of collective behaviour to another. The model is then used to show how differences among individuals influence group structure, and how individuals employing simple, local rules of thumb, can accurately change their spatial position within a group (e.g. to move to the centre, the front, or the periphery) in the absence of information on their current position within the group as a whole. These results are considered in the context of the evolution and ecological importance of animal groups. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author  |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0022-5193 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5310 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Rogers, L.J. |
|
| |
Title |
Evolution of Side Biases: Motor versus Sensory Lateralization |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Side Bias: A Neuropsychological Perspective |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
3-40-40 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Medicine & Public Health |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Springer Netherlands |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
Mandal, M.K.; Bulman-Fleming, M.B.; Tiwari, G. |
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
978-0-306-46884-1 |
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5357 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Dingemanse, N.J.; Both, C.; Drent, P.J.; van Oers, K.; van Noordwijk, A.J. |
|
| |
Title |
Repeatability and heritability of exploratory behaviour in great tits from the wild |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
|
| |
Volume |
64 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
929-938 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
We investigated whether individual great tits, Parus major, vary consistently in their exploratory behaviour in a novel environment and measured the repeatability and heritability of this trait. Wild birds were caught in their natural habitat, tested in the laboratory in an open field test on the following morning, then released at the capture site. We measured individual consistency of exploratory behaviour for recaptured individuals (repeatability) and estimated the heritability with parent-offspring regressions and sibling analyses. Measures of exploratory behaviour of individuals at repeated captures were consistent in both sexes and study areas (repeatabilities ranged from 0.27 to 0.48). Exploration scores did not differ between the sexes, and were unrelated to age, condition at fledging or condition during measurement. Heritability estimates were 0.22-0.41 (parent-offspring regressions) and 0.37-0.40 (sibling analyses). We conclude that (1) consistent individual variation in open field behaviour exists in individuals from the wild, and (2) this behavioural variation is heritable. This is one of the first studies showing heritable variation in a behavioural trait in animals from the wild, and poses the question of how this variation is maintained under natural conditions. Copyright 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0003-3472 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5389 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Barton, R. |
|
| |
Title |
The evolutionary ecolgy of the primate brain |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Comparative Primate Socioecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
167-204 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Cambridge University Press |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge |
Editor |
Lee, P. C. |
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
ISBN-13: 9780521004244 | ISBN-10: 0521004241 |
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5450 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Garamszegi, L.Z.; Møller, A.P.; Erritzøe, J. |
|
| |
Title |
Coevolving avian eye size and brain size in relation to prey capture and nocturnality |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Roy Soc Lond B Biol Sci |
|
| |
Volume |
269 |
Issue |
1494 |
Pages |
961-967 |
|
| |
Keywords |
adaptation; behaviour; brain size; coevolution; eye size; vision |
|
| |
Abstract |
Behavioural adaptation to ecological conditions can lead to brain size evolution. Structures involved in behavioural visual information processing are expected to coevolve with enlargement of the brain. Because birds are mainly vision–oriented animals, we tested the predictions that adaptation to different foraging constraints can result in eye size evolution, and that species with large eyes have evolved large brains to cope with the increased amount of visual input. Using a comparative approach, we investigated the relationship between eye size and brain size, and the effect of prey capture technique and nocturnality on these traits. After controlling for allometric effects, there was a significant, positive correlation between relative brain size and relative eye size. Variation in relative eye and brain size were significantly and positively related to prey capture technique and nocturnality when a potentially confounding variable, aquatic feeding, was controlled statistically in multiple regression of independent linear contrasts. Applying a less robust, brunching approach, these patterns also emerged, with the exception that relative brain size did not vary with prey capture technique. Our findings suggest that relative eye size and brain size have coevolved in birds in response to nocturnal activity and, at least partly, to capture of mobile prey. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
10.1098/rspb.2002.1967 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5452 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Heyes, C.M. |
|
| |
Title |
Transformation and associative theories of imitation. |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Imitation in animals and artefacts |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
501-523 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
MIT Press |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge, MA. |
Editor |
Dautenhahn, K. ; Nehaniv, C. L. |
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5602 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Mettke-Hofmann, C.; Winkler, H.; Leisler, B. |
|
| |
Title |
The Significance of Ecological Factors for Exploration and Neophobia in Parrots |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
108 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
249-272 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
Exploratory behaviour plays an important role in most animals for gathering information about their environment. If it constitutes an adaptation to different environmental conditions exploratory behaviour should differ between species. This has been tested with several hypotheses. Sixty-one parrot species (Psittacidae) from eight tribes with different diets and habitat preferences were investigated in aviaries. Two tests were carried out. First, a novel object (wooden ring) in the familiar aviary was presented on two test days in the exploration test. Latencies until first contact with the object and the duration of exploration were recorded. Secondly, in the neophobia test, novel objects were placed beside the feeding dish and latencies until first food intake were recorded. The exploration and neophobia data were related to 12 (13) ecological variables using multiple regression analyses. Phylogenetic relationships were considered. Species that inhabit complex habitats, such as forest edges, or that feed on buds or species from islands showed the shortest latencies in the exploration test. In contrast, long latencies were related to a diet including a great amount of seeds and/or flowers. The longest duration of exploration occurred in species eating nuts or originating from islands, whereas short durations were related to feeding on seeds. Neophobia was positively related to a diet consisting of insects, and negatively to a diet of leaves. There was no relationship between measures of exploration and neophobia. Exploration and neophobia seem to be tightly related to the ecology of a species. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1439-0310 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5617 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
McDonough, P.; Kindig, C.A.; Ramsel, C.; Poole, D.C.; Erickson, H.H. |
|
| |
Title |
The effect of treadmill incline on maximal oxygen uptake, gas exchange and the metabolic response to exercise in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Experimental Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
87 |
Issue |
04 |
Pages |
499-506 M3 - null |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
In healthy man, conditions that change muscle O2 delivery affect the achievable maximum rate of O2 uptake (V[dot above]O2,max) as well as the metabolic (e.g. lactate threshold, LT) and gas exchange (e.g. gas exchange threshold, Tge) responses to incremental exercise. Inclined (I) compared to level (L) running increases locomotory muscle EMG at a given speed in the horse, indicative of elevated metabolic demand. To our knowledge, the effect of treadmill incline on V[dot above]O2,max, LT and Tge has not been addressed in the exercising quadruped. We used blood sampling and breath-by-breath expired gas analysis to test the hypothesis that I (10 % gradient) would increase V[dot above]O2,max and the rate of O2 uptake (V[dot above]O2) at LT and Tge in six Thoroughbred horses during incremental running to volitional fatigue. V[dot above]O2,max was significantly higher for I (I, 77.8 ± 4.1; L, 65.5 ± 5.3 l min-1; P < 0.05), but peak plasma lactate concentration was not (I, 28.0 ± 3.7; L, 25.9 ± 3.0 mM). Arterial PCO2 increased to 62.1 ± 3.3 and 57.9 ± 2.7 Torr (I vs. L; P < 0.05), yet despite this relative hypoventilation, a distinct Tge was present. This Tge occurred at a significantly different absolute (I, 49.6 ± 3.2; L, 42.4 ± 3.2 l min-1; P < 0.05), but nearly identical relative V[dot above]O2 (I, 63.6 ± 1.2; L, 63.9 ± 1.6 % V[dot above]O2,max) in I and L. Similarly, LT occurred at a significantly greater absolute V[dot above]O2 (I, 37.3 ± 2.8; L, 26.9 ± 2.1 l min-1), but a relative V[dot above]O2 that was not different (I, 47.9 ± 2.1; L, 43.9 ± 4.5 % V[dot above]O2,max). In addition, Tge occurred at a significantly higher (P [less-than-or-equal] 0.05) absolute and relative V[dot above]O2 than LT for both I and L tests. In conclusion, V[dot above]O2,max is higher during inclined than level running and both LT and Tge in the horse occur at a similar percentage of V[dot above]O2,max irrespective of the absolute level of V[dot above]O2,max. In contrast to humans, LT is a poor analogue of Tge in the horse. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Cambridge Journals Online |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1469-445x |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5650 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Pfister, J.A.; Stegelmeier, B.L.; Cheney, C.D.; Ralphs, M.H.; Gardner, D.R. |
|
| |
Title |
Conditioning taste aversions to locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim. Sci. |
|
| |
Volume |
80 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
79-83 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) is a serious poisoning problem for horses grazing on infested rangelands in the western United States. Our objectives were to determine 1) whether lithium chloride or apomorphine would condition aversions to palatable foods, and at what doses, and 2) whether horses could be averted to fresh locoweed in a pen and grazing situation. Apomorphine was not an acceptable aversive agent because at the dose required to condition an aversion (> or = 0.17 mg/kg BW), apomorphine induced unacceptable behavioral effects. Lithium chloride given via stomach tube at 190 mg/kg BW conditioned strong and persistent aversions to palatable feeds with minor signs of distress. Pen and grazing tests were conducted in Colorado to determine if horses could be averted to fresh locoweed. Pen tests indicated that most horses (5/6) were completely averted from locoweed. Treated horses ate 34 g of fresh locoweed compared to 135 g for controls (P < 0.01) during three pen tests when offered 150 g per test. One horse (T) in the treatment group ate locoweed each time it was offered in the pen, but ate no locoweed while grazing. In the grazing trial, control horses averaged 8.6% of bites of locoweed (P < 0.01) during the grazing portion of the study, whereas treated horses averaged <0.5%. One treated horse (S) accounted for all consumption; he consumed 15% of his bites as locoweed in a grazing bout on d 2 of the field study. Thereafter, he was dosed a second time with lithium chloride and ate no locoweed in the subsequent 5 d. Three of six horses required two pairings of lithium chloride with fresh locoweed to condition a complete aversion. The results of this study indicate that horses can be averted from locoweed using lithium chloride as an aversive agent, and this may provide a management tool to reduce the risk of intoxication for horses grazing locoweed-infested rangeland. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5682 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Westergaard, G.C.; Suomi, S.J.; Higley, J.D. |
|
| |
Title |
Handedness is associated with immune functioning and behavioural reactivity in rhesus macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Laterality |
Abbreviated Journal |
Laterality |
|
| |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
359-369 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
In the present study we examined the relationship among handedness, immune functioning, and behavioural reactivity in rhesus macaques. We used the absolute number of CD4+ (T-helper) and CD8+ (T-suppressor) cells as dependent measures of immune functioning. We derived reactivity profiles from behavioural responses to a threat, and hand preference profiles from a quadrupedal food-reaching test. The results indicate positive correlations between the frequency of right versus left hand reaches and the absolute number of CD4+ cells, and between the frequency of right versus left hand reaches and the degree of human-directed aggression in response to an invasive threat. Immune measures were not associated with the strength of hand preference. These results are consistent with and extend previous findings obtained with rodents to nonhuman primates and provide further support for the view that behavioural lateralisation is associated with immune functioning and behavioural reactivity. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Routledge |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1357-650x |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
doi: 10.1080/13576500143000230 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5779 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
