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Author  |
Saslow, C.A. | ||||
| Title | Understanding the perceptual world of horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 78 | Issue | 2-4 | Pages | 209-224 |
| Keywords | Horse; Perception; Vision; Olfaction; Touch; Hearing; Pain; Training; Psychophysics; Umwelt | ||||
| Abstract | From the viewpoint of experimental psychology, there are two problems with our current knowledge of equine perception. The first is that the behavioral and neurophysiological research in this area has enormous gaps, reflecting that this animal is not a convenient laboratory subject. The second is that the horse, having been a close companion to humans for many millennia, entrenched anecdotal wisdom is often hard to separate from scientific fact. Therefore, any summary at present of equine perception has to be provisional. The horse appears to have developed a visual system particularly sensitive to dim light and movement, it may or may not have a weak form of color vision in part of the retina, it has little binocular overlap, and its best acuity is limited to a restricted horizontal band which is aimed primarily by head/neck movements. However, the total field of view is very large. Overall, as would be expected for a prey animal, horse vision appears to have evolved more for detection of predator approach from any angle than for accurate visual identification of stationary objects, especially those seen at a distance. It is likely that, as for most mammals except the primates, horses rely more heavily on their other senses for forming a view of their world. Equine high-frequency hearing extends far above that of humans, but horses may be less able to localize the point of origin of brief sounds. The horse's capacity for chemoreception and its reliance on chemical information for identification may more closely resemble that of the dog than of the human. Its tactile sensitivity is high, and the ability of its brain and body to regulate pain perception appears to be similar to that found in other mammals. There is room for a great deal of future research in both the area of equine perception and sensory-based cognition, but for the present time persons interacting with this animal should be made aware of the importance of the sounds they make, the movements of their bodies, the way they touch the animal, and the odors they emit or carry on their clothing. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 400 | ||
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| Author |
Santamaria, S.; Back, W.; van Weeren, P.R.; Knaap, J.; Barneveld, A. | ||||
| Title | Jumping characteristics of naive foals: lead changes and description of temporal and linear parameters | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
| Volume | Issue | 34 | Pages | 302-307 | |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Newborn/*physiology; Biomechanics; Female; Forelimb/physiology; Gait/*physiology; Hindlimb/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Locomotion/*physiology; Male | ||||
| Abstract | The selection of foals as future showjumpers remains a subjective process based on qualitative parameters; and hence, frequently suffers from disparity in the criteria used by experts in the field. A detailed biomechanical description of foals while jumping would be most helpful in providing a better basis for the accurate assessment of their future athletic ability. The Qualisys Pro Reflex system was used to capture 3-dimensional kinematics of 41 Dutch Warmblood foals age 6 months free jumping a vertical fence, preceded by a cross pole fence. The left lead was the most preferred lead for both the fore- and hindlimbs, from the landing following the cross poles to the first move-off stride after clearing the vertical fence. The foals displayed a high incidence of rotary gallop during both the jump stride (divided into take-off, jump suspension and landing) and the first move-off stride, while change of lead was frequently observed during jump suspension. At the take-off side of the fence, the trailing forelimb in the last approach stride was placed furthest from the fence, whereas the trailing hindlimb at take-off was placed closest (P<0.05). At the landing side, the trailing forelimb was the closest and the leading hindlimb of the move-off stride 1 was the furthest (P<0.05). The trailing forelimb in the approach stride 1 had a significantly longer stance phase duration than the leading forelimb. At landing, the leading forelimb stance phase lasted longer than that of the trailing forelimb (P<0.05). The hindlimbs did not differ in their stance phase duration at take-off. The height reached by the hooves above the fence top was significantly greater in the hind limbs (P<0.05). In addition, the hindlimbs (97.1 +/- 2.6%) shortened more than the forelimbs (92.6 +/- 5.7%) (P<0.05). It is concluded that the overall jumping technique of foals is similar to that reported in literature for mature horses. If the patterns are consistent throughout the rearing period, the quantitative analysis of the kinematics of free jumping foals may provide a valid quantitative basis for early selection. | ||||
| Address | Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12405705 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3784 | ||
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| Author |
Rogers,L. J.; Andrew, R. (eds) | ||||
| Title | Comparative Vertebrate Lateralization | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | No longer viewed as a characteristic unique to humans, brain lateralization is considered a key property of most, if not all, vertebrates. This field of study provides a firm basis from which to examine a number of important issues in the study of brain and behaviour. This book takes a comparative and integrative approach to lateralization in a wide range of vertebrate species, including humans. It highlights model systems that have proved invaluable in elucidating the function, causes, development, and evolution of lateralization. The book is arranged in four parts, beginning with the evolution of lateralization, moving to its development, to its cognitive dimensions, and finally to its role in memory. Experts in lateralization in lower vertebrates, birds, non-primate mammals, and primates have contributed chapters in which they discuss their own research and consider its implications to humans. The book is suitable for researchers, graduates and advanced undergraduates in psychology, neuroscience and the behavioral sciences. - Unique in its truly comparative approach, covering fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals (including primates and humans) – World-class editors and contributors – Very broad coverage of both theoretical and technical aspects of laterality, including evolution, development, behaviour, and memory Contents Preface; Introduction; Part I. Evolution of Lateralization: 1. How ancient is lateralization? G. Vallortigara and A. Bisazza; 2. The earliest origins and subsequent evolution of lateralization R. J. Andrew; 3. The nature of lateralization in tetrapods R. J. Andrew and L. J. Rogers; 4. Advantages and disadvantages of lateralization L. J. Rogers; Part II. Development of Lateralization: 5. Behavioral development and lateralization R. J. Andrew; 6. Factors affecting the development of lateralization in chicks C. Deng and L. J. Rogers; 7. Ontogony of visual lateralization in pigeons O. Güntürkün; 8. Development of laterality and the role of the corpus callosum in rodents and humans P. E. Cowell and V. H. Denenberg; 9. Posture and laterality in human and nonhuman primates: asymmetries in maternal handling and the infant"s early motor asymmetries E. Damerose and J. Vauclair; Part III. Cognition and Lateralization: 10. Evidence of cerebral lateralization from senses other than vision R. J. Andrew and J. A. S. Watkins; 11. Facing an obstacle: lateralization of object and spatial cognition G. Vallortigara and L. Regolin; 12. Laterality of communicative behaviors in nonhuman primates: a critical analysis W. D. Hopkins and S. F. Carriba; 13. Specialized processing of primate facial and vocal expressions: evidence for cerebral asymmetries D. J. Weiss, A. A. Ghazanfar, C. T. Miller and M. D. Hauser; Part IV. Lateralization and Memory: 14. Memory and lateralized recall A. N. B. Johnston and S. P. R. Rose; 15. Memory formation and brain lateralization R. J. Andrew; Epilogue; Appendix; Index. Reviews 'Andrew & Roger perform an enormous service in bringing data from animal behaviour, neuroanatomy and electrophysiology into contact with traditional zoological concerns such as genetics, embryology and population biology.' Journal of Animal Behaviour 'Whatever the outcome of the war, this book will be a key starting point for those trying to understand it (or perhaps to fight in it).' Annals of Human Biology Contributors Richard J. Andrew, Angelo Bisazza, Samuel F. Carriba, Patricia E. Cowell, Eric Damerose, Victor H. Denenberg, Chao Deng, Asif A. Ghazanfar, Onur Güntürkün, Mark D. Hauser, William D. Hopkins, Amy N. B. Johnston, Cory T. Miller, Lucia Regolin, Lesley L. Rogers, Steven Rose, Giorgio Vallortigara, J. Vauclair, J. A. S. Watkins, Daniel J. Weiss |
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | New York | Editor | Rogers,L. J. ; Andrew, R. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 9780521781619 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4623 | ||
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| Author |
Rogers, L.J. | ||||
| Title | Advantages and disadvantages of lateralization | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 126-153 | ||
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | New York | Editor | L. J. Rogers,; R. Andrew, |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 9780521781619 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ L.J.Rogers+R.Andrew(eds)2002 | Serial | 4624 | ||
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| Author |
Rogers, L.J. | ||||
| Title | Evolution of Side Biases: Motor versus Sensory Lateralization | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Side Bias: A Neuropsychological Perspective | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 3-40-40 | ||
| Keywords | Medicine & Public Health | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer Netherlands | Place of Publication | Editor | Mandal, M.K.; Bulman-Fleming, M.B.; Tiwari, G. | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0-306-46884-1 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5357 | ||
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| Author |
Rivera, E.; Benjamin, S.; Nielsen, B.; Shelle, J.; Zanella, A.J. | ||||
| Title | Behavioral and physiological responses of horses to initial training: the comparison between pastured versus stalled horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 78 | Issue | 2-4 | Pages | 235-252 |
| Keywords | Horses; Housing; Training; Behavior; Stress; Cortisol; Welfare | ||||
| Abstract | Horses kept in stalls are deprived of opportunities for social interactions, and the performance of natural behaviors is limited. Inadequate environmental conditions may compromise behavioral development. Initial training is a complex process and it is likely that the responses of horses may be affected by housing conditions. Sixteen 2-year-old Arabian horses were kept on pasture (P) (n=8) or in individual stalls (S) (n=8). Twelve horses (six P and six S) were subjected to a standardized training procedure, carried out by two trainers in a round pen, and 4 horses (two P and two S) were introduced to the round pen but were not trained (C; control). On sample collection day 0, 7, 21 and 28, behavior observations were carried out, blood samples were drawn and heart rates were monitored. Total training time for the stalled horses was significantly higher than total time for the pastured horses (S: 26.4+/-1.5 min; P: 19.7+/-1.1; P=0.032). The stalled group required more time to habituate to the activities occurring from the start of training to mounting (S: 11.4+/-0.96; P: 7.3+/-0.75 min; P=0.007). Frequency of unwanted behavior was higher in the stalled horses (S: 8.0+/-2.0; P: 2.2+/-1.0; P=0.020). Pastured horses tended to have higher basal heart rates on day 0 (S: 74.7+/-4.8; P: 81.8+/-5.3 bpm; P=0.0771). While the physiological data failed to identify differences between housing groups, the behavioral data suggest that pasture-kept horses adapt more easily to training than stalled horses. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 717 | ||
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| Author |
Reichmuth Kastak, C.; Schusterman, R.J. | ||||
| Title | Long-term memory for concepts in a California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 225-232 |
| Keywords | Animals; Concept Formation; Female; Memory/*physiology; Mental Processes; Sea Lions/physiology/*psychology; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | An adult California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus) with extensive experience in performing discrimination learning tasks was tested to evaluate her long-term memory for two previously learned concepts. An associative concept, that of equivalence classification, was retested after a retention interval of approximately 1 year. The sea lion had originally shown emergent equivalence classification with nonsimilarity-based classes of stimuli in a simple discrimination repeated-reversal procedure as well as in a matching-to-sample procedure. The 1-year memory test revealed no decrement in classification performance in either procedure. A relational concept, that of generalized identity matching, was retested after approximately 10 years. The sea lion had originally received trial-and-error exemplar training with identity matching-to-sample problems prior to transferring the concept to novel stimulus configurations. In the 10-year memory test, the sea lion immediately and reliably applied the previously established identity concept to familiar and novel sets of matching problems. These are the first reports of long-term conceptual memory in a nonprimate species. The experimental findings are consistent with a variety of observations of sea lions in natural settings, which indicate that natal sites, feeding areas, and individuals may be remembered over long periods of time. | ||||
| Address | Long Marine Laboratory, University of California at Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. coll@cats.ucsc.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12461600 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2590 | ||
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| Author |
Reader, S.M.; Laland, K.N. | ||||
| Title | Social intelligence, innovation, and enhanced brain size in primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 99 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 4436-4441 |
| Keywords | Animals; Brain/*anatomy & histology; Evolution; *Intelligence; Learning; Primates/*anatomy & histology/*psychology; Social Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Despite considerable current interest in the evolution of intelligence, the intuitively appealing notion that brain volume and “intelligence” are linked remains untested. Here, we use ecologically relevant measures of cognitive ability, the reported incidence of behavioral innovation, social learning, and tool use, to show that brain size and cognitive capacity are indeed correlated. A comparative analysis of 533 instances of innovation, 445 observations of social learning, and 607 episodes of tool use established that social learning, innovation, and tool use frequencies are positively correlated with species' relative and absolute “executive” brain volumes, after controlling for phylogeny and research effort. Moreover, innovation and social learning frequencies covary across species, in conflict with the view that there is an evolutionary tradeoff between reliance on individual experience and social cues. These findings provide an empirical link between behavioral innovation, social learning capacities, and brain size in mammals. The ability to learn from others, invent new behaviors, and use tools may have played pivotal roles in primate brain evolution. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, High Street, Madingley, Cambridge CB3 8AA, United Kingdom | ||||
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| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11891325 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2149 | |||
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| Author |
Ray, E.D.; Heyes, C.M. | ||||
| Title | Do rats in a two-action test encode movement egocentrically or allocentrically? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 245-252 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Discrimination Learning; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Random Allocation; Rats/physiology/*psychology; Smell | ||||
| Abstract | Two-action tests of imitation compare groups that observe topographically different responses to a common manipulandum. The general aim of the two experiments reported here was to find a demonstrator-consistent responding effect in a procedure that could be elaborated to investigate aspects of what was learned about the demonstrated lever response. Experiment 1 was a pilot study with rats of a variant of the two-action method of investigating social learning about observed responses. Groups of observer rats ( Rattus norvegicus) saw a demonstrator push a lever up or down for a food reward. When these observers were subsequently given access to the lever and rewarded for responses in both directions, their directional preferences were compared with two 'screen control' groups that were unable to see their demonstrators' behaviour. Demonstrator-consistent responding was found to be restricted to observers that were able to see demonstrator performance, suggesting that scent cues alone were insufficient to cue a preference for the demonstrators' response direction and thereby that the rats learned by observation about body movements (imitation) or lever movement (emulation). Experiment 2 assessed responding on two levers, one that had been manipulated by the demonstrator, and a second, transposed lever positioned some distance away. Demonstrator-consistent responding was abolished when actions were observed and performed in different parts of the apparatus, suggesting that observed movement was encoded allocentrically with respect to the apparatus rather than egocentrically with respect to the actor's body. With particular reference to the influence of scent cues, the results are discussed in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of this and other varieties of the two-action procedure as tests of imitation in animals and human infants. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. e.ray@ucl.ac.uk | ||||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12461602 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2588 | ||
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| Author |
R. J. Andrew; J. A. S. Watkins (eds) | ||||
| Title | Evidence of cerebral lateralization from senses other than vision | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 365-382 | ||
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | New York | Editor | R. J. Andrew ; J. A. S. Watkins |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 9780521781619 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ L.J.Rogers+R.Andrew(eds)2002 | Serial | 4625 | ||
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