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| Author | Watt, L. M.; McDonnell, S. M. | ||||
| Title | Demonstration of Concept Formation in the Horse. | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Equine Behavior Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, August 2001 Interim Report. | Abbreviated Journal | |
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University of Pennsylvania | Place of Publication | Philadephia | Editor | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5449 | ||
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| Author | Wynne C. D. L. | ||||
| Title | Animal Cognition: The Mental Lives of Animals | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | Covering a wide range of key topics, from reasoning and communication to sensation and complex problem-solving, this engagingly-written text presents a comprehensive survey of contemporary research on animal cognition. Written for anyone with an interest in animal cognition, but without a background in animal behaviour, it endeavours to explain what makes animals tick. With numerous illustrations and including exciting recent studies from many little-studied species (such as the weakly electric African fish), this text is ideal for psychology students who are interested in how much of our human cognition is shared by other species, for students of biology who want to know how complex animal behaviour can get, and for all those with an interest in the animal mind. |
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Palgrave | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 9780333923955 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6157 | ||
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| Author | Munksgaard, L.; DePassillé, A.M.; Rushen, J.; Herskin, M.S.; Kristensen, A.M. | ||||
| Title | Dairy cows' fear of people: social learning, milk yield and behaviour at milking | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 15-26 |
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| Abstract | We examined the effects of the presence of an unfamiliar, a gentle or an aversive handler during milking on behaviour and milk yield, and whether cows can learn to approach or avoid a handler by observing the neighbouring cow?s responses. In Experiment 1, Danish Friesian cows (n=16) were treated gently (offering hay and concentrates) by one handler and aversively (hit every 15s on the head with the hand) by another handler for six periods of 2min each. The two handlers wore different coloured overalls, and each cow received either gentle or aversive treatment in the first week and the other treatment the following week. All cows kept a longer distance to the aversive than to the gentle handler in a 1min test after treatment. Milk yield and residual milk did not differ when the aversive or the gentle handler was standing in front of the cow during milking, although the cows moved their legs and tail less when the aversive handler was present. When an unfamiliar person was standing in front of the cows during milking, behaviour and milk yield did not differ from control milkings. Cows and heifers (n=10) that had observed their neighbours receiving gentle treatment by one handler and aversive treatment from another handler did not differ in the distance they kept from these two handlers. In Experiment 2, cows (n=15) that had observed the neighbours receiving a gentle treatment (eight times for 2min) kept a shorter distance to that handler after treatment of their neighbours, and the distance they kept was correlated with the distance kept by the neighbouring cows. This suggests that responses of observer cows may be affected by the responses of the cows being treated. The cows rapidly learned to avoid an aversive handler, but although the cows showed clear avoidance response to the aversive handler there was no effect on milk yield when the aversive handler was present at milking. | ||||
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Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1016/S0168-1591(01)00119-8 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6039 | ||
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| Author | Malmgren, L.; Andresen, Ø.; Dalin, A.-M. | ||||
| Title | Effect of GnRH immunisation on hormonal levels, sexual behaviour, semen quality and testicular morphology in mature stallions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine vet. J. |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 75-83 |
| Keywords | horse; GnRH; immunisation; stallion; testosterone; oestrone sulphate; sexual behaviour; semen quality | ||||
| Abstract | Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunisation on mature stallions that had been used for breeding. Four Standardbred stallions were used in the study: 3 experimental animals and 1 control animal. Semen was collected regularly, i.e. twice/week, during the 4 months prior to the experimental period. The stallions were immunised against GnRH with a GnRH-BSA conjugate. Equimune was used as the adjuvant. The stallions were immunised on 5 occasions, 4 at 2 week intervals, and the fifth 4 weeks after the fourth. Blood samples were taken once a week for analysis of GnRH antibody titre and every third week for testosterone and oestrone sulphate analyses. Semen was collected once a week, and libido and sexual behaviour were observed. Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total number of sperm in the ejaculate, sperm motility and sperm morphology were evaluated. Testicular size was measured once a week. At the end of the study, the stallions were castrated, and a histological examination of the testes performed. All immunised stallions produced antibodies against GnRH, and plasma testosterone concentration decreased. However, the effect of immunisation varied between stallions. In 2 of the stallions, high levels of antibodies were found, while in the third, the level was moderate. Four weeks after the first immunisation, a decrease in libido was observed. Two months after the first immunisation, marked changes in semen quality were observed in the 2 stallions with high antibody titres. Fourteen weeks after the first immunisation, the total number of sperm/ejaculate had decreased from >8.6×109 to<2.7×109, sperm motility from >59 to<10% and the frequency of morphological normal spermatozoa had decreased from >60 to<14%. The dominating abnormalities were abnormal head shapes, proximal cytoplasmic droplets and detached heads. In the third stallion, only slight changes in semen quality were found. No changes were observed in the control stallion. Decreases in testicular size were noted in all of the experimental stallions. Pronounced histological alterations in the testes were observed in 2 of the stallions. It is concluded that the vaccine was effective in stimulating production of GnRH antibodies and in suppressing testicular function and androgen secretion. However, there was an individual variation in the responses among the stallions and, further, libido was not totally suppressed. | ||||
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 2042-3306 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5312 | ||
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| Author | Slater, P.; Rosenblatt, J.; Snowdon, C.; Roper, T. | ||||
| Title | ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR, 31 | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | 31 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Abstract | Description The aim of Advances in the Study of Behavior remains as it has been since the series began: to serve the increasing number of scientists who are engaged in the study of animal behavior by presenting their theoretical ideas and research to their colleagues and to those in neighboring fields. We hope that the series will continue its “contribution to the development of the field”, as its intended role was phrased in the Preface to the first volume in 1965. Since that time, traditional areas of animal behavior have achieved new vigor by the links they have formed with related fields and by the closer relationship that now exists between those studying animal and human subjects. Advances in the Study of Behavior, Volume 31 continues to serve scientists across a wide spectrum of disciplines. Focusing on new theories and research developments with respect to behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology, and comparative psychology, these volumes foster cooperation and communications in these dense fields. Audience Experimental psychologists studying animal behavior, comparative psychologists, ethologists, evolutionary biologists, and ichthyologists. Contents Contributors. Preface.M.L. East and H. Hofer, Conflict and Co-operation in a Female Dominated Society: A Re-assessment of the “Hyper-aggressive” Image of Spotted Hyenas.C. ten Cate, H. Slabbekoorn, and M.R. Ballintijn, Bird Song and Male-male Competition: Causes and Consequences of Vocal Variability in the Collared Dove (Streptopelia Decaocto).R.W. Byrne, Imitation of Novel Complex Actions: What Does the Evidence from Animals Mean?L.J. Rogers, Lateralization in Vertebrates: Its Early Evolution, General Pattern and Development.S.H. Hulse, Auditory Scene Analysis in Animal Communication.P.K. Stoddard, Electric Signals: Predation, Sex, and Environmental Constraints.T. Aubin and P. Jouventin, How to Vocally Identify Kin in a Crowd: The Penguin Model. Index. Contents of Previous Volumes. |
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ACADEMIC PRESS | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0-12-004531-0 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4736 | ||
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| Author | Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | The case for a cognitive approach to animal learning and behavior | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Behavioral Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav Processes |
| Volume | 54 | Issue | 1-3 | Pages | 65-78 |
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| Abstract | The dangers of hypothesizing about unobservable cognitive mechanisms are well known to behavior analysts. I propose, however, that carefully fashioned cognitive theories that make predictions that are inconsistent with current behavioral theories can provide useful research tools for the understanding of behavior. Furthermore, even if the results of such research may be accommodated by modifying existing behavioral theories, our understanding of behavior is often advanced by the empirical findings because it is unlikely that the research would have been conducted in the absence of such cognitive hypothesizing. Two examples of the development of emergent relations are described: The first deals with the nature of a pigeon's 'representation' of two stimuli both of which are associated with correct responding to a third in a many-to-one matching task (stimulus equivalence or common representations). The second has to do with transitive inference, the emergent relation between two stimuli mediated by their relation to a common stimulus in a simultaneous discrimination. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 40506-0044, Lexington, KY, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11369461 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 25 | |||
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| Author | Abeyesinghe, S.M.; Nicol, C.J.; Wathes. C.M.; Randall, J.M. | ||||
| Title | Development of a raceway method to assess aversion of domestic fowl to concurrent stressors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 175-194 |
| Keywords | previous termConcurrent stressors; Aversion; Domestic fowlnext term; Transport; Vibration; Hyperthermia | ||||
| Abstract | The requirement for assessing the effects of stressor combinations in improving the welfare of animals has not been widely recognised. Knowledge of the effects of concurrent stressors is needed to improve environments such as transport, where animals are presented with many simultaneous challenges. However, no method for measuring the effects of different stressors with a common unit is currently available. A locomotor passive avoidance method was developed as a common currency measure of the aversion of domestic fowl to concurrent stressors, using vibrational and thermal stressors as an exemplar. Juvenile fowl, fasted overnight, were trained to run a raceway into a goal-box for small food rewards (FR1). When running consistently, the reinforcement schedule was superimposed with a FR5 treatment schedule (60 min confinement in the goal-box with either a control of no other stressors [N] or concurrent vibration and thermal stressors [VT]). Subsequent latency to return to the goal-box was recorded as a measure of aversion. The factors affecting bird response were addressed in a series of experiments to optimise the method and clarify interpretation of results. Pre-feeding (20% ration 2 h prior to testing) did not affect response, but increasing the number of treatment presentations facilitated learning and increased method sensitivity. Treatment responses were consistent across experiments; overall VT was avoided (P<0.001), but N was not. However, there was large individual variation in response to VT. A final experiment indicated that, given a visual discriminatory cue, birds were capable of learning the required association between entering the goal-box and receiving the treatment, suggesting that the delay responses were due to aversion rather than the immediate impact of treatment on ability to respond. Further work is required to test the singular stressors, but the method retains common currency potential for assessing aversion to multiple stressors. | ||||
| Address | Bio-Engineering Division, Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park, Silsoe, MK45 4HS, Bedford, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11738510 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 85 | ||
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| Author | Visser, E.K.; van Reenen, C.G.; Hopster, H.; Schilder, M.B.H.; Knaap, J.H.; Barneveld, A.; Blokhuis, H.J. | ||||
| Title | Quantifying aspects of young horses' temperament: consistency of behavioural variables | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 74 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 241-258 |
| Keywords | Horses; Temperament; Individual differences; Behavioural variables; Pca | ||||
| Abstract | Performance of horses, whether in sports or in leisure, depends on both physical abilities as well as temperament. The aim of the present work was to measure individual variation and consistency of behavioural variables, related to temperament, in young horses of the same breed and age, and reared under controlled housing conditions and management. A total of 41 Dutch Warmblood horses were tested at 9, 10, 21 and 22 months of age in two behavioural tests, i.e. the novel object test and the handling test. In the novel object test horses were confronted with an open umbrella that was lowered from the ceiling. In the handling test horses were led by a human to cross a bridge. Per test, behavioural variables in the following behavioural classes were observed: locomotor activity, latency times, postural expressions and vocalisations. Within years, all behavioural variables in the handling test, and all but two in the novel object test were positively correlated (0.36<Rs<0.81, P<0.05). For both tests, at 9, 10, 21 and 22 months of age, a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to examine whether there were indications for underlying components of these individual behavioural variables that could possibly serve as measures for temperamental traits. The first component in the novel object test could be regarded as `flightiness' and the second as `sensitiveness'. In the handling test, the first component was suggested to relate to `patience', the second component to `willingness to perform'. The temperamental trait `flightiness' (novel object test) as well as the temperamental trait `patience' (handling test) were positively correlated within both years (0.36<Rs<0.65, P<0.05). For the traits `sensitiveness' (novel object test) and `willingness to perform' (handling test) a positive correlation was only found within the first year (0.44<Rs<0.57, P<0.01). A few individual behavioural variables showed consistency over years. Additionally, just one out of four temperamental traits, namely `flightiness', proved to be consistent over years (Rs=0.49, P<0.01). The temperamental trait `patience' showed a trend between years (Rs=0.31, 0.05<P<0.1). It is concluded that the behavioural tests employed in the present study can be used to reliably identify individual behavioural variables and temperamental traits in young horses. Long-term consistency, i.e. between subsequent years, could not be demonstrated convincingly. Nevertheless, future work may indicate that employing the same approach and considering an even longer time period or different phases of the horse's life, long-term consistency does exist. | ||||
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| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 324 | ||
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| Author | Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
| Title | Animal cognition and animal behaviour | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 61 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 277-286 |
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| Abstract | Cognitive processes such as perception, learning, memory and decision making play an important role in mate choice, foraging and many other behaviours. In this review, I summarize a few key ideas about animal cognition developed in a recent book (Shettleworth 1998, Cognition, Evolution and Behaviour) and briefly review some areas in which interdisciplinary research on animal cognition is currently proving especially productive. Cognition, broadly defined, includes all ways in which animals take in information through the senses, process, retain and decide to act on it. Studying animal cognition does not entail any particular position on whether or to what degree animals are conscious. Neither does it entail rejecting behaviourism in that one of the greatest challenges in studing animal cognition is to formulate clear behavioural criteria for inferring specific mental processes. Tests of whether or not apparently goal-directed behaviour is controlled by a representation of its goal, episodic-like memory in birds, and deceptive behaviour in monkeys provide examples. Functional modelling has been integrated with analyses of cognitive mechanisms in a number of areas, including studies of communication, models of how predator learning and attention affect the evolution of conspicuous and cryptic prey, tests of the relationship betweeen ecological demands on spatial cognition and brain evolution, and in research on social learning. Rather than a `new field' of cognitive ecology, such interdisciplinary research on animal cognition exemplifies a revival of interest in proximate mechanisms of behaviour. | ||||
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| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 397 | ||
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| Author | Griffiths, D.P.; Clayton, N.S. | ||||
| Title | Testing episodic memory in animals: A new approach | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Physiology & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 755-762 |
| Keywords | Episodic memory; Food-caching; Animal models | ||||
| Abstract | Episodic memory involves the encoding and storage of memories concerned with unique personal experiences and their subsequent recall, and it has long been the subject of intensive investigation in humans. According to Tulving's classical definition, episodic memory “receives and stores information about temporally dated episodes or events and temporal-spatial relations among these events.” Thus, episodic memory provides information about the `what' and `when' of events (`temporally dated experiences') and about `where' they happened (`temporal-spatial relations'). The storage and subsequent recall of this episodic information was thought to be beyond the memory capabilities of nonhuman animals. Although there are many laboratory procedures for investigating memory for discrete past episodes, until recently there were no previous studies that fully satisfied the criteria of Tulving's definition: they can all be explained in much simpler terms than episodic memory. However, current studies of memory for cache sites in food-storing jays provide an ethologically valid model for testing episodic-like memory in animals, thereby bridging the gap between human and animal studies memory. There is now a pressing need to adapt these experimental tests of episodic memory for other animals. Given the potential power of transgenic and knock-out procedures for investigating the genetic and molecular bases of learning and memory in laboratory rodents, not to mention the wealth of knowledge about the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the rodent hippocampus (a brain area heavily implicated in episodic memory), an obvious next step is to develop a rodent model of episodic-like memory based on the food-storing bird paradigm. The development of a rodent model system could make an important contribution to our understanding of the neural, molecular, and behavioral mechanisms of mammalian episodic memory. | ||||
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| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 401 | ||
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