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| Author | Custance, D.; Whiten, A.; Sambrook, T.; Galdikas, B. | ||||
| Title | Testing for social learning in the “artificial fruit” processing of wildborn orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), Tanjung Puting, Indonesia | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 305-313 |
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| Abstract | Social learning about actions, objects and sequencing was investigated in a group of 14 wildborn orangutans (four adult females and ten 3- to 5-year-old juveniles). Human models showed alternative methods and sequences for dismantling an artificial fruit to groups of participants matched by gender and age. Each participant received three to six 2-min trials in which they were given access to the artificial fruit for manipulation. Independent coders, who were unaware of which method each participant had seen, gave confidence ratings and collected action frequencies from watching video recordings of the experimental trials. No significant differences were found between groups in terms of the coders' confidence ratings, the action frequencies or the sequence of manipulations. These negative results may at least partly reflect the immaturity of a large proportion of the participants. A positive correlation was found between age and the degree of matching to the method shown. Although none of the juveniles succeeded in opening the “fruit”, two out of the four adults did so and they also seemed to match more closely the sequence of elements touched over successive trials. The results are compared with similar data previously collected from human children, chimpanzees, gorillas, capuchin monkeys and common marmosets. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3370 | ||
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| Author | Tschudin, A.J.-P.C. | ||||
| Title | 'Mindreading' Mammals? Attribution of Belief Tasks with Dolphins | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Welfare | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Welfare |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | Pages | 119-127 | |
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| Abstract | 'Mindreading' or theory of mind (ToM) refers to the capacity to attribute mental states to others. This ability is regarded as a critical component of what has, to date, exclusively characterized the advanced social cognition displayed by humans. The false belief task is a key test for ToM in different animal species. On a standard non-verbal false belief task, humans pass from age 4, whereas non-human primates consistently fail. Neuroanatomical and behavioural evidence for dolphins, however, indicates that they are capable of passing ToM tasks. The current paper represents a synthesis of the relevant dolphin research on neocortical evolution and non-invasive behavioural tests of precursors for ToM and the attribution of beliefs. The success of dolphins on attribution of belief tasks, in the absence of learning or cueing, indicates that they are capable of 'mindreading'. What are the implications of animal 'mindreading'? ToM tasks probe for reflexive consciousness and, by this criterion, dolphins may display reflexive consciousness. The implication of this conclusion is that future behavioural studies of social cognition will have considerable ethical and legal implications for animal welfare. | ||||
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| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3491 | ||
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| Author | Hanggi, E.B. | ||||
| Title | Can Horses Recognize Pictures? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Proceedings of the Third International Conference of Cognitive Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 52-56 | ||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Beijing, China. | Editor | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3566 | ||
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| Author | Creel, S. | ||||
| Title | Social dominance and stress hormones | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Trends in Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Trends. Ecol. Evol |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 491-497 |
| Keywords | Dominance; rank; stress; glucocorticoids; cooperative breeding; sociality; behavioural endocrinology; mammals | ||||
| Abstract | In most cooperatively breeding birds and mammals, reproductive rates are lower for social subordinates than for dominants, and it is common for reproduction in subordinates to be completely suppressed. Early research conducted in captivity showed that losing fights can increase glucocorticoid (GC) secretion, a general response to stress. Because GCs can suppress reproduction, it has been widely argued that chronic stress might underlie reproductive suppression of social subordinates in cooperative breeders. Contradicting this hypothesis, recent studies of cooperative breeders in the wild show that dominant individuals have elevated GCs more often than do subordinates. The findings that elevated GCs can be a consequence of subordination or a cost of dominance complicate the conventional view of social stress, with broad ramifications for the evolution of dominance and reproductive suppression. | ||||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4072 | ||
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| Author | Doutrelant, C.; McGregor, P. K.; Oliveira, R. F. | ||||
| Title | The effect of an audience on intrasexual communication in male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | Pages | 283-286 | |
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4224 | ||
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| Author | Fleurance,Géraldine; Duncan ,Patrick; Mallevaud, Bruno | ||||
| Title | Daily intake and the selection of feeding sites by horses in heterogeneous wet grasslands | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Res. | |
| Volume | 50 | Issue | Pages | 149-156 | |
| Keywords | horse / intake / grassland / heterogeneity / wetland cheval / ingestion / prairie / hétérogénéité / zone humide | ||||
| Abstract | In spite of the importance of grazed forage in horse nutrition, little information is available on their daily intake at pasture. We determined the intake of 4 non-breeding mares of a heavy breed (average body weight = 674 kg), grazing during the summer in heterogeneous natural grasslands of the Marais Poitevin (France), an internationally important wetland where grazing is an essential process which maintains biodiversity. The mares ate large quantities of forage (21.9 $pm$ 2.4 kg of organic matter per day, i.e. 166.2 $pm$ 20.8 g of organic matter per kg LW0.75 per day) in comparison with previous published values and with the estimated requirements of these horses. The use of the vegetation was very selective, the mares spent about 70% of their feeding time on short grass lawns (sward surface $leq$ 4 cm, biomass < 100 g$cdot$m-2), that represented only 10% of the area. This behaviour maintained the plants at young growing stages which are of better quality than ungrazed plants. These results are discussed in relation to the dynamics of the plant communities. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | horse / intake / grassland / heterogeneity / wetland | Thesis | |||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4238 | ||
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| Author | Schaefer, M.L.; Young, D.A.; Restrepo, D. | ||||
| Title | Olfactory Fingerprints for Major Histocompatibility Complex-Determined Body Odors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | J. Neurosci. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 2481-2487 |
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| Abstract | Recognition of individual body odors is analogous to human face recognition in that it provides information about identity. Individual body odors determined by differences at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC or H-2) have been shown to influence mate choice, pregnancy block, and maternal behavior in mice. Unfortunately, the mechanism and extent of the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) involvement in the discrimination of animals according to H-2-type has remained ambiguous. Here we study the neuronal activation patterns evoked in the MOB in different individuals on exposure to these complex, biologically meaningful sensory stimuli. We demonstrate that body odors from H-2 disparate mice evoke overlapping but distinct maps of neuronal activation in the MOB. The spatial patterns of odor-evoked activity are sufficient to be used like fingerprints to predict H-2 identity using a novel computer algorithm. These results provide functional evidence for discrimination of H-2-determined body odors in the MOB, but do not preclude a role for the AOB. These data further our understanding of the neural strategies used to decode socially relevant odors. N1 - | ||||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4419 | ||
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| Author | Malmgren, L.; Andresen, Ø.; Dalin, A.-M. | ||||
| Title | Effect of GnRH immunisation on hormonal levels, sexual behaviour, semen quality and testicular morphology in mature stallions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine vet. J. |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 75-83 |
| Keywords | horse; GnRH; immunisation; stallion; testosterone; oestrone sulphate; sexual behaviour; semen quality | ||||
| Abstract | Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunisation on mature stallions that had been used for breeding. Four Standardbred stallions were used in the study: 3 experimental animals and 1 control animal. Semen was collected regularly, i.e. twice/week, during the 4 months prior to the experimental period. The stallions were immunised against GnRH with a GnRH-BSA conjugate. Equimune was used as the adjuvant. The stallions were immunised on 5 occasions, 4 at 2 week intervals, and the fifth 4 weeks after the fourth. Blood samples were taken once a week for analysis of GnRH antibody titre and every third week for testosterone and oestrone sulphate analyses. Semen was collected once a week, and libido and sexual behaviour were observed. Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total number of sperm in the ejaculate, sperm motility and sperm morphology were evaluated. Testicular size was measured once a week. At the end of the study, the stallions were castrated, and a histological examination of the testes performed. All immunised stallions produced antibodies against GnRH, and plasma testosterone concentration decreased. However, the effect of immunisation varied between stallions. In 2 of the stallions, high levels of antibodies were found, while in the third, the level was moderate. Four weeks after the first immunisation, a decrease in libido was observed. Two months after the first immunisation, marked changes in semen quality were observed in the 2 stallions with high antibody titres. Fourteen weeks after the first immunisation, the total number of sperm/ejaculate had decreased from >8.6×109 to<2.7×109, sperm motility from >59 to<10% and the frequency of morphological normal spermatozoa had decreased from >60 to<14%. The dominating abnormalities were abnormal head shapes, proximal cytoplasmic droplets and detached heads. In the third stallion, only slight changes in semen quality were found. No changes were observed in the control stallion. Decreases in testicular size were noted in all of the experimental stallions. Pronounced histological alterations in the testes were observed in 2 of the stallions. It is concluded that the vaccine was effective in stimulating production of GnRH antibodies and in suppressing testicular function and androgen secretion. However, there was an individual variation in the responses among the stallions and, further, libido was not totally suppressed. | ||||
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| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 2042-3306 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5312 | ||
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| Author | Kudo, H.; Dunbar, R.I.M. | ||||
| Title | Neocortex size and social network size in primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 62 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 711-722 |
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| Abstract | Primates use social grooming to service coalitions and it has been suggested that these directly affect the fitness of their members by allowing them to reduce the intrinsic costs associated with living in large groups. We tested two hypotheses about the size of grooming cliques that derive from this suggestion: (1) that grooming clique size should correlate with relative neocortex size and (2) that the size of grooming cliques should be proportional to the size of the groups they have to support. Both predictions were confirmed, although we show that, in respect of neocortex size, there are as many as four statistically distinct grades within the primates (including humans). Analysis of the patterns of grooming among males and females suggested that large primate social groups often consist of a set of smaller female subgroups (in some cases, matrilinearly based coalitions) that are linked by individual males. This may be because males insert themselves into the interstices between weakly bonded female subgroups rather than because they actually hold these subunits together. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4726 | ||
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| Author | Slater, P.; Rosenblatt, J.; Snowdon, C.; Roper, T. | ||||
| Title | ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR, 31 | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | 31 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Abstract | Description The aim of Advances in the Study of Behavior remains as it has been since the series began: to serve the increasing number of scientists who are engaged in the study of animal behavior by presenting their theoretical ideas and research to their colleagues and to those in neighboring fields. We hope that the series will continue its “contribution to the development of the field”, as its intended role was phrased in the Preface to the first volume in 1965. Since that time, traditional areas of animal behavior have achieved new vigor by the links they have formed with related fields and by the closer relationship that now exists between those studying animal and human subjects. Advances in the Study of Behavior, Volume 31 continues to serve scientists across a wide spectrum of disciplines. Focusing on new theories and research developments with respect to behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology, and comparative psychology, these volumes foster cooperation and communications in these dense fields. Audience Experimental psychologists studying animal behavior, comparative psychologists, ethologists, evolutionary biologists, and ichthyologists. Contents Contributors. Preface.M.L. East and H. Hofer, Conflict and Co-operation in a Female Dominated Society: A Re-assessment of the “Hyper-aggressive” Image of Spotted Hyenas.C. ten Cate, H. Slabbekoorn, and M.R. Ballintijn, Bird Song and Male-male Competition: Causes and Consequences of Vocal Variability in the Collared Dove (Streptopelia Decaocto).R.W. Byrne, Imitation of Novel Complex Actions: What Does the Evidence from Animals Mean?L.J. Rogers, Lateralization in Vertebrates: Its Early Evolution, General Pattern and Development.S.H. Hulse, Auditory Scene Analysis in Animal Communication.P.K. Stoddard, Electric Signals: Predation, Sex, and Environmental Constraints.T. Aubin and P. Jouventin, How to Vocally Identify Kin in a Crowd: The Penguin Model. Index. Contents of Previous Volumes. |
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| Publisher | ACADEMIC PRESS | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0-12-004531-0 | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4736 | ||
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