| Records |
| Author |
Rizzolatti, G.; Fogassi, L.; Gallese, V. |
| Title |
Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nature Reviews Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Rev Neurosci |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages  |
661-670 |
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| Abstract |
What are the neural bases of action understanding? Although this capacity could merely involve visual analysis of the action, it has been argued that we actually map this visual information onto its motor representation in our nervous system. Here we discuss evidence for the existence of a system, the ‘mirror system’, that seems to serve this mapping function in primates and humans, and explore its implications for the understanding and imitation of action. |
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| ISSN |
1471-003x |
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| Notes |
10.1038/35090060 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5013 |
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| Author |
McGreevy, P.D.; Webster, A.J.; Nicol, C.J. |
| Title |
Study of the behaviour, digestive efficiency and gut transit times of crib-biting horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
The Veterinary record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
| Volume |
148 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
592-596 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Case-Control Studies; *Digestion; *Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects; Horse Diseases/*physiopathology; Horses/*physiology/psychology; Male; Stereotyped Behavior/*physiology; Sulfapyridine/blood; Sulfasalazine/diagnostic use/pharmacology |
| Abstract |
The spontaneous behaviour and the apparent digestibility of dry matter and fibre and transit times of digesta were compared in four normal horses and four crib-biters. A technique was developed for measuring total gut transit times (TGTT) by using single-stool analysis of the passage of radio-opaque polyethylene markers. Longer TGTT were recorded in the crib-biters than in the normal horses but the orocaecal transit times did not differ. The crib-biters rested less than the normal horses. |
| Address |
Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0042-4900 |
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| Notes |
PMID:11386445 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
86 |
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| Author |
Spengler M.I.; Rasia M. |
| Title |
Influence of Plasma Proteins on Erythrocyte Aggregation in Three Mammalian Species |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Veterinary Research Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet.Res.Comm |
| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
591-599 |
| Keywords |
albumin – bovine – equine – erythrocyte aggregation – dextran – haemorheology – human – plasma protein – polyvinylpyrrolidone |
| Abstract |
The aggregation capacity of human erythrocytes lies between that of the non-aggregating bovine erythrocytes and the remarkably aggregating equine ones. As the ability to aggregate is attributed to cell factors and the composition of the plasma proteins, the role that plasma proteins play in the aggregation process in these three species was studied. Washed erythrocytes were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4, 300 mOsm/L) plus polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in a suitable concentration to obtain an average intensity of aggregation (control media). The superimposed effect of replacing 80% of the medium by either autologous plasma, serum or albumin solution was studied. The plasma proteins appeared to enhance aggregation by human and equine erythrocytes, but impaired this process in bovine erythrocytes. Some evidence was obtained supporting the existence of serum factors capable of reducing aggregation of erythrocytes in cattle and it was concluded that the non-aggregating behaviour of bovine erythrocytes may be due to the cells interacting particularly with the macromolecules in the serum. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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2013 |
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| Author |
Anderson, C.; Franks, N.R. |
| Title |
Teams in animal societies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
534-540 |
| Keywords |
animal societies, cooperation, division of labor, groups, invertebrates, task types, teams, vertebrates |
| Abstract |
We review the existence of teams in animal societies. Teams have previously been dismissed in all but a tiny minority of insect societies. “Team” is a term not generally used in studies of vertebrates. We propose a new rigorous definition of a team that may be applied to both vertebrate and invertebrate societies. We reconsider what it means to work as a team or group and suggest that there are many more teams in insect societies than previously thought. A team task requires different subtasks to be performed concurrently for successful completion. There is a division of labor within a team. Contrary to previous reviews of teams in social insects, we do not constrain teams to consist of members of different castes and argue that team members may be interchangeable. Consequently, we suggest that a team is simply the set of individuals that performs a team task. We contrast teams with groups and suggest that a group task requires the simultaneous performance and cooperation of two or more individuals for successful completion. In a group, there is no division of labor--each individual performs the same task. We also contrast vertebrate and invertebrate teams and find that vertebrate teams tend to be associated with hunting and are based on individual recognition. Invertebrate teams occur in societies characterized by a great deal of redundancy, and we predict that teams in insect societies are more likely to be found in large polymorphic (“complex”) societies than in small monomorphic (“simple”) societies. |
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10.1093/beheco/12.5.534 |
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no |
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Serial |
2070 |
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| Author |
Morley, K.I.; Montgomery, G.W. |
| Title |
The genetics of cognitive processes: candidate genes in humans and animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Behavior Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Genet |
| Volume |
31 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
511-531 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Chromosome Mapping; Drosophila melanogaster; Genetic Markers/*genetics; Humans; Intelligence/*genetics; Mental Retardation/genetics; Mice; Phenotype; Quantitative Trait, Heritable |
| Abstract |
It has been hypothesized that numerous genes contribute to individual variation in human cognition. An extensive search of the scientific literature was undertaken to identify candidate genes which might contribute to this complex trait. A list of over 150 candidate genes that may influence some aspect of cognition was compiled. Some genes are particularly strong candidates based on evidence for involvement in cognitive processes in humans, mice, and Drosophila melanogaster. This survey confirms that many genes are associated with cognitive variation and highlights the potential importance of animal models in the study of human cognition. |
| Address |
Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia |
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English |
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0001-8244 |
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| Notes |
PMID:11838530 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4141 |
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| Author |
Creel, S. |
| Title |
Social dominance and stress hormones |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
491-497 |
| Keywords |
Dominance; rank; stress; glucocorticoids; cooperative breeding; sociality; behavioural endocrinology; mammals |
| Abstract |
In most cooperatively breeding birds and mammals, reproductive rates are lower for social subordinates than for dominants, and it is common for reproduction in subordinates to be completely suppressed. Early research conducted in captivity showed that losing fights can increase glucocorticoid (GC) secretion, a general response to stress. Because GCs can suppress reproduction, it has been widely argued that chronic stress might underlie reproductive suppression of social subordinates in cooperative breeders. Contradicting this hypothesis, recent studies of cooperative breeders in the wild show that dominant individuals have elevated GCs more often than do subordinates. The findings that elevated GCs can be a consequence of subordination or a cost of dominance complicate the conventional view of social stress, with broad ramifications for the evolution of dominance and reproductive suppression. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4072 |
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| Author |
Albers, P.C.H.; de Vries, H. |
| Title |
Elo-rating as a tool in the sequential estimation of dominance strengths |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
489-495 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
858 |
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| Author |
Robert, C.; Valette, J.P.; Denoix, J.M. |
| Title |
The effects of treadmill inclination and speed on the activity of three trunk muscles in the trotting horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
33 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
466-472 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Biomechanics; Electromyography/methods/veterinary; Exercise Test/veterinary; Gait/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Muscle, Skeletal/*physiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rectus Abdominis/physiology; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of speed and slope on the activity of trunk muscles. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the splenius (Sp), longissimus dorsi (LD) and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles was recorded with surface electrodes during treadmill locomotion at trot for different combinations of speed (3.5 to 6 m/s) and slope (0 to 6%). Raw EMG signals were processed to determine activity duration, onset and end and integrated EMG (IEMG). For the 3 muscles investigated, onset and end of activity were obtained earlier in the stride cycle when speed increased. A longer duration of activity for the LD, a shorter duration for the RA and an unchanged duration for the Sp were also observed. The IEMG of the latter was poorly affected by speed, whereas it increased linearly with speed for the 2 other muscles. When treadmill inclination changed from 0 to 6%, EMG activity of the LD and RA began and ended later; a longer activity duration was noted. Temporal parameters for Sp did not change with slope. A significant and progressive increase in the IEMG of the 3 muscles was observed with increasing slope. This evaluation of the activity of trunk muscles provides objective data for the use of speed or slope in training programmes. |
| Address |
UMR INRA-DGER, Biomecanique et Pathalogie Locomotrice du Cheval, UP Anatomie, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France |
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English |
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0425-1644 |
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| Notes |
PMID:11558741 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4052 |
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| Author |
Maestripieri, D. |
| Title |
Comparing cognition in animals, and researchers |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Trends Cogn Sci |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
452-453 |
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Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, 5730 S. Woodlawn Avenue, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA |
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English |
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Edition |
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1364-6613 |
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| Notes |
PMID:11707385 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2853 |
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Itakura, S.; Agnetta, B.; Hare, B.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Chimpanzee Use of Human and Conspecific Social Cues to Locate Hidden Food |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Developmental Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dev Sci |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
448 - 456 |
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| Abstract |
Two studies are reported in which chimpanzees attempted to use social cues to locate hidden food in one of two possible hiding places. In the first study four chimpanzees were exposed to a local enhancement cue (the informant approached and looked to the location where food was hidden and then remained beside it) and a gaze/point cue (the informant gazed and manually pointed towards the location where the food was hidden). Each cue was given by both a human informant and a chimpanzee informant. In the second study 12 chimpanzees were exposed to a gaze direction cue in combination with a vocal cue (the human informant gazed to the hiding location and produced one of two different vocalizations – a 'food-bark' or a human word-form). The results were – (i) all subjects were quite skillful with the local enhancement cue, no matter who produced it; (ii) few subjects were skillful with the gaze/point cue, no matter who produced it (most of these being individuals who had been raised in infancy by humans); and (iii) most subjects were skillful when the human gazed and vocalized at the hiding place, with little difference between the two types of vocal cue. Findings are discussed in terms of chimpanzees' apparent need for additional cues, over and above gaze direction cues, to indicate the presence of food. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology and Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, USA DOI – 10.1111/1467-7687.00089 |
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Blackwell Publishers Ltd. 1999 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4973 |
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